子規

Chinese

		child; son; (noun suffix) child; son; (noun suffix); small thing; seed; egg; 1st earthly branch; 11 p.m.–1 a.m., midnight	compass; rule
trad. (子規)		子	規
simp. (子规)		子	规
alternative forms		子鳺／子𱉎

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): zǐguī

(Zhuyin): ㄗˇ ㄍㄨㄟ
Cantonese (Jyutping): zi² kwai¹

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: zǐguī
  - Zhuyin: ㄗˇ ㄍㄨㄟ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: zǐhguei
  - Wade–Giles: tzŭ³-kuei¹
  - Yale: dž-gwēi
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tzyyguei
  - Palladius: цзыгуй (czyguj)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹ ku̯eɪ̯⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: zi² kwai¹
  - Yale: jí kwāi
  - Cantonese Pinyin: dzi² kwai¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: ji² kuei¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡siː³⁵ kʷʰɐi̯⁵⁵/

Middle Chinese: tsiX kjwie

Rime
Character	子	規
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	精 (13)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	之 (19)	支 (12)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Closed
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	即里切	居隋切
Baxter	tsiX	kjwie
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/t͡sɨ^X/	/kiuᴇ/
Pan Wuyun	/t͡sɨ^X/	/kʷiɛ/
Shao Rongfen	/t͡sie^X/	/kjuɛ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/t͡sɨ^X/	/kwiə̆/
Li Rong	/t͡siə^X/	/kiue/
Wang Li	/t͡sĭə^X/	/kǐwe/
Bernard Karlgren	/t͡si^X/	/kwie̯/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	zǐ	guī
Expected Cantonese Reflex	zi²	gwai¹

Noun

子規

(～鳥) cuckoo
- 冥冥子規叫，微徑不敢取。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  冥冥子规叫，微径不敢取。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: 759 CE, Du Fu, At Dharma Mirror Temple (《法鏡寺》)
  Míngmíng zǐguī jiào, wēijìng bùgǎn qǔ. [Pinyin]
  Dark in the distance the cuckoo crows Go Go,
  The narrow path to the temple I dare not seek.

Synonyms

可穀／可谷 (dialectal)
姑姑蟲／姑姑虫 (gu¹ gu^1-3 cung¹) (Jin)
子規鳥／子规鸟 (zǐguīniǎo)
布穀／布谷 (bùgǔ)
布穀鳥／布谷鸟 (bùgǔniǎo)
杜宇 (dùyǔ) (literary)
杜鵑／杜鹃 (dùjuān)
杜鵑鳥／杜鹃鸟 (dùjuānniǎo)
種穀蟲兒／种谷虫儿 (Jin)
穀穀鳥／谷谷鸟 (dialectal)
豆仔鳥／豆仔鸟 (Xiamen Hokkien, Zhangzhou Hokkien)
陽雀子／阳雀子 (ian² cio⁶ zr) (Xiang)
鳲鳩／鸤鸠 (shījiū) (literary)

Derived terms

子規鳥／子规鸟 (zǐguīniǎo)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (子規):

→ Japanese: 子規(しき) (shiki)

Japanese

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
子	規
し Grade: 1	き Grade: 5
on’yomi

From Middle Chinese 子規 (MC tsiX kjwie).

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) しき [shíꜜkì] (Atamadaka – [1])[1]
(Tokyo) しき [shìkíꜜ] (Odaka – [2])[1]
IPA^(key): [ɕikʲi]

Noun

子(し)規(き) • (shiki)

Synonym of ほととぎす (hototogisu): the lesser cuckoo, Cuculus poliocephalus

Proper noun

子(し)規(き) • (Shiki)

Short for 正岡子規 (Masaoka Shiki): Meiji-period author, poet, and literary critic

Derived terms

子(し)規(き)忌(き) (Shiki-ki)

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
子	規
ほととぎす
Grade: 1	Grade: 5
jukujikun

For pronunciation and definitions of 子規 – see the following entry.

【ほととぎすホトトギス】

[noun] the lesser cuckoo, Cuculus poliocephalus

Alternative spellings
時鳥, 杜宇, 杜鵑, 田鵑, 蜀魂, 郭公, 不如帰

(This term, 子規, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

Usage notes

The kanji spelling is from shiki above.

References

Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

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