比例
Chinese
side by side; compare; to gesture side by side; compare; to gesture; than; ratio |
example; precedent; rule example; precedent; rule; case; instance | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| trad. (比例) | 比 | 例 | |
| simp. #(比例) | 比 | 例 | |
Etymology
Original sense attestable in Classical Chinese. The mathematics sense is believed to have been coined by Matteo Ricci.[1]
Pronunciation
Derived terms
References
- Huang Heqing (黃河清), 利玛窦对汉语的贡献, 2003
Japanese
| Kanji in this term | |
|---|---|
| 比 | 例 |
| ひ Grade: 5 |
れい Grade: 4 |
| on’yomi | |
Derived terms
- 比例区 (hireiku): proportionally represented constituency
- 比例式 (hireishiki): proportional expression
- 比例税 (hireizei): proportional tax
- 比例中項 (hirei chūkō): mean proportional
- 比例配分 (hirei haibun): proportional distribution
- 比例代表制 (hirei daihyō sei): proportional representation
- 名簿式比例代表制 (meibo-shiki hirei daihyō sei): proportional representation system in which votes are cast for a publicly available list of party members
- 拘束名簿式比例代表制 (kōsoku meibo-shiki hirei daihyō sei): proportional representation electoral system
- 非拘束名簿式比例代表制 (hi-kōsoku meibo-shiki hirei daihyō sei): proportional representation system in which both party and individual votes are cast
- 小選挙区比例代表並立制 (shō-senkyoku hirei daihyō heiritsu sei): electoral system composed of single-seat and multiple-seat constituencies
- 逆比例 (gyakuhirei): inverse proportion to
- 正比例 (seihirei): direct proportion
- 単比例 (tanpirei): simple proportion
- 定比例 (teihirei): fixed proportion
- 反比例 (hanpirei): inverse proportion
- 複比例 (fukuhirei): compound proportion
- 定比例の法則 (teihirei no hōsoku): law of definite proportions
- 倍数比例の法則 (baisū hirei no hōsoku): law of multiple proportions
Verb
比例する • (hirei suru) suru (stem 比例し (hirei shi), past 比例した (hirei shita))
- be proportional, be in proportion
Usage notes
Often this verb is used in the past tense, 比例した, to mean "commensurate" or "proportionate", or in the -te form 比例して to mean "in proportion." As such it expresses concepts with a verb that are usually expressed with other parts of speech in English.
Conjugation
Conjugation of "比例する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
| Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 比例し | ひれいし | hirei shi | |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 比例し | ひれいし | hirei shi | |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 比例する | ひれいする | hirei suru | |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 比例する | ひれいする | hirei suru | |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 比例すれ | ひれいすれ | hirei sure | |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 比例せよ¹ 比例しろ² |
ひれいせよ¹ ひれいしろ² |
hirei seyo¹ hirei shiro² | |
| Key constructions | ||||
| Passive | 比例される | ひれいされる | hirei sareru | |
| Causative | 比例させる 比例さす |
ひれいさせる ひれいさす |
hirei saseru hirei sasu | |
| Potential | 比例できる | ひれいできる | hirei dekiru | |
| Volitional | 比例しよう | ひれいしよう | hirei shiyō | |
| Negative | 比例しない | ひれいしない | hirei shinai | |
| Negative continuative | 比例せず | ひれいせず | hirei sezu | |
| Formal | 比例します | ひれいします | hirei shimasu | |
| Perfective | 比例した | ひれいした | hirei shita | |
| Conjunctive | 比例して | ひれいして | hirei shite | |
| Hypothetical conditional | 比例すれば | ひれいすれば | hirei sureba | |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative | ||||
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