虢

虢	U+8662, 虢 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8662

← 虡
[U+8661]

CJK Unified Ideographs

虣 →
[U+8663]

Translingual

Han character

虢 (Kangxi radical 141, 虍+9, 15 strokes, cangjie input 月戈卜心弓 (BIYPN) or 月戈卜心山 (BIYPU), four-corner 2131₇, composition ⿰寽虎)

Derived characters

𢸗, 㶁, 𧭣

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 1075, character 17
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 32742
Dae Jaweon: page 1543, character 18
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2828, character 7
Unihan data for U+8662

Chinese

trad.		虢
simp. ^#		虢
alternative forms		郭𣂭𧇧

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 虢
Western Zhou
Bronze inscriptions

Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 攴 + 虎 or 爪 + 攴 + 虎.

One theory considers this character a pictogram (象形) : two hands (寽 (lǜ)) opening tiger (虎)'s fur, thus an original glyph of 鞹 (kuò). (Lin Yiguang)

Shuowen: Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʷraːɡ) : phonetic 寽 (OC *rud) + semantic 虎 (“tiger”). However, this is not generally considered likely.

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): guó (guo²)

(Zhuyin): ㄍㄨㄛˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): gwik¹
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): kok / khek

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: guó
  - Zhuyin: ㄍㄨㄛˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: guó
  - Wade–Giles: kuo²
  - Yale: gwó
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: gwo
  - Palladius: го (go)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ku̯ɔ³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: gwik¹
  - Yale: gwīk
  - Cantonese Pinyin: gwik⁷
  - Guangdong Romanization: guig¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʷɪk̚⁵/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kok
  - Tâi-lô: kok
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kog
  - IPA (Xiamen): /kɔk̚³²/
- (Hokkien: dated in Xiamen)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khek
  - Tâi-lô: khik
  - Phofsit Daibuun: qeg
  - IPA (Xiamen): /kʰiɪk̚³²/

Middle Chinese: kwaek

Rime
Character	虢
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	陌 (114)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	II
Fanqie	古伯切
Baxter	kwaek
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kˠwæk̚/
Pan Wuyun	/kʷᵚak̚/
Shao Rongfen	/kuak̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kwaɨjk̚/
Li Rong	/kuɐk̚/
Wang Li	/kwɐk̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/kwɐk̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	guo
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gwak¹

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[k]ʷˤrak/

(Zhengzhang): /*kʷraːɡ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	虢
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	guó
Middle Chinese	‹ kwæk ›
Old Chinese	/*[k]ʷˁrak/
English	(place name)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	虢
Reading #	1/1
No.	4764
Phonetic component	虢
Rime group	鐸
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	格
Old Chinese	/*kʷraːɡ/

Definitions

虢

(historical) Name of several ancient feudal states that existed during the Western Zhou period (1050 to 770 B.C.E.) situated in modern-day Shaanxi and Hunan provinces and founded by relatives of the royal Ji family of the Zhou dynasty
a surname

Compounds

假途滅虢／假途灭虢
暮虢朝虞
虢滅虞亡／虢灭虞亡

Japanese

Kanji

虢

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

name of ancient feudal State in Shaanxi and Hunan

Readings

On (unclassified): かく (kaku); きゃく (kyaku)

Vietnamese

Han character

虢: Hán Việt readings: quắc

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