ἵλαος

Ancient Greek

Alternative forms

ἵλεως (híleōs) — Attic
ἵλεος (híleos) — Cretan
ἵληϝος (hílēwos) — Laconian
ἴλλᾱος (íllāos) — Aeolic
ἵλαος (hílaos) — Arcadocypriot

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *selh₂- (“mercy, comfort”), with the first vowel borrowed from the reduplicated present stem *si-sl̥h₂-, as in ἱλάσκομαι (hiláskomai), and then further analogically shortened in ἱλαρός (hilarós) and ἱλάειρα (hiláeira). Variation in the second probably analogical after νᾱός (nāós) : νεώς (neṓs), λᾱός (lāós) : λεώς (leṓs).

Cognate with Old Armenian աղաչեմ (ałačʻem, “to pray”), Latin sōlor (“to comfort”), Gothic 𐍃𐌴𐌻𐍃 (sēls, “good, kind”), Icelandic sæll (“happy”), German selig (“overjoyed”), English silly.

Pronunciation

(5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /hǐː.la.os/
(1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ˈ(h)i.la.os/
(4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ˈi.la.os/
(10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ˈi.la.os/
(15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ˈi.la.os/

(5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /hǐː.laː.os/
(1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ˈ(h)i.la.os/
(4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ˈi.la.os/
(10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ˈi.la.os/
(15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ˈi.la.os/

Note: the normally short α is found scanned as long in some instances.

Adjective

ῑ̔́λαος • (hī́laos) m or f (neuter ῑ̔́λαον); second declension

propitious, gracious, merciful
kind, mild, gentle

Inflection

Second declension of ῑ̔́λαος; ῑ̔́λαον (Attic)

Number	Singular		Dual		Plural
Case/Gender	Masculine / Feminine	Neuter	Masculine / Feminine	Neuter	Masculine / Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	ῑ̔́λαος hī́laos	ῑ̔́λαον hī́laon	ῑ̔λάω hīláō	ῑ̔λάω hīláō	ῑ̔́λαοι hī́laoi	ῑ̔́λαᾰ hī́laa
Genitive	ῑ̔λάου hīláou	ῑ̔λάου hīláou	ῑ̔λάοιν hīláoin	ῑ̔λάοιν hīláoin	ῑ̔λάων hīláōn	ῑ̔λάων hīláōn
Dative	ῑ̔λάῳ hīláōi	ῑ̔λάῳ hīláōi	ῑ̔λάοιν hīláoin	ῑ̔λάοιν hīláoin	ῑ̔λάοις hīláois	ῑ̔λάοις hīláois
Accusative	ῑ̔́λαον hī́laon	ῑ̔́λαον hī́laon	ῑ̔λάω hīláō	ῑ̔λάω hīláō	ῑ̔λάους hīláous	ῑ̔́λαᾰ hī́laa
Vocative	ῑ̔́λαε hī́lae	ῑ̔́λαον hī́laon	ῑ̔λάω hīláō	ῑ̔λάω hīláō	ῑ̔́λαοι hī́laoi	ῑ̔́λαᾰ hī́laa
Derived forms	Adverb		Comparative		Superlative
Derived forms	ῑ̔λάως hīláōs		ῑ̔λαότερος hīlaóteros		ῑ̔λαότᾰτος hīlaótatos
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Derived terms

ἵλαθι (hílathi)
ἱλαρός (hilarós)
ἱλάσκομαι (hiláskomai)

References

“ἵλαος”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
“ἵλαος”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
ἵλαος in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
Bauer, Walter et al. (2001) A Greek–English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, Third edition, Chicago: University of Chicago Press
ἵλαος in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
“ἵλαος”, in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter

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