孤單

See also: 孤单

Chinese

		lone; lonely	bill; list; form bill; list; form; single; only; sole; surname; chieftain
trad. (孤單)		孤	單
simp. (孤单)		孤	单

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): gūdān

(Zhuyin): ㄍㄨㄉㄢ

(Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): гўдан (gwdan, II-I)
Cantonese (Jyutping): gu¹ daan¹
Gan (Wiktionary): 'gu¹ dan¹
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): kû-tân
Eastern Min (BUC): gŭ-dăng
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): ko͘-toaⁿ / ko͘-tan

(Teochew, Peng'im): gou¹ duan¹
Wu (Wugniu)
- (Northern): ¹ku-te

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)
  - Hanyu Pinyin: gūdān
  - Zhuyin: ㄍㄨㄉㄢ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: gudan
  - Wade–Giles: ku¹-tan¹
  - Yale: gū-dān
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: gudan
  - Palladius: гудань (gudanʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ku⁵⁵ tän⁵⁵/
  - Homophones:
    [Show/Hide]
    ^edit
    ^edit
    估單／估单
    孤單／孤单
- (Dungan)
  - Cyrillic and Wiktionary: гўдан (gwdan, II-I)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ku⁵¹ tæ̃²⁴/
  (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: gu¹ daan¹
  - Yale: gū dāan
  - Cantonese Pinyin: gu¹ daan¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: gu¹ dan¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kuː⁵⁵ taːn⁵⁵/
Gan
- (Nanchang)
  - Wiktionary: 'gu¹ dan¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ˈku⁴² tan⁴²/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kû-tân
  - Hakka Romanization System: gu´ dan´
  - Hagfa Pinyim: gu¹ dan¹
  - Sinological IPA: /ku²⁴⁻¹¹ tan²⁴/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: gŭ-dăng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ku⁵⁵ ^(t-)laŋ⁵⁵/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese, Singapore)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ko͘-toaⁿ
  - Tâi-lô: koo-tuann
  - Phofsit Daibuun: ko'dvoaf
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /kɔ³³ tuã³³/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Singapore): /kɔ⁴⁴⁻²² tuã⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /kɔ⁴⁴⁻³³ tuã⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Philippines, variant in Taiwan)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ko͘-tan
  - Tâi-lô: koo-tan
  - Phofsit Daibuun: ko'dafn
  - IPA (Quanzhou, Philippines): /kɔ³³ tan³³/
  - IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /kɔ⁴⁴⁻³³ tan⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /kɔ⁴⁴⁻²² tan⁴⁴/

Note:

ko͘-toaⁿ - common in Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taiwan;
ko͘-tan - common in Quanzhou.

- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: gou¹ duan¹
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kou tuaⁿ
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kou³³⁻²³ tũã³³/
Wu
- (Shanghai):
  - Wugniu: ¹ku-te
  - MiniDict: ku^平 te
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ¹ku-te
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ku⁵⁵ te²¹/

Adjective

孤單

lonely; lonesome; solitary; desolate
weak; powerless

Synonyms

(lonely):

俗 (Hokkien)
孤孑 (gūjié) (literary)
孤寂 (gūjì)
孤獨／孤独 (gūdú)
寂寞 (jìmò)
寂寥 (jìliáo)
挑另 (Zhangzhou Hokkien)
索寞 (suǒmò) (literary or Eastern Min)
落寞 (luòmò)

(weak):

單薄／单薄 (dānbó)
孱弱 (chánruò) (literary)
弱 (ruò)
微弱 (wēiruò)
柔弱 (róuruò)
瘦弱 (shòuruò)
瘦瘠 (shòují)
羸弱 (léiruò)
脆弱 (cuìruò)
荏弱 (Hokkien)
薄弱 (bóruò)
虛弱／虚弱 (xūruò)
虛荏／虚荏 (Xiamen Hokkien, Zhangzhou Hokkien)
虛虧／虚亏 (xūkuī)
虧弱／亏弱 (kuīruò)
衰弱 (shuāiruò)
軟弱／软弱 (ruǎnruò)
軟䭕／软𬲕 (Hokkien, Teochew)
雌 (cí) (literary)
體弱／体弱 (tǐruò)

Adverb

孤單

(Southern Min) only; just; alone

Synonyms

一塌括子 (⁷iq-thaeq₇-khuaeq₇-tsy₃) (Suzhounese)
僅僅／仅仅 (jǐnjǐn)
儷是／俪是 (nâ-sê) (Eastern Min)
則是／则是 (zéshì) (archaic)
只
只係／只系 (zi² hai⁶) (Cantonese)
只是 (zhǐshì)
單純／单纯 (dānchún)
孤啊 (Zhangzhou Hokkien)
干焦 (Xiamen Hokkien, Zhangzhou Hokkien)
徒然 (túrán)

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
孤	單

Adjective

孤單

chữ Hán form of cô đơn (“lonely”).

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