奠

奠	U+5960, 奠 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5960

← 奟
[U+595F]

CJK Unified Ideographs

奡 →
[U+5961]

Translingual

Han character

奠 (Kangxi radical 37, 大+9, 12 strokes, cangjie input 廿田大 (TWK), four-corner 8043₀, composition ⿱酋大)

Derived characters

𡼓, 𢵫, 𣾇, 𬯚, 橂, 𨗖, 磸, 𨣆, 䥖, 鄭, 𤡽, 𡰙, 㽀, 𠪝, 𭔕, 㞟, 𥳢, 𥂴

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 253, character 5
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 5960
Dae Jaweon: page 514, character 30
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 546, character 6
Unihan data for U+5960

Chinese

trad.		奠
simp. ^#		奠
alternative forms		⿱酉丌𠪝

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 奠
Shang	Western Zhou	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script	Bronze inscriptions	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (奠) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
奠	*diːŋs
鄭	*deŋs
擲	*deɡ
躑	*deɡ

Oracle bone script: Pictogram (象形) – an alcohol vessel (酉) placed on a mat (一).

In the bronze inscriptions, two strokes (八) were sometimes added above the alcohol vessel, representing overflowing alcohol; this is inherited in the small seal script as 酋. In some bronze inscriptions, two horizontal strokes were sometimes also added below the line representing a mat; the strokes sometimes were changed to something like 八. These two strokes then fused with the mat to give 丌 (a table with two legs) in the small seal script. 丌 later evolved into 大 by process of libian (隸變).

Pronunciation 1

Mandarin
(Pinyin): diàn (dian⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄉㄧㄢˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): din⁶
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): tiān

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: diàn
  - Zhuyin: ㄉㄧㄢˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: diàn
  - Wade–Giles: tien⁴
  - Yale: dyàn
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: diann
  - Palladius: дянь (djanʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ti̯ɛn⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: din⁶
  - Yale: dihn
  - Cantonese Pinyin: din⁶
  - Guangdong Romanization: din⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tiːn²²/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tiān
  - Tâi-lô: tiān
  - Phofsit Daibuun: dien
  - IPA (Xiamen): /tiɛn²²/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /tiɛn⁴¹/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /tiɛn²²/
  - IPA (Taipei): /tiɛn³³/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /tiɛn³³/

Middle Chinese: denH

Rime
Character	奠
Reading #	1/2
Initial (聲)	定 (7)
Final (韻)	先 (85)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	IV
Fanqie	堂練切
Baxter	denH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/den^H/
Pan Wuyun	/den^H/
Shao Rongfen	/dɛn^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/dɛn^H/
Li Rong	/den^H/
Wang Li	/dien^H/
Bernard Karlgren	/dʱien^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	diàn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	din⁶

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*N-tˤe[n]-s/, /*m-tˤe[n]-s/

(Zhengzhang): /*diːŋs/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	奠	奠
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	diàn	diàn
Middle Chinese	‹ den^H ›	‹ den^H ›
Old Chinese	/*N-tˁe[n]-s/	/*m-tˁe[n]-s/
English	be fixed (v.i.)	set forth (v.t.)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	奠
Reading #	1/1
No.	2351
Phonetic component	奠
Rime group	眞
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime	電
Old Chinese	/*diːŋs/

Definitions

奠

to set; to lay; to place down (typically in ceremonial contexts)
- 主人坐奠爵於階前，辭。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  主人坐奠爵于阶前，辞。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: Etiquette and Ceremonial, circa 475 – 221 BCE
  Zhǔrén zuò diànjué yú jiē qián, cí. [Pinyin]
  The host, seated, lays the goblet before the step, and speaks courteously (of the subject of the ceremony).
to make offerings to the dead; to libate
to establish

Compounds

供奠
奠儀／奠仪 (diànyí)
奠地
奠基 (diànjī)
奠安
奠定 (diàndìng)
奠敬
奠祭 (diànjì)
奠立
奠都 (diàndū)
奠酒 (diànjiǔ)
奠酹
奠雁
家奠
弔奠／吊奠
拜奠
澆奠／浇奠
祖奠
祭奠 (jìdiàn)
設奠／设奠
路奠
遣奠
釋奠／释奠 (shìdiàn)
饋奠／馈奠

Pronunciation 2

Mandarin
(Pinyin): dìng (ding⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄉㄧㄥˋ

