草芥

Chinese

		grass; straw; draft (of a document) grass; straw; draft (of a document); careless; rough; manuscript; hasty	Brassica juncea
trad. (草芥)		草	芥
simp. ^#(草芥)		草	芥

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): cǎojiè

(Zhuyin): ㄘㄠˇ ㄐㄧㄝˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): cou² gaai³
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): chhó-kài / chhó͘-kài

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: cǎojiè
  - Zhuyin: ㄘㄠˇ ㄐㄧㄝˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: cǎojiè
  - Wade–Giles: tsʻao³-chieh⁴
  - Yale: tsǎu-jyè
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tsaojieh
  - Palladius: цаоцзе (caocze)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi̯ɛ⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: cou² gaai³
  - Yale: chóu gaai
  - Cantonese Pinyin: tsou² gaai³
  - Guangdong Romanization: cou² gai³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰou̯³⁵ kaːi̯³³/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhó-kài
  - Tâi-lô: tshó-kài
  - Phofsit Daibuun: zhoy'kaix
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sʰo⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ kai⁴¹/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /t͡sʰo⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kai²¹/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhó͘-kài
  - Tâi-lô: tshóo-kài
  - Phofsit Daibuun: zhofkaix
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sʰɔ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ kai⁴¹/

Middle Chinese: tshawX keajH

Rime
Character	草	芥
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	清 (14)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	豪 (89)	皆 (33)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	I	II
Fanqie	采老切	古拜切
Baxter	tshawX	keajH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/t͡sʰɑu^X/	/kˠɛi^H/
Pan Wuyun	/t͡sʰɑu^X/	/kᵚæi^H/
Shao Rongfen	/t͡sʰɑu^X/	/kɐi^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/t͡sʰaw^X/	/kəɨj^H/
Li Rong	/t͡sʰɑu^X/	/kɛi^H/
Wang Li	/t͡sʰɑu^X/	/kɐi^H/
Bernard Karlgren	/t͡sʰɑu^X/	/kăi^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	cǎo	jiè
Expected Cantonese Reflex	cou²	gaai³

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[tsʰ]ˤuʔ kˤr[e][t]-s/

(Zhengzhang): /*sʰuːʔ kreːds/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	草	芥
Reading #	1/2	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	cǎo	jiè
Middle Chinese	‹ tshaw^X ›	‹ kɛj^H ›
Old Chinese	/*[tsʰ]ˁuʔ/	/*kˁr[e][t]-s/
English	grass, plants	mustard plant
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	草	芥
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	16547	6522
Phonetic component	早	介
Rime group	幽	祭
Rime subdivision	1	2
Corresponding MC rime	草	誡
Old Chinese	/*sʰuːʔ/	/*kreːds/
Notes	說文作艸

Noun

草芥

(literary, figurative) something small and insignificant; trifle

Synonyms

草菅 (cǎojiān)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (草芥):

→ Japanese: 草芥(そうかい) (sōkai)

Japanese

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
草	芥
そう Grade: 1	かい Jinmeiyō
on’yomi

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) そーかい [sòókáí] (Heiban – [0])[1]
IPA^(key): [so̞ːka̠i]

Noun

草(そう)芥(かい) • (sōkai) ^{←さうかい (saukai)^?}

weed and trash; trash

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
草	芥
そう Grade: 1	がい Jinmeiyō
on’yomi

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [so̞ːɡa̠i]

Noun

草(そう)芥(がい) • (sōgai) ^{←さうがい (saugai)^?}

Alternative form of 草芥 (sōkai): weed and trash; trash

References

Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

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