波斯
Chinese
| phonetic | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| simp. and trad. (波斯) |
波 | 斯 | |
Etymology
Borrowed from Old Persian 𐎱𐎠𐎼𐎿 (Pārsa) (alternatively, from a Sogdian term); first used during the Northern Wei dynasty to refer to the Sasanian Empire.[1]
Pronunciation
Proper noun
波斯
- (historical) Persia
- 波斯國，都宿利城，在忸密西，古條支國也。 [Literary Chinese, trad.]
- From: c. 551-554, 魏書 (Book of Wei) by Wei Shou, 卷一百二 列傳第九十 (西域) (Volume 102, Biographies 90: Western Regions)
- Bōsī guó, dōu Sùlì chéng, zài Niǔmì xī, gǔ Tiáozhī guó yě. [Pinyin]
- The state of Persia [Sasanian Empire]: its capital is Istakhr. It is located west of Niumi [in the Anxi Protectorate]. It was formerly the state of Tiaozhi [perhaps Seleucia].
波斯国，都宿利城，在忸密西，古条支国也。 [Literary Chinese, simp.]- 極惡風俗，婚姻交雜。納母及姊妹為妻。波斯國亦納母為妻。 [Literary Chinese, trad.]
- From: c. 728, 《往五天竺國傳》 (Account of the Journey to the Five Indias)
- Jí'è fēngsú, hūnyīn jiāozá. Nà mǔ jí zǐmèi wéi qī. Bōsī guó yì nà mǔ wéi qī. [Pinyin]
- An extremely evil custom [in these lands] is that their marriage practices are filthy. They take their mother and sisters as wives. In the country of Persia, they also take their mothers as wives.
极恶风俗，婚姻交杂。纳母及姊妹为妻。波斯国亦纳母为妻。 [Literary Chinese, simp.]
Derived terms
Descendants
See also
- 伊朗 (Yīlǎng)
References
- Schottenhammer, Angela (2016) “China's Gate to the Indian Ocean: Iranian and Arab Long-Distance Traders”, in Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies, volume 76, number 1, , →ISSN, pages 139–140
Japanese
Etymology 1
| Kanji in this term | |
|---|---|
| 波 | 斯 |
| は Grade: 3 |
し Jinmeiyō |
| on’yomi | |
From Middle Chinese 波斯 (MC pa sje), ultimately from Old Persian 𐎱𐎠𐎼𐎿 (Pārsa).
First cited to the Utsubo Monogatari of the late 900s.[1]
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ha̠ɕi]
Proper noun
波斯 • (Hashi)
- [from late 900s] (archaic, possibly obsolete) Persia, especially ancient Persia
Usage notes
Usage might be restricted to contexts about ancient China.[2]
Derived terms
Derived terms with 波斯
- 波斯国 (Hashikoku)
- 波斯匿 (Hashinoku)
- 波斯匿王 (Hashinokuō)
Etymology 2
| Kanji in this term | |
|---|---|
| 波 | 斯 |
| はるしゃ | |
| Grade: 3 | Jinmeiyō |
| jukujikun | |
| Kanji in this term | |
|---|---|
| 波 | 斯 |
| はるしあ | |
| Grade: 3 | Jinmeiyō |
| jukujikun | |
Borrowed from Dutch Perzië (“Persia”) during the Edo period.[1][2]
First cited in 1708.[1]
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ha̠ɾɯ̟ᵝɕa̠]
Derived terms
Derived terms with 波斯
- 波斯革 (Harusha-gawa)
- 波斯菊 (Harusha-giku)
Etymology 3
| Kanji in this term | |
|---|---|
| 波 | 斯 |
| ぺるしゃ Grade: 3 |
ぺるしあ Jinmeiyō |
| jukujikun | |
Borrowed from English Persia.[1][2][3]
First cited in 1839.[1]
Usage notes
References
- “波斯”, in 日本国語大辞典 (Nihon Kokugo Daijiten, “Nihon Kokugo Daijiten”) (in Japanese), concise edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, 2000
- Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK Publishing, →ISBN
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