こし

See also: こじ, ごし, and ごじ

Japanese

Etymology 1
Alternative spelling
腰

From Old Japanese. First appears in the Kojiki of 712 CE.[1] In turn from Proto-Japonic *kəsi.

Pronunciation

Noun

こし or コシ • (koshi) 

  1. the waist, the (lower) back, the small of the back
  2. (anatomy) the lumbar region
  3. the skirting of a shoji
  4. the third line of a waka or tanka poem (from the way that the next two lines are longer, similar to the way the body gets wider at the hips)
  5. (of food) chewiness; springiness
    コシのある蕎(そ)麦(ば)
    koshi no aru soba
    springy soba
Derived terms
See also

Etymology 2
Alternative spelling
輿
輿 (koshi): a palanquin used by an imperial reenactor during a matsuri.

First cited to The Tale of the Bamboo Cutter in the late-800s, early 900s.[1] Further derivation uncertain. May be the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of verb 越す (kosu, “to move something from one place to another”).

Pronunciation

Noun

こし • (koshi) 

  1. palanquin, litter

Etymology 3
Alternative spelling
層

From Old Japanese. Cited in the Nihon Shoki of 720 CE.[1]

Theorized to be an extension of the hip sense from the way that upper storeys in older Japanese architecture were usually smaller, resulting in a hipped effect similar to the way that the waist may be narrower than the hips on a person's body.[1]

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): [ko̞ɕi]

Noun

こし • (koshi) 

  1. (rare, possibly obsolete, architecture) a storey
Usage notes

This reading has fallen out of use and been replaced by the Middle Chinese-derived sō reading. See the 層 entry for more.

Etymology 4
Alternative spelling
濃し

Adjective

こし • (koshi) †-ku

  1. classical terminal form of modern adjective 濃い (koi, “thick in consistency; deep in color; rich in flavor”)

Etymology 5
For pronunciation and definitions of こし – see the following entries: 古史, 古址, 古祠, 古詩, 虎子, 虎視, 古紙, 枯死, 雇使, 顧思, 顧視

(The following entries are uncreated: 古史, 古址, 古祠, 古詩, 虎子, 虎視, 古紙, 枯死, 雇使, 顧思, 顧視.)

References
  1. Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  2. Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  3. Yamada, Tadao et al., editors (2011), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Seventh edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
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