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: dìng
  - Zhuyin: ㄉㄧㄥˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: dìng
  - Wade–Giles: ting⁴
  - Yale: dìng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: dinq
  - Palladius: дин (din)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tiŋ⁵¹/

Middle Chinese: tengH

Rime
Character	奠
Reading #	2/2
Initial (聲)	端 (5)
Final (韻)	青 (125)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	IV
Fanqie	丁定切
Baxter	tengH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/teŋ^H/
Pan Wuyun	/teŋ^H/
Shao Rongfen	/tɛŋ^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/tɛjŋ^H/
Li Rong	/teŋ^H/
Wang Li	/tieŋ^H/
Bernard Karlgren	/tieŋ^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	dìng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	ding³

Definitions

奠

Alternative form of 飣／饤 (dìng)
fake

Pronunciation 3

For pronunciation and definitions of 奠 – see 鄭 (“proper noun sense”). (This character is an ancient form of 鄭).

Usage notes

Usage seen in oracle bone and bronze inscriptions.

Pronunciation 4

For pronunciation and definitions of 奠 – see 停 (“to stop; to halt; to stay; to remain; etc.”). (This character is a variant form of 停).

Pronunciation 5

For pronunciation and definitions of 奠 – see 尊 (“to respect; to revere; to venerate; to honor; etc.”). (This character is a variant form of 尊).

Japanese

Kanji

奠

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

to make offerings
to establish

Readings

(Can we verify⁽⁺⁾ this pronunciation?)

Go-on: でん (den)^{←でん (den, historical)}
Kan-on: てん (ten)^{←てん (ten, historical)}
On: てい (tei)
Kun: まつる (matsuru, 奠る); さだめる (sadameru, 奠める)
Nanori: さだ (sada)

Compounds

奠(てん)菜(さい) (tensai)
奠(てん)茶(ちゃ) (tencha)
奠(てん)都(と) (tento)
奠(てん)湯(とう) (tentō) (点(てん)湯(とう))
香(こう)奠(でん) (kōden) (香(こう)典(でん))
祭(さい)奠(てん) (saiten)
釈(さく)奠(てん) (sakuten)
釈(しゃく)奠(てん) (shakuten)
釈(せき)奠(てん) (sekiten)
奉(ほう)奠(てん) (hōten)
礼(れい)奠(てん) (reiten)

Korean

Etymology 1

From Middle Chinese 奠 (MC denH).

Pronunciation

(SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [t͡ɕʌ̹n]
Phonetic hangul: [전]

Hanja

Wikisource 奠 (eumhun 정(定)할 전 (jeonghal jeon))
奠 (eumhun 제사(祭祀) 전 (jesa jeon))

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Compounds

전거 (奠居, jeon'geo)
전도 (奠都, jeondo)
전례 (奠禮, jeollye)
전로 (奠爐, jeollo)
전물 (奠物, jeonmul)
전안 (奠雁, jeonan)
전알 (奠謁, jeonal)
전읍 (奠邑, jeoneup)
전의 (奠儀, jeonui)
전작 (奠酌, jeonjak)
전작 (奠爵, jeonjak)
전접 (奠接, jeonjeop)
전정 (奠定, jeonjeong)
전제 (奠祭, jeonje)
전찬 (奠饌, jeonchan)
전폐 (奠幣, jeonpye)
견전 (遣奠, gyeonjeon)
노전 (路奠, nojeon)
대전 (代奠, daejeon)
망전 (望奠, mangjeon)
별전 (別奠, byeoljeon)
삭전 (朔奠, sakjeon)
석전 (夕奠, seokjeon)
석전 (釋奠, seokjeon)
습전 (襲奠, seupjeon)
예전 (禮奠, yejeon)
은전 (殷奠, eunjeon)
제전 (祭奠, jejeon)
조전 (助奠, jojeon)
조전 (祖奠, jojeon)
조전 (朝奠, jojeon)
천전 (遷奠, cheonjeon)
치전 (致奠, chijeon)
토전 (土奠, tojeon)
향전 (香奠, hyangjeon)

Etymology 2

From Middle Chinese 奠 (MC tengH).

Pronunciation

(SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [t͡ɕʌ̹ŋ]
Phonetic hangul: [정]

Hanja

奠 (eumhun 멈출 정 (meomchul jeong))

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

Naver Hanja Dictionary: 奠

Vietnamese

Han character

奠: Hán Nôm readings: điện

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