| ocean; sea | water; river | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| simp. and trad. (海水) |
海 | 水 | |
| Rime | ||
|---|---|---|
| Character | 海 | 水 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 曉 (32) | 書 (26) |
| Final (韻) | 咍 (41) | 脂 (18) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Closed |
| Division (等) | I | III |
| Fanqie | 呼改切 | 式軌切 |
| Baxter | xojX | sywijX |
| Reconstructions | ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang |
/hʌiX/ | /ɕˠiuɪX/ |
| Pan Wuyun |
/həiX/ | /ɕʷᵚiX/ |
| Shao Rongfen |
/xɒiX/ | /ɕiuɪX/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank |
/həjX/ | /ɕjwiX/ |
| Li Rong |
/xᴀiX/ | /ɕjuiX/ |
| Wang Li |
/xɒiX/ | /ɕwiX/ |
| Bernard Karlgren |
/xɑ̆iX/ | /ɕwiX/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex |
hǎi | shuǐ |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex |
hoi2 | seoi2 |
| Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) | ||
|---|---|---|
| Character | 海 | 水 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) |
hǎi | shuǐ |
| Middle Chinese |
‹ xojX › | ‹ sywijX › |
| Old Chinese |
/*m̥ˁəʔ/ (dialect *m̥ˁ- > x-) | /*s.turʔ/ (E dialect: *-r > *-j) |
| English | sea | water; river |
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; | ||
| Zhengzhang system (2003) | ||
|---|---|---|
| Character | 海 | 水 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| No. | 9283 | 11948 |
| Phonetic component |
母 | 水 |
| Rime group |
之 | 脂 |
| Rime subdivision |
0 | 2 |
| Corresponding MC rime |
海 | 水 |
| Old Chinese |
/*hmlɯːʔ/ | /*qʰʷljilʔ/ |