焉耆

Chinese
phonetic
trad. (焉耆) 焉 耆
simp. #(焉耆) 焉 耆

Etymology

Possibly from Proto-Tocharian *Ārke-, name of the historical capital city of the Agneans, which gave rise to the endonym in Tocharian A Ārśi (Adams, 2013; see also Ji, 1998v4). First attested in the Book of Han. In Sanskrit sources, the city's name is conflated with अग्नि (agni, “fire”), which was likely unrelated.

Pronunciation

Rime
Character 焉 耆
Reading # 2/3 1/1
Initial (聲) 影 (34) 群 (30)
Final (韻) 仙 (79) 脂 (15)
Tone (調) Level (Ø) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open Open
Division (等) III III
Fanqie 於乾切 渠脂切
Baxter 'jen gjij
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /ʔˠiᴇn/ /ɡiɪ/
Pan
Wuyun		 /ʔᵚiɛn/ /ɡi/
Shao
Rongfen		 /ʔiæn/ /ɡjɪ/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /ʔian/ /gi/
Li
Rong		 /ʔjɛn/ /ɡi/
Wang
Li		 /ĭɛn/ /ɡi/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /ʔi̯ɛn/ /gi/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 yān qí
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex		 jin1 kei4
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 焉 焉 耆
Reading # 1/2 2/2 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 yān yān qí
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ ʔjen › ‹ hjen › ‹ gij ›
Old
Chinese		 /*ʔa[n]/ /*[ʔ]a[n]/ (atonic) /*[ɡ]rij/
English how (3p locative pronoun) old

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 焉 耆
Reading # 1/3 1/1
No. 14227 17332
Phonetic
component		 焉 旨
Rime
group		 元 脂
Rime
subdivision		 1 2
Corresponding
MC rime		 焉 鬐
Old
Chinese		 /*qran/ /*ɡri/

Proper noun

焉耆

  1. (historical) Karasahr
  2. (～回族自治縣, ～縣) Yanqi Hui Autonomous County (a county of Xinjiang, China)
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