秘

See also: 祕

秘	U+79D8, 秘 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-79D8

← 秗
[U+79D7]

CJK Unified Ideographs

秙 →
[U+79D9]

㊙	U+3299, ㊙ CIRCLED IDEOGRAPH SECRET

← ㊘
[U+3298]

Enclosed CJK Letters and Months

㊚ →
[U+329A]

Translingual

Presentations of ㊙︎
Text style	Emoji style
㊙︎	㊙️
Note: Character's appearance may be different on each system. Text style is forced with ︎ and emoji style with ️

Han character

秘 (Kangxi radical 115, 禾+5, 10 strokes, cangjie input 竹木心竹 (HDPH), four-corner 2390₀, composition ⿰禾必)

Derived characters

𱓷, 𦷬, 𥡁, 𢢃

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 851, character 12

Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 24977

Dae Jaweon: page 1275, character 12

Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2601, character 7

Unihan data for U+79D8

Chinese

祕 - only used as a surname or in a given name in Simplified Chinese
trad.		秘/祕
simp.		秘/祕

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (必) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
泌	mpriɡs, priɡ, *bliɡ
秘	*mpriɡs
毖	*priɡs
閟	*priɡs
柲	priɡs, bliːɡ, priɡ, bliɡ
鉍	priɡs, priɡ
邲	priɡs, bliɡ, *briɡ
覕	pliŋs, mbliːɡ
咇	bliːɡ, priɡ, *bliɡ
苾	bliːɡ, bliɡ
馝	bliːɡ, bliɡ
飶	bliːɡ, bliɡ
鴓	*mbliːɡ
鮅	pliɡ, bliɡ
必	*pliɡ
珌	*pliɡ
佖	bliɡ, briɡ
駜	bliɡ, briɡ
怭	*bliɡ
妼	*bliɡ
宓	mriɡ, mliɡ
樒	*mriɡ
密	*mriɡ
蔤	*mriɡ
滵	*mriɡ
蜜	*mliɡ
謐	*mliɡ
榓	*mliɡ
淧	*mliɡ
瑟	smriɡ, smriɡ
璱	*sriɡ
飋	*sriɡ
虙	*blɯɡ

In current form: Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *mpriɡs) : semantic 禾 + phonetic 必 (OC *pliɡ).

Variant (俗字) of 祕 via 示 → 禾.

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Read mì instead of bì in Mandarin as a result of conflation with 密 (mì) (c.f. 秘密 (mìmì)) (Fu, 1958).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): mì, bì (mi⁴, bi⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄇㄧˋ, ㄅㄧˋ

(Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): би (bi, III)
Cantonese
(Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): bei³, bai³

(Taishan, Wiktionary): bi¹
Gan (Wiktionary): bi⁴
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): pi

(Meixian, Guangdong): bi⁴
Eastern Min (BUC): bé
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): pì

(Teochew, Peng'im): bi³
Wu (Wugniu)
- (Northern): ⁵pi; ⁵mi

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: mì
  - Zhuyin: ㄇㄧˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: mì
  - Wade–Giles: mi⁴
  - Yale: mì
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: mih
  - Palladius: ми (mi)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /mi⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: bì
  - Zhuyin: ㄅㄧˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: bì
  - Wade–Giles: pi⁴
  - Yale: bì
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: bih
  - Palladius: би (bi)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pi⁵¹/

Note: bì - rare except in 秘魯 (“Peru”) and as a surname.

- (Dungan)
  - Cyrillic and Wiktionary: би (bi, III)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pi⁴⁴/
  (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: bei³, bai³
  - Yale: bei, bai
  - Cantonese Pinyin: bei³, bai³
  - Guangdong Romanization: béi³, bei³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pei̯³³/, /pɐi̯³³/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: bi¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pi³³/
Gan
- (Nanchang)
  - Wiktionary: bi⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pi³⁵/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: pi
  - Hakka Romanization System: bi
  - Hagfa Pinyim: bi⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /pi⁵⁵/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: bi⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /pi⁵³/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: bé
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pɛi²¹³/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pì
  - Tâi-lô: pì
  - Phofsit Daibuun: pix
  - IPA (Xiamen): /pi²¹/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /pi⁴¹/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /pi²¹/
  - IPA (Taipei): /pi¹¹/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /pi²¹/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: bi³
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: pì
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pi²¹³/
Wu
- (Shanghai):
  - Wugniu: ⁵pi; ⁵mi
  - MiniDict: pi^去; 'mi^去
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ²pi; ²'mi
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /pi³⁴/, /mi³⁴/

Note:

2pi - vernacular;
2'mi - literary.

Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 秘 (秘書)
Mandarin	Beijing	/mi⁵¹/
	Harbin	/mi⁵³/
	Tianjin	/mi⁵³/
	Jinan	/mi²¹/
	Qingdao	/mi⁴²/
	Zhengzhou	/mi²⁴/
	Xi'an	/mi²¹/
	Xining	/mji⁴⁴/
	Yinchuan	/mi¹³/
	Lanzhou	/mi¹³/
	Ürümqi	/mi²¹³/
	Wuhan	/mi²¹³/
	Chengdu	/pei¹³/ /mi³¹/
	Guiyang	/mi²¹/
	Kunming	/mi³¹/
	Nanjing	/pi⁴⁴/
	Hefei	/pz̩⁵³/ /mz̩⁵³/
Jin	Taiyuan	/miəʔ²/
	Pingyao	/pi³⁵/
	Hohhot	/miəʔ⁴³/
Wu	Shanghai	/pi³⁵/
	Suzhou	/pi⁵¹³/
	Hangzhou	/pi⁴⁴⁵/
	Wenzhou	/mi²¹³/
Hui	Shexian	/pi³²⁴/
Hui	Tunxi	/mi⁴²/
Xiang	Changsha	/mi²⁴/ /pei⁵⁵/
Xiang	Xiangtan	/pi⁵⁵/
Gan	Nanchang	/pi⁴⁵/
Hakka	Meixian	/pi⁵³/
Hakka	Taoyuan	/pi⁵⁵/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/pei³³/
	Nanning	/pi³³/
	Hong Kong	/pei³³/
Min	Xiamen (Hokkien)	/pi²¹/
	Fuzhou (Eastern Min)	/pɛi²¹²/
	Jian'ou (Northern Min)	/mi²⁴/
	Shantou (Teochew)	/pi²¹³/
	Haikou (Hainanese)	/mit̚⁵/

Middle Chinese: pijH

Rime
Character	秘
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	幫 (1)
Final (韻)	脂 (17)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	兵媚切
Baxter	pijH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/pˠiɪ^H/
Pan Wuyun	/pᵚi^H/
Shao Rongfen	/piɪ^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/pji^H/
Li Rong	/pji^H/
Wang Li	/pi^H/
Bernard Karlgren	/pi^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	bì
Expected Cantonese Reflex	bei³

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang): /*mpriɡs/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	秘
Reading #	1/1
No.	553
Phonetic component	必
Rime group	至
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime	祕
Old Chinese	/*mpriɡs/
Notes	祕注俗字

Definitions

秘

secret; undisclosed; confidential
mysterious; abstruse
rare; scarce; extraordinary
to keep as a secret
to block
Short for 秘書／秘书 (mìshū, “secretary”).
Short for 秘魯／秘鲁 (Bìlǔ, “Peru”).
a surname

Compounds

便秘
傳神秘要／传神秘要
汪秘 (Wāngmì)
秘不發喪／秘不发丧 (mìbùfāsāng)
秘事
秘史 (mìshǐ)
秘密 (mìmì)
秘寶／秘宝
秘方 (mìfāng)
秘書／秘书 (mìshū)
秘本 (mìběn)
秘籍 (mìjí)
秘而不宣 (mì'érbùxuān)
秘聞／秘闻 (mìwén)
秘色 (mìsè)
秘色瓷
秘藏
秘計／秘计 (mìjì)
秘訣／秘诀 (mìjué)
秘話／秘话
秘魯／秘鲁

Japanese

Shinjitai	秘
Kyūjitai	祕

Kanji

秘

(grade 6 “Kyōiku” kanji, shinjitai kanji, kyūjitai form 祕)

secret; confidential

Readings

Go-on: ひ (hi, Jōyō)
Kan-on: ひ (hi, Jōyō)
Kun: ひめる (himeru, 秘める, Jōyō); かくす (kakusu, 秘す); ひそか (hisoka, 秘か)
Nanori: なし (nashi); なみ (nami); み (mi); やす (yasu)

Compounds

秘(ひ)術(じゅつ) (hijutsu): numerology, or a secret art
秘(ひ)術(じゅつ)師(し) (hijutsushi): a practitioner of a secret art
秘(ひ)書(しょ) (hisho): secretary
秘(ひ)密(みつ) (himitsu): secret
秘(ひ)儀(ぎ) (higi)
秘(ひ)境(きょう) (hikyō)
秘(ひ)訣(けつ) (hiketsu)
秘(ひ)法(ほう) (hihō)

Korean

Hanja

秘 • (bi) (hangeul 비, revised bi, McCune–Reischauer pi, Yale pi)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

秘: Hán Nôm readings: bí

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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