like; same; similar like; same; similar; together; alike; with |
guilt; crime; fault guilt; crime; fault; blame; sin | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| trad. (同罪) | 同 | 罪 | |
| simp. #(同罪) | 同 | 罪 | |
| Rime | ||
|---|---|---|
| Character | 同 | 罪 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 定 (7) | 從 (15) |
| Final (韻) | 東 (1) | 灰 (42) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Closed |
| Division (等) | I | I |
| Fanqie | 徒紅切 | 徂賄切 |
| Baxter | duwng | dzwojX |
| Reconstructions | ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang |
/duŋ/ | /d͡zuʌiX/ |
| Pan Wuyun |
/duŋ/ | /d͡zuoiX/ |
| Shao Rongfen |
/duŋ/ | /d͡zuɒiX/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank |
/dəwŋ/ | /d͡zwəjX/ |
| Li Rong |
/duŋ/ | /d͡zuᴀiX/ |
| Wang Li |
/duŋ/ | /d͡zuɒiX/ |
| Bernard Karlgren |
/dʱuŋ/ | /d͡zʱuɑ̆iX/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex |
tóng | zuì |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex |
tung4 | zeoi6 |
| Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) | ||
|---|---|---|
| Character | 同 | 罪 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) |
tóng | zuì |
| Middle Chinese |
‹ duwng › | ‹ dzwojX › |
| Old Chinese |
/*lˁoŋ/ | /*[dz]ˁujʔ/ |
| English | together, join | crime, offense |
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; | ||
| Zhengzhang system (2003) | ||
|---|---|---|
| Character | 同 | 罪 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| No. | 12446 | 17981 |
| Phonetic component |
同 | 罪 |
| Rime group |
東 | 微 |
| Rime subdivision |
0 | 2 |
| Corresponding MC rime |
同 | 辠 |
| Old Chinese |
/*doːŋ/ | /*zuːlʔ/ |
| Notes | 甲金文象有節筒管與口協合， 如此方能音律諧和， 爲筒（簫）初文 |
同辠 |