混淆

Chinese

	to mix; to get along; thoughtless to mix; to get along; thoughtless; confused; dirty; mix	to mix; to confuse
trad. (混淆)	混	淆
simp. ^#(混淆)	混	淆
alternative forms	混殽／混淆溷肴溷淆渾殽／浑淆

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): hùnxiáo, hùnyáo, hǔnxiáo

(Zhuyin): ㄏㄨㄣˋ ㄒㄧㄠˊ, ㄏㄨㄣˋ ㄧㄠˊ, ㄏㄨㄣˇ ㄒㄧㄠˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): wan⁶ ngaau⁴
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): hūn-gâu / hūn-hâu / hūn-hiâu

(Teochew, Peng'im): hung⁶ ngao⁵

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, Mainland)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: hùnxiáo
  - Zhuyin: ㄏㄨㄣˋ ㄒㄧㄠˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: hùnsiáo
  - Wade–Giles: hun⁴-hsiao²
  - Yale: hwùn-syáu
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: huennshyau
  - Palladius: хуньсяо (xunʹsjao)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /xu̯ən⁵¹ ɕi̯ɑʊ̯³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese, Taiwan)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: hùnyáo
  - Zhuyin: ㄏㄨㄣˋ ㄧㄠˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: hùnyáo
  - Wade–Giles: hun⁴-yao²
  - Yale: hwùn-yáu
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: huennyau
  - Palladius: хуньяо (xunʹjao)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /xu̯ən⁵¹ jɑʊ̯³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese, nonstandard or dialectal)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: hǔnxiáo
  - Zhuyin: ㄏㄨㄣˇ ㄒㄧㄠˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: hǔnsiáo
  - Wade–Giles: hun³-hsiao²
  - Yale: hwǔn-syáu
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: hoenshyau
  - Palladius: хуньсяо (xunʹsjao)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /xu̯ən²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɕi̯ɑʊ̯³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: wan⁶ ngaau⁴
  - Yale: wahn ngàauh
  - Cantonese Pinyin: wan⁶ ngaau⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: wen⁶ ngao⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /wɐn²² ŋaːu̯²¹/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hūn-gâu
  - Tâi-lô: hūn-gâu
  - Phofsit Daibuun: huxn'gaau
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /hun⁴¹⁻²² ɡau²⁴/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hūn-hâu
  - Tâi-lô: hūn-hâu
  - Phofsit Daibuun: huxnhaau
  - IPA (Xiamen): /hun²²⁻²¹ hau²⁴/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hūn-hiâu
  - Tâi-lô: hūn-hiâu
  - Phofsit Daibuun: huxnhiaau
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /hun²²⁻²¹ hiau¹³/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: hung⁶ ngao⁵
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: hŭng ngâu
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /huŋ³⁵⁻¹¹ ŋau⁵⁵/

Middle Chinese: hwonX haew

Rime
Character	混	淆
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	匣 (33)	匣 (33)
Final (韻)	魂 (55)	肴 (90)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed	Open
Division (等)	I	II
Fanqie	胡本切	胡茅切
Baxter	hwonX	haew
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɦuən^X/	/ɦˠau/
Pan Wuyun	/ɦuon^X/	/ɦᵚau/
Shao Rongfen	/ɣuən^X/	/ɣau/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɦwən^X/	/ɦaɨw/
Li Rong	/ɣuən^X/	/ɣau/
Wang Li	/ɣuən^X/	/ɣau/
Bernard Karlgren	/ɣuən^X/	/ɣau/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	hùn	xiáo
Expected Cantonese Reflex	wan⁶	haau⁴

Verb

混淆

to obscure; to blur; to mix up
混淆概念 ― hùnxiáo gàiniàn ― to mix up concepts
(computing) to obfuscate

Synonyms

串
亂／乱 (luàn) (literary, or in compounds)
夾雜／夹杂 (jiāzá)
廝混／厮混 (sīhùn)
拍濫／拍滥 (Xiamen Hokkien, Zhangzhou Hokkien)
拍相濫／拍相滥 (Xiamen Hokkien)
摻和／掺和
摻濫／掺滥 (Hokkien)
摻雜／掺杂 (chānzá)
模糊
混同 (hùntóng)
混合
混雜／混杂
相濫／相滥 (Xiamen Hokkien)
羼雜／羼杂 (chànzá)

Derived terms

混淆不清
混淆是非
混淆視聽／混淆视听
混淆黑白
玉石混淆
黑白混淆

Japanese

Kanji in this term
混	淆
こん Grade: 5	こう Hyōgaiji
kan’on

For pronunciation and definitions of 混淆 – see the following entry.

【混交こんこう】

[noun] a mixture of various things; blending

[verb] mix up

(This term, 混淆, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

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