先行

Chinese
 
early; prior; former
early; prior; former; in advance; first
 
to go; to do; capable
to go; to do; capable; all right; competent; OK; to travel; temporary; to walk; will do; behaviour; conduct; a row; profession; professional
simp. and trad.
(先行)		 先 行

Pronunciation

Note:
  • sian-hêng - literary;
  • suiⁿ-kiâⁿ/seng-kiâⁿ - vernacular (to go ahead).

    Verb

    先行

    1. to advance; to move forward
    2. to go ahead of the rest; to start off before the others

    Adjective

    先行

    1. advance; ahead of the rest

    Adverb

    先行

    1. (literary) before; previously
    2. (Can we verify(+) this sense?) in advance; beforehand

    Synonyms
    • (before):

    Noun

    先行

    1. Short for 先行官 (xiānxíngguān, “commander of an advance unit”).

    Derived terms

    Japanese

    Etymology 1
    Kanji in this term
    先 行
    さき
    Grade: 1    		 ゆ(き)
    Grade: 2
    kun’yomi
    Alternative spelling
    先行き
    Kanji in this term
    先 行
    さき
    Grade: 1    		 い(き)
    Grade: 2
    kun’yomi
    Alternative spelling
    先行き

    Compound of 先 (saki, “point, tip; the front, the forward direction; the future”) +‎ 行き (yuki, “going”, the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of verb 行く (yuku, “to go”), alternative reading for iku).[1][2][3][4]

    The sakiyuki reading is first cited to a text from 1678.[1]

    Less commonly encountered with the reading sakiiki, using the standard iki reading for the second half.[1][2][3][4] This variant is first cited to a text from 1686.[1]

    Pronunciation

    Noun

    先(さき)行(ゆき) or 先(さき)行(いき) • (sakiyuki or sakiiki) 

    1. [???] the first, the vanguard, the state of going out in front
    2. [from 1678] the future, prospects
    3. [from 1881] (finance) anticipated future movement in market prices

    Etymology 2
    Kanji in this term
    先 行
    せん
    Grade: 1    		 こう
    Grade: 2
    on’yomi kan’on

    Ultimately from Middle Chinese 先行 (MC sen haeng, literally “preceding + to go”).

    First cited to a text from 833.[1]

    Pronunciation

    Noun

    先(せん)行(こう) • (senkō) ←せんかう (senkau)?

    1. preceding thing
      先(せん)行(こう)予(よ)約(やく)受(うけ)付(つけ)中(ちゅう)
      senkō yoyaku uketsukechū
      Pre-orders are being accepted.
      (literally, “Currently receiving preceding reservations.”)
    2. a lead, a pioneer
    3. something done prior to something else
    Derived terms

    Verb

    先(せん)行(こう)する • (senkō suru) ←せんかう (senkau)?suru (stem 先(せん)行(こう)し (senkō shi), past 先(せん)行(こう)した (senkō shita))

    1. [from 833] to go ahead of, to go in front of, to go first
      Synonym: 前行 (zenkō)
    2. [from 1887] to lead, to show the way
      Synonym: 導く (michibiku)
    3. [from 1928] to do something ahead of something else
      Synonym: 前行 (zenkō)
    Conjugation
    Conjugation of "先行する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
    Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
    Mizenkei ("imperfective") 先行し せんこうし senkō shi
    Ren’yōkei ("continuative") 先行し せんこうし senkō shi
    Shūshikei ("terminal") 先行する せんこうする senkō suru
    Rentaikei ("attributive") 先行する せんこうする senkō suru
    Kateikei ("hypothetical") 先行すれ せんこうすれ senkō sure
    Meireikei ("imperative") 先行せよ¹
    先行しろ²    		 せんこうせよ¹
    せんこうしろ²    		 senkō seyo¹
    senkō shiro²
    Key constructions
    Passive 先行される せんこうされる senkō sareru
    Causative 先行させる
    先行さす    		 せんこうさせる
    せんこうさす    		 senkō saseru
    senkō sasu
    Potential 先行できる せんこうできる senkō dekiru
    Volitional 先行しよう せんこうしよう senkō shiyō
    Negative 先行しない せんこうしない senkō shinai
    Negative continuative 先行せず せんこうせず senkō sezu
    Formal 先行します せんこうします senkō shimasu
    Perfective 先行した せんこうした senkō shita
    Conjunctive 先行して せんこうして senkō shite
    Hypothetical conditional 先行すれば せんこうすれば senkō sureba
    ¹ Written imperative

    ² Spoken imperative

    References
    1. Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
    2. Matsumura, Akira (1995) 大辞泉 [Daijisen] (in Japanese), First edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
    3. Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
    4. Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
    5. NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK Publishing, →ISBN
    • 2002, Ineko Kondō; Fumi Takano; Mary E Althaus; et. al., Shogakukan Progressive Japanese-English Dictionary, Third Edition, Tokyo: Shōgakukan, →ISBN.
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