甘藍

See also: 甘蓝

Chinese

		sweet; willingly; Gansu province (abbrev.)	blue; indigo plant; surname
trad. (甘藍)		甘	藍
simp. (甘蓝)		甘	蓝

Etymology

The word was recorded in the late-11th-century book on medicinal plants 《證類本草》 by Tang Shenwei, quoting from the 9th-century book 《食醫心鏡》, now lost.

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): gānlán

(Zhuyin): ㄍㄢㄌㄢˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): gam¹ laam⁴
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): kam-lâm

(Teochew, Peng'im): gam¹ lam⁵
Wu (Wugniu)
- (Northern): ¹koe-le

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: gānlán
  - Zhuyin: ㄍㄢㄌㄢˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: ganlán
  - Wade–Giles: kan¹-lan²
  - Yale: gān-lán
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ganlan
  - Palladius: ганьлань (ganʹlanʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kän⁵⁵ län³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: gam¹ laam⁴
  - Yale: gām làahm
  - Cantonese Pinyin: gam¹ laam⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: gem¹ lam⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɐm⁵⁵ laːm²¹/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kam-lâm
  - Tâi-lô: kam-lâm
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kamlaam
  - IPA (Xiamen): /kam⁴⁴⁻²² lam²⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /kam³³ lam²⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /kam⁴⁴⁻²² lam¹³/
  - IPA (Taipei): /kam⁴⁴⁻³³ lam²⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /kam⁴⁴⁻³³ lam²³/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: gam¹ lam⁵
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kam lâm
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kam³³⁻²³ lam⁵⁵/
Wu
- (Shanghai):
  - Wugniu: ¹koe-le
  - MiniDict: koe^平 le
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ¹koe-le
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /kø⁵⁵ le²¹/

Middle Chinese: kam lam

Rime
Character	甘	藍
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	見 (28)	來 (37)
Final (韻)	談 (143)	談 (143)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	I	I
Fanqie	古三切	魯甘切
Baxter	kam	lam
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kɑm/	/lɑm/
Pan Wuyun	/kɑm/	/lɑm/
Shao Rongfen	/kɑm/	/lɑm/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kam/	/lam/
Li Rong	/kɑm/	/lɑm/
Wang Li	/kɑm/	/lɑm/
Bernard Karlgren	/kɑm/	/lɑm/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	gān	lán
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gam¹	laam⁴

Noun

甘藍

cabbage (Brassica oleracea), especially the wild cabbage

Derived terms

抱子甘藍／抱子甘蓝
海甘藍／海甘蓝
球芽甘藍／球芽甘蓝
紫甘藍／紫甘蓝 (zǐgānlán)
結球甘藍／结球甘蓝 (jiéqiú gānlán)
羽衣甘藍／羽衣甘蓝 (yǔyī gānlán)
芽甘藍／芽甘蓝

Descendants

→ Thai: กะหล่ำ (gà-làm)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
甘	藍
かん Grade: S	らん Grade: S
on’yomi

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 甘藍 (kɑm lɑm).

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) かんらん [kàńráń] (Heiban – [0])[1][2]
(Tokyo) かんらん [káꜜǹràǹ] (Atamadaka – [1])[1][2]
IPA^(key): [kã̠nɾã̠ɴ]

Noun

甘(かん)藍(らん) • (kanran)

cabbage

Synonyms

玉菜(たまな) (tamana), キャベツ (kyabetsu)

Derived terms

蕪甘藍(かぶかんらん) (kabu kanran, “kohlrabi”)
球茎甘藍(きゅうけいかんらん) (kyūkei kanran, “kohlrabi”)
子持甘藍(こもちかんらん) (komochi kanran, “Brussels sprout”)
羽衣甘藍(はごろもかんらん) (hagoromo kanran, “kale”)
花甘藍(はなかんらん) (hana kanran, “cauliflower”)
緑葉甘藍(りょくようかんらん) (ryokuyō kanran, “kale”)

References

Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK Publishing, →ISBN

Yoron

Kanji in this term
甘	藍
Grade: S	Grade: S

Etymology

Middle Chinese 甘藍 (kɑm lɑm).

Noun

甘藍(かんだん) (kandan)

cabbage

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