失明
Chinese
| to lose; to miss; to fail | clear; bright; to understand clear; bright; to understand; next; the Ming dynasty | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| simp. and trad. (失明) |
失 | 明 | |
Pronunciation
Verb
失明
- to become blind; to lose one's sight
- 左丘失明，厥有國語；…… [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: The Records of the Grand Historian, by Sima Qian, c. 91 BCE
- Zuǒqiū shīmíng, jué yǒu Guóyǔ;...... [Pinyin]
- Zuoqiu lost his sight, so we have Discourses of the States; [...]
左丘失明，厥有国语；…… [Classical Chinese, simp.]
Synonyms
Dialectal synonyms of 瞎眼 (“(to be) blind”) [map]
| Variety | Location | Words |
|---|---|---|
| Classical Chinese | 瞽, 盲 | |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 失明, 瞎眼, 瞎 | |
| Mandarin | Taiwan | 瞎眼 |
| Malaysia | 瞎, 盲 | |
| Singapore | 瞎, 盲 | |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 盲, 盲眼 |
| Hong Kong | 盲, 盲眼 | |
| Hakka | Meixian | 瞎, 盲 |
| Wuhua (Huacheng) | 眼瞎 | |
| Luhe | 目瞎 | |
| Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 目瞨, 瞨目, 青盲, 瞎目 | |
| Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 目瞨, 目瞎, 青盲, 瞎目 | |
| Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 目瞨, 瞨目, 青盲, 瞎目 | |
| Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 目瞨, 瞨目, 青盲, 瞎目 | |
| Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 目瞨, 瞨目, 青盲, 瞎目 | |
| Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 青盲 | |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 瞎 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 青盲 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 青盲 |
| Quanzhou | 青盲 | |
| Zhangzhou | 青盲 | |
| Taipei | 青盲 | |
| New Taipei (Sanxia) | 青盲 | |
| Kaohsiung | 青盲 | |
| Yilan | 青盲 | |
| Changhua (Lukang) | 青盲 | |
| Taichung | 青盲 | |
| Tainan | 青盲 | |
| Hsinchu | 青盲 | |
| Kinmen | 青盲 | |
| Penghu (Magong) | 青盲 | |
| Penang (Hokkien) | 青盲 | |
| Singapore (Hokkien) | 青盲 | |
| Manila (Hokkien) | 青盲 | |
| Pingnan (Pingtian) | 青盲 | |
| Chaozhou | 青盲 | |
| Shantou | 青盲 | |
| Shantou (Chenghai) | 青盲 | |
| Shantou (Chaoyang) | 青盲 | |
| Jieyang | 青盲 | |
| Haifeng | 青盲 | |
| Leizhou | 青盲 | |
| Wenchang | 青盲 | |
| Singapore (Hainanese) | 青盲 | |
| Puxian Min | Putian | 青盲 |
| Central Min | Yong'an | 瞎 |
| Zhongshan Min | Shaxi (Longdu) | 盲 |
Japanese
| Kanji in this term | |
|---|---|
| 失 | 明 |
| しつ Grade: 4 |
めい Grade: 2 |
| on’yomi | |
Verb
失明する • (shitsumei suru) suru (stem 失明し (shitsumei shi), past 失明した (shitsumei shita))
- to lose sight
Conjugation
Conjugation of "失明する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
| Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 失明し | しつめいし | shitsumei shi | |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 失明し | しつめいし | shitsumei shi | |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 失明する | しつめいする | shitsumei suru | |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 失明する | しつめいする | shitsumei suru | |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 失明すれ | しつめいすれ | shitsumei sure | |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 失明せよ¹ 失明しろ² |
しつめいせよ¹ しつめいしろ² |
shitsumei seyo¹ shitsumei shiro² | |
| Key constructions | ||||
| Passive | 失明される | しつめいされる | shitsumei sareru | |
| Causative | 失明させる 失明さす |
しつめいさせる しつめいさす |
shitsumei saseru shitsumei sasu | |
| Potential | 失明できる | しつめいできる | shitsumei dekiru | |
| Volitional | 失明しよう | しつめいしよう | shitsumei shiyō | |
| Negative | 失明しない | しつめいしない | shitsumei shinai | |
| Negative continuative | 失明せず | しつめいせず | shitsumei sezu | |
| Formal | 失明します | しつめいします | shitsumei shimasu | |
| Perfective | 失明した | しつめいした | shitsumei shita | |
| Conjunctive | 失明して | しつめいして | shitsumei shite | |
| Hypothetical conditional | 失明すれば | しつめいすれば | shitsumei sureba | |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative | ||||
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