硬科學

Chinese

		hard; stiff; strong hard; stiff; strong; firm	science; scientific; systematic science; scientific; systematic; methodical
trad. (硬科學)		硬	科學
simp. (硬科学)		硬	科学

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): yìngkēxué

(Zhuyin): ㄧㄥˋ ㄎㄜㄒㄩㄝˊ

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: yìngkēxué
  - Zhuyin: ㄧㄥˋ ㄎㄜㄒㄩㄝˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: yìngkesyué
  - Wade–Giles: ying⁴-kʻo¹-hsüeh²
  - Yale: yìng-kē-sywé
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yinqkeshyue
  - Palladius: инкэсюэ (inkɛsjue)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /iŋ⁵¹ kʰɤ⁵⁵ ɕy̯ɛ³⁵/

Noun

硬科學

hard science

Antonyms

軟科學／软科学 (ruǎnkēxué)

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