五月

Chinese
five moon; month
simp. and trad.
(五月)		 五 月

Pronunciation

Noun

五月

  1. May
  2. modern name for the fifth month of the Chinese lunar calendar

Synonyms
  • (lunar month): 榴月 (Liúyuè), 蒲月, 仲夏 (zhòngxià), 飄香／飘香, 皋月, 鬱月／郁月, 午 (wǔ)

Derived terms

Japanese

Etymology 1
Kanji in this term
五 月
ご
Grade: 1		 がつ
Grade: 1
goon
Alternative spelling
5月

Compound of Middle Chinese-derived elements 五 (go, “five, fifth”) +‎ 月 (gatsu, “month”).

Pronunciation

Noun

五(ご)月(がつ) • (gogatsu) ←ごぐわつ (gogwatu)?

  1. May
Synonyms

See also

Etymology 2
Kanji in this term
五 月
さ
Grade: 1		 つき
Grade: 1
irregular kun’yomi
Alternative spellings
皐月 (uncommon)
早月 (rare)
五月 (satsuki): the Japanese azalea, Rhododendron indicum

Explained in some sources[4] as a possible contraction of 早苗月 (sanaezuki, another old name for the month of May). However, the initial sa- element appears in many ancient terms relating to the rice plant,[5] making it more likely that the sa- in satsuki is not a contraction. Some sources[5] thus list satsuki instead as a compound of さ (sa, ancient word relating to rice, here referring to the planting season) +‎ 月 (tsuki, “moon; month”).

Pronunciation

Noun

五(さ)月(つき) or 五月(サツキ) • (satsuki) 

  1. (archaic) the fifth month of the lunar calendar
    Synonym: 早苗月 (sanaezuki)
  2. (poetic) May
    Synonym: 五月 (gogatsu) (see above)
  3. (botany) Rhododendron indicum, a kind of azalea native to Japan (so named because it usually blooms in May)

Coordinate terms: 睦月, 如月, 弥生, 卯月, 皐月, 水無月, 文月, 葉月, 長月, 神無月, 霜月, 師走

Usage notes

As with many terms that name organisms, this term is often spelled in katakana, especially in biological contexts (where katakana is customary), as サツキ. When spelled in kanji, the azalea sense may be more often spelled as 皐月.

The term gogatsu is the most common term for the month of May in modern Japanese. The synonyms satsuki and sanaezuki are archaic and may be used in historical or poetic contexts.

Etymology 3
Kanji in this term
五 月
い
Grade: 1		 つき
Grade: 1
kun’yomi

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): [it͡sɨᵝkʲi]

Proper noun

五(い)月(つき) • (Itsuki) 

  1. a female given name

References
  1. NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK Publishing, →ISBN
  2. Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  3. Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  4. 1984, 日本大百科全書：ニッポニカ (Nippon Dai Hyakka Zensho: Nipponica, “Encyclopedia Nipponica”) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, relevant text online here.
  5. Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN

Korean
Hanja in this term
五月

Noun

五月 • (owol) (hangeul 오월)

  1. Hanja form? of 오월 (“the fifth month”).
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