山東

See also: 山东

Chinese

	mountain; hill	east
trad. (山東)	山	東
simp. (山东)	山	东
anagram	東山／东山
Literally: “east of the mountain”.

Etymology

Shandong: So named as it lies on the east of the Taihang Mountains.

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): Shāndōng

(Zhuyin): ㄕㄢㄉㄨㄥ
Cantonese (Jyutping): saan¹ dung¹
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): Sân-tûng

(Meixian, Guangdong): san¹ dung¹
Northern Min (KCR): Suíng-dóng
Eastern Min (BUC): Săng-dĕ̤ng
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): Soaⁿ-tang

(Teochew, Peng'im): suan¹ dang¹
Wu (Wugniu)
- (Northern): ¹se-ton

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: Shāndōng
  - Zhuyin: ㄕㄢㄉㄨㄥ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: Shandong
  - Wade–Giles: Shan¹-tung¹
  - Yale: Shān-dūng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Shandong
  - Palladius: Шаньдун (Šanʹdun)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʂän⁵⁵ tʊŋ⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: saan¹ dung¹
  - Yale: sāan dūng
  - Cantonese Pinyin: saan¹ dung¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: san¹ dung¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /saːn⁵⁵ tʊŋ⁵⁵/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: Sân-tûng
  - Hakka Romanization System: san´ dung´
  - Hagfa Pinyim: san¹ dung¹
  - Sinological IPA: /san²⁴⁻¹¹ tuŋ²⁴/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: san¹ dung¹
  - Sinological IPA: /san⁴⁴ tʊŋ⁴⁴/
Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: Suíng-dóng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /suiŋ⁵⁴ tɔŋ⁵⁴/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: Săng-dĕ̤ng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /saŋ⁵⁵ ^(t-)nøyŋ⁵⁵/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Soaⁿ-tang
  - Tâi-lô: Suann-tang
  - Phofsit Daibuun: svoa'dafng
  - IPA (Xiamen): /suã⁴⁴⁻²² taŋ⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /suã³³ taŋ³³/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /suã⁴⁴⁻²² taŋ⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Taipei): /suã⁴⁴⁻³³ taŋ⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /suã⁴⁴⁻³³ taŋ⁴⁴/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: suan¹ dang¹
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: suaⁿ tang
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /sũã³³⁻²³ taŋ³³/
Wu
- (Shanghai):
  - Wugniu: ¹se-ton
  - MiniDict: se^平 ton
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ¹se-ton
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /se⁵⁵ toŋ²¹/

Middle Chinese: srean tuwng

Rime
Character	山	東
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	生 (21)	端 (5)
Final (韻)	山 (73)	東 (1)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	II	I
Fanqie	所閒切	德紅切
Baxter	srean	tuwng
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ʃˠɛn/	/tuŋ/
Pan Wuyun	/ʃᵚæn/	/tuŋ/
Shao Rongfen	/ʃæn/	/tuŋ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʂəɨn/	/təwŋ/
Li Rong	/ʃɛn/	/tuŋ/
Wang Li	/ʃæn/	/tuŋ/
Bernard Karlgren	/ʂăn/	/tuŋ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	shān	dōng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	saan¹	dung¹

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*s-ŋrar tˤoŋ/

(Zhengzhang): /*sreːn toːŋ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	山	東
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	shān	dōng
Middle Chinese	‹ srɛn ›	‹ tuwng ›
Old Chinese	/*s-ŋrar/	/tˁoŋ/ (< tˁoŋʔ ?)
English	mountain, hill	east
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	山	東
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	11052	2435
Phonetic component	山	東
Rime group	元	東
Rime subdivision	2	0
Corresponding MC rime	山	東
Old Chinese	/*sreːn/	/*toːŋ/
Notes		種（種籽）初文，甲金文象種皮甲坼萌生根芽，參敕字陳字注

Proper noun

山東

(～省) Shandong (a province of China)
(historical, specifically) the area to the east of Hangu Pass
(historical, specifically) the area to the east of the Taihang Mountains
(historical, specifically) the area to the east of Mount Hua

Synonyms

(Shandong): 齊魯／齐鲁 (Qílǔ)

Derived terms

山東半島／山东半岛 (Shāndōng Bàndǎo)
山東棒子／山东棒子 (shāndōng bàngzi)
山東粉／山东粉

Noun

山東

east of the mountain (in general)

Japanese

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
山	東
さん Grade: 1	とう Grade: 2
on’yomi

From Middle Chinese 山東 (MC srean tuwng).

Alternative forms

山東(シャンドン) (Shandon)

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [sã̠nto̞ː]

Proper noun

山(さん)東(とう) • (Santō) ^{←さんとう (santou)^?}

Shandong (a province of China)

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
山	東
しゃん Grade: 1	どん Grade: 2
irregular

From Mandarin 山東／山东 (Shāndōng).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [ɕã̠ndõ̞ɴ]

Proper noun

山東(シャンドン) • (Shandon)

Alternative form of 山東 (Santō, “Shandong (a province of China)”)

Etymology 3

Kanji in this term
山	東
さん Grade: 1	とう Grade: 2
on’yomi

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [sã̠nto̞ː]

Proper noun

山(さん)東(とう) • (Santō) ^{←さんとう (santou)^?}

(obsolete) east of the Rockies (a region of the United States)

Korean

Hanja in this term
山	東

Proper noun

山東 • (Sandong) (hangeul 산동)

Hanja form^? of 산동 (“Shandong”).

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
山	東

Proper noun

山東

chữ Hán form of Sơn Đông (“Shandong”).

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