家族
Chinese
home; family; ‑ist home; family; ‑ist; ‑er; ‑ian; measure word for stores and schools |
race; nationality; ethnicity race; nationality; ethnicity; clan | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| trad. (家族) | 家 | 族 | |
| simp. #(家族) | 家 | 族 | |
Pronunciation
Synonyms
Japanese
| Kanji in this term | |
|---|---|
| 家 | 族 |
| か Grade: 2 |
ぞく Grade: 3 |
| kan’on | goon |
Etymology
Ultimately from Middle Chinese 家族 (MC kae dzuwk). However, not attested until 1808,[1] so possibly a borrowing from modern written Chinese 家族 (jiāzú) with the expected Japanese reading applied.
Noun
家族 • (kazoku)
- a family, a household
- 2015 July 27, Åsa Ekström, “第１話 (Daiichiwa) ようこそ、ここへ (Yōkoso, Koko E) [Chapter 1: Welcome Here]”, in さよならセプテンバー (Sayonara Seputenbā) [Goodbye September], volume 1 (fiction), Tokyo: Creek & River:
- ぼくらは幸せな家族になるよぜったい！
- Bokura wa shiawase na kazoku ni naru yo zettai!
- We’ll definitely make a happy family!
- ぼくらは幸せな家族になるよぜったい！
Usage notes
家族 refers to one’s own family, particularly immediate family – parents, children, and siblings. To refer to another’s family, one uses the honorific form ご家族 (go-kazoku, “another’s family”, honorific). To refer to one’s relatives generally, one uses 親戚 (shinseki, “relative”), which includes even distant relatives. For first cousins – i.e. aunts, uncles, and close cousins – one may use 近親 (kinshin, “close relative”). For close people, not necessarily family, one may use 身内 (miuchi, “close family, close friends”).
Synonyms
- 御家族, ご家族 (go-kazoku) (honorific)
References
- “家族”, in 日本国語大辞典 (Nihon Kokugo Daijiten, “Nihon Kokugo Daijiten”) (in Japanese), concise edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, 2000
- Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK Publishing, →ISBN
- Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
- 2002, Ineko Kondō; Fumi Takano; Mary E Althaus; et. al., Shogakukan Progressive Japanese-English Dictionary, Third Edition, Tokyo: Shōgakukan, →ISBN.
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