to flow; to spread; to circulate to flow; to spread; to circulate; to move |
to appear; to look; form to appear; to look; form; shape | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| trad. (流形) | 流 | 形 | |
| simp. #(流形) | 流 | 形 | |
| Rime | ||
|---|---|---|
| Character | 流 | 形 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 來 (37) | 匣 (33) |
| Final (韻) | 尤 (136) | 青 (125) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | III | IV |
| Fanqie | 力求切 | 戸經切 |
| Baxter | ljuw | heng |
| Reconstructions | ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang |
/lɨu/ | /ɦeŋ/ |
| Pan Wuyun |
/liu/ | /ɦeŋ/ |
| Shao Rongfen |
/liəu/ | /ɣɛŋ/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank |
/luw/ | /ɦɛjŋ/ |
| Li Rong |
/liu/ | /ɣeŋ/ |
| Wang Li |
/lĭəu/ | /ɣieŋ/ |
| Bernard Karlgren |
/li̯ə̯u/ | /ɣieŋ/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex |
liú | xíng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex |
lau4 | jing4 |
| Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) | ||
|---|---|---|
| Character | 流 | 形 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) |
liú | xíng |
| Middle Chinese |
‹ ljuw › | ‹ heng › |
| Old Chinese |
/*ru/ | /*[ɢ]ˁeŋ/ |
| English | flow (v.) | form, shape |
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; | ||
| Zhengzhang system (2003) | ||
|---|---|---|
| Character | 流 | 形 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| No. | 8335 | 6862 |
| Phonetic component |
流 | 井 |
| Rime group |
幽 | 耕 |
| Rime subdivision |
1 | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime |
劉 | 㓝 |
| Old Chinese |
/*ru/ | /*ɡeːŋ/ |
| Notes | 或爲毓省聲 | |