戚戚

Chinese

Etymology 1

		get close to; relative; sorrow get close to; relative; sorrow; battle-axe	get close to; relative; sorrow get close to; relative; sorrow; battle-axe
simp. and trad. (戚戚)		戚	戚
alternative forms		慼慼 “sorrowful”

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): qīqī

(Zhuyin): ㄑㄧㄑㄧ
Cantonese (Jyutping): cik¹ cik¹
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): chhiak-chhiak / chhek-chhek

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: qīqī
  - Zhuyin: ㄑㄧㄑㄧ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: cici
  - Wade–Giles: chʻi¹-chʻi¹
  - Yale: chī-chī
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chichi
  - Palladius: цици (cici)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕʰi⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰi⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: cik¹ cik¹
  - Yale: chīk chīk
  - Cantonese Pinyin: tsik⁷ tsik⁷
  - Guangdong Romanization: qig¹ qig¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰɪk̚⁵ t͡sʰɪk̚⁵/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhiak-chhiak
  - Tâi-lô: tshiak-tshiak
  - Phofsit Daibuun: chiakchiag
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡ɕʰiak̚⁵⁻²⁴ t͡ɕʰiak̚⁵/
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhek-chhek
  - Tâi-lô: tshik-tshik
  - Phofsit Daibuun: zhekzheg
  - IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung, Xiamen): /t͡ɕʰiɪk̚³²⁻⁴ t͡ɕʰiɪk̚³²/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡ɕʰiɪk̚³²⁻⁵ t͡ɕʰiɪk̚³²/

Middle Chinese: tshek tshek

Rime
Character	戚
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	清 (14)
Final (韻)	青 (127)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	IV
Fanqie	倉歷切
Baxter	tshek
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/t͡sʰek̚/
Pan Wuyun	/t͡sʰek̚/
Shao Rongfen	/t͡sʰɛk̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/t͡sʰɛjk̚/
Li Rong	/t͡sʰek̚/
Wang Li	/t͡sʰiek̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/t͡sʰiek̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	qi
Expected Cantonese Reflex	cik¹

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*s.tʰˤiwk s.tʰˤiwk/

(Zhengzhang): /*sʰlɯːwɢ sʰlɯːwɢ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	戚	戚
Reading #	2/4	4/4
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	qī	qī
Middle Chinese	‹ tshek ›	‹ tshek ›
Old Chinese	/*s.tʰˁiwk/	/*s.tʰˁiwk/
English	relatives	worried; sad; depressed
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	戚
Reading #	1/1
No.	11729
Phonetic component	尗
Rime group	覺
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime	戚
Old Chinese	/*sʰlɯːwɢ/

Adjective

戚戚

(ideophonic, literary) intimate; closely related
(ideophonic, literary) apprehensive; distressed; sorrowful
- 子曰：「君子坦蕩蕩，小人長戚戚。」 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  子曰：「君子坦荡荡，小人长戚戚。」 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: The Analects of Confucius, c. 475 – 221 BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
  Zǐ yuē: “Jūnzǐ tǎndàngdàng, xiǎorén cháng qīqī.” [Pinyin]
  The Master said, “The superior man is satisfied and composed; the mean man is always full of distress.”
- 尋尋覓覓，冷冷清清，淒淒慘慘戚戚。 [MSC, trad.]
  寻寻觅觅，冷冷清清，凄凄惨惨戚戚。 [MSC, simp.]
  From: Li Qingzhao, 《聲聲慢》 (A Long Melancholy Tune)
  Xúnxúnmìmì, lěnglěngqīngqīng, qīqīcǎncǎn qīqī. [Pinyin]
  Searching, seeking, seeking, searching, what comes of it but coldness and desolation, a world of dreariness and misery and stabbing pain!
(ideophonic, literary, of one's heart) moved; swayed

Derived terms

君子坦蕩蕩，小人長戚戚／君子坦荡荡，小人长戚戚
悲悲戚戚
愁戚戚
戚戚具爾／戚戚具尔
戚戚嗟嗟
瑣瑣戚戚／琐琐戚戚

Etymology 2

		hurried	hurried
simp. and trad. (戚戚)		戚	戚

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): cùcù

(Zhuyin): ㄘㄨˋ ㄘㄨˋ

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: cùcù
  - Zhuyin: ㄘㄨˋ ㄘㄨˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: cùcù
  - Wade–Giles: tsʻu⁴-tsʻu⁴
  - Yale: tsù-tsù
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tsuhtsuh
  - Palladius: цуцу (cucu)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰu⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡sʰu⁵¹/

Adjective

戚戚

(ideophonic, literary) hurried; rushed

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