桔梗

Chinese

		tangerine; Platycodon grandiflorus	stem
simp. and trad. (桔梗)		桔	梗

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): jiégěng

(Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄝˊ ㄍㄥˇ
Cantonese (Jyutping): git³ gang², gat¹ gang²
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): kiat-kēng

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: jiégěng
  - Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄝˊ ㄍㄥˇ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jiégěng
  - Wade–Giles: chieh²-kêng³
  - Yale: jyé-gěng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jyegeeng
  - Palladius: цзегэн (czegɛn)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕi̯ɛ³⁵ kɤŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: git³ gang², gat¹ gang²
  - Yale: git gáng, gāt gáng
  - Cantonese Pinyin: git⁸ gang², gat⁷ gang²
  - Guangdong Romanization: gid³ geng², ged¹ geng²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kiːt̚³ kɐŋ³⁵/, /kɐt̚⁵ kɐŋ³⁵/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kiat-kēng
  - Tâi-lô: kiat-kīng
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kiatkeng
  - IPA (Xiamen): /kiɛt̚³²⁻⁴ kiɪŋ²²/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /kiɛt̚⁵⁻²⁴ kiɪŋ⁴¹/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /kiɛt̚³²⁻⁵ kiɪŋ²²/
  - IPA (Taipei): /kiɛt̚³²⁻⁴ kiɪŋ³³/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /kiɛt̚³²⁻⁴ kiɪŋ³³/

Middle Chinese: ket kaengX

Rime
Character	桔	梗
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	見 (28)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	屑 (87)	庚 (109)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	IV	II
Fanqie	古屑切	古杏切
Baxter	ket	kaengX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ket̚/	/kˠæŋ^X/
Pan Wuyun	/ket̚/	/kᵚaŋ^X/
Shao Rongfen	/kɛt̚/	/kaŋ^X/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kɛt̚/	/kaɨjŋ^X/
Li Rong	/ket̚/	/kɐŋ^X/
Wang Li	/kiet̚/	/kɐŋ^X/
Bernard Karlgren	/kiet̚/	/kɐŋ^X/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	jie	gěng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	git³	gang²

Noun

桔梗

(traditional Chinese medicine) The root of the balloon flower (Platycodon grandiflorus).

Japanese

桔梗 (kikyō): the Chinese bellflower

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
桔	梗
き Jinmeiyō	きょう Grade: S
yutōyomi

/kikjau/ → /kikjɔː/ → /kikjoː/

From Middle Chinese 桔梗 (ket̚ kˠæŋ^X). Compare modern Cantonese reading git³ gang².

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) ききょー [kìkyóó] (Heiban – [0])[1][2]
IPA^(key): [kʲi̥kʲo̞ː]

Noun

桔(き)梗(きょう) or 桔梗(キキョウ) • (kikyō) ^{←ききやう (kikyau)^?}

(botany) The platycodon or Chinese bellflower, Platycodon grandiflorus.

Usage notes

As with many terms that name organisms, this term is often spelled in katakana, especially in biological contexts (where katakana is customary), as キキョウ.

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
桔	梗
きち Jinmeiyō	こう Grade: S
on’yomi

/kitikau/ → /kit͡ɕikɔː/ → /kit͡ɕikoː/

From Middle Chinese 桔梗 (ket̚ kˠæŋ^X), using alternate kanji readings.[1]

This reading is less common than kikyō above, and may be obsolete.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [kʲit͡ɕiko̞ː]

Noun

桔(きち)梗(こう) • (kichikō)

(possibly obsolete) The platycodon or Chinese bellflower, Platycodon grandiflorus.

References

Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK Publishing, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja in this term
桔	梗

Noun

桔梗 • (gilgyeong) (hangeul 길경)

Hanja form^? of 길경.

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