禮義

Chinese

		gift; propriety; rite	justice; righteousness; meaning
trad. (禮義)		禮	義
simp. (礼义)		礼	义

Etymology

Attested in Pre-Qin texts.

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): lǐyì

(Zhuyin): ㄌㄧˇ ㄧˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): lai⁵ ji⁶
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): lé-gī

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: lǐyì
  - Zhuyin: ㄌㄧˇ ㄧˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: lǐyì
  - Wade–Giles: li³-i⁴
  - Yale: lǐ-yì
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: liiyih
  - Palladius: лии (lii)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /li²¹⁴⁻²¹ i⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: lai⁵ ji⁶
  - Yale: láih yih
  - Cantonese Pinyin: lai⁵ ji⁶
  - Guangdong Romanization: lei⁵ yi⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /lɐi̯¹³ jiː²²/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lé-gī
  - Tâi-lô: lé-gī
  - Phofsit Daibuun: lefgi
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /le⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ ɡi³³/
  - IPA (Taipei): /le⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ɡi³³/

Middle Chinese: lejX ngjeH

Rime
Character	禮	義
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	來 (37)	疑 (31)
Final (韻)	齊 (39)	支 (13)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	IV	III
Fanqie	盧啓切	宜寄切
Baxter	lejX	ngjeH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/lei^X/	/ŋˠiᴇ^H/
Pan Wuyun	/lei^X/	/ŋᵚiɛ^H/
Shao Rongfen	/lɛi^X/	/ŋiɛ^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/lɛj^X/	/ŋjiə̆^H/
Li Rong	/lei^X/	/ŋje^H/
Wang Li	/liei^X/	/ŋǐe^H/
Bernard Karlgren	/liei^X/	/ŋie̯^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	lǐ	yì
Expected Cantonese Reflex	lai⁵	ji⁶

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[r]ˤijʔ ŋ(r)aj-s/

(Zhengzhang): /*riːʔ ŋrals/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	禮	義
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	lǐ	yì
Middle Chinese	‹ lej^X ›	‹ ngje^H ›
Old Chinese	/*[r]ˁijʔ/	/*ŋ(r)aj-s/
English	propriety, ceremony	duty; justice
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	禮	義
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	7839	13045
Phonetic component	豊	我
Rime group	脂	歌
Rime subdivision	2	1
Corresponding MC rime	禮	議
Old Chinese	/*riːʔ/	/*ŋrals/

Noun

禮義

propriety and righteousness
- 萬鍾則不辨禮義而受之。萬鍾於我何加焉？ [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  万钟则不辨礼义而受之。万钟于我何加焉？ [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: Mencius, c. 4^th century BCE
  Wànzhōng zé bù biàn lǐyì ér shòu zhī. Wànzhōng yú wǒ hé jiā yān? [Pinyin]
  And yet a man will accept of ten thousand zhong, without any consideration of propriety or righteousness. What can the ten thousand zhong add to him?
- 有上下然後禮義有所錯。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, trad.]
  有上下然后礼义有所错。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: I Ching, 11^th – 8^th century BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
  Yǒu shàngxià ránhòu lǐyì yǒu suǒcuò. [Pinyin]
  When (the distinction of) high and low had existence, afterwards came the arrangements of propriety and righteousness.
ceremony; etiquette; rituals; rites; protocol; decorum

Synonyms

(ritual):

儀式／仪式 (yíshì)
典禮／典礼 (diǎnlǐ)
式 (shì) (literary, or in compounds)
禮儀／礼仪 (lǐyí)

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