ἱλάσκομαι

Ancient Greek

Alternative forms

ῐ̔λᾰ́ομαι (hiláomai) — Epic

Etymology

From the reduplicated *si-sl̥h₂-sḱetor, from Proto-Indo-European *selh₂- (“mercy, comfort”). By surface analysis, ῑ̔́λαος (hī́laos, “propitious, gracious”) +‎ -σκω (-skō).

Directly cognate to Old Armenian աղաչեմ (ałačʻem, “to pray”), and further to Latin sōlor (“to comfort”), Gothic 𐍃𐌴𐌻𐍃 (sēls, “good, kind”), Icelandic sæll (“happy”), German selig (“overjoyed”), English silly.

Pronunciation

(5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /hiː.lás.ko.mai̯/
(1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /(h)iˈlas.ko.mɛ/
(4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /iˈlas.ko.mɛ/
(10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /iˈlas.ko.me/
(15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /iˈlas.ko.me/

Verb

ῑ̔λᾰ́σκομαι • (hīláskomai)

to appease, conciliate, propitiate; to expiate
- 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 5.47
- 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 8.112
- 750 BCE – 650 BCE, Hesiod, Works and Days 338
- 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 1.100
- 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 1.147
- 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 1.386
- 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 1.472
- 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 3.419
- 342 BCE – 290 BCE, Menander, Men at Arbitration 558
- New Testament, Epistle to the Hebrews 2:17
- 522 BCE – 443 BCE, Pindar, Olympian Ode 7.9
- 46 CE – 120 CE, Plutarch, Cato the Younger 61
(passive voice) to be merciful, gracious
- 50 CE – 100 CE, The Gospel of Luke 18:13
- 300 BCE – 200 BCE, Septuagint, 2 Kings 5.18
- 300 BCE – 200 BCE, Septuagint, Exodus 32.14
- 300 BCE – 200 BCE, Septuagint, Psalms 77.38

Inflection

Present: ῑ̔λᾰ́σκομαι

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
middle/ passive	indicative	ῑ̔λᾰ́σκομαι	ῑ̔λᾰ́σκῃ, ῑ̔λᾰ́σκει	ῑ̔λᾰ́σκεται	ῑ̔λᾰ́σκεσθον	ῑ̔λᾰ́σκεσθον	ῑ̔λᾰσκόμεθᾰ	ῑ̔λᾰ́σκεσθε	ῑ̔λᾰ́σκονται
	subjunctive	ῑ̔λᾰ́σκωμαι	ῑ̔λᾰ́σκῃ	ῑ̔λᾰ́σκηται	ῑ̔λᾰ́σκησθον	ῑ̔λᾰ́σκησθον	ῑ̔λᾰσκώμεθᾰ	ῑ̔λᾰ́σκησθε	ῑ̔λᾰ́σκωνται
	optative	ῑ̔λᾰσκοίμην	ῑ̔λᾰ́σκοιο	ῑ̔λᾰ́σκοιτο	ῑ̔λᾰ́σκοισθον	ῑ̔λᾰσκοίσθην	ῑ̔λᾰσκοίμεθᾰ	ῑ̔λᾰ́σκοισθε	ῑ̔λᾰ́σκοιντο
	imperative		ῑ̔λᾰ́σκου	ῑ̔λᾰσκέσθω	ῑ̔λᾰ́σκεσθον	ῑ̔λᾰσκέσθων		ῑ̔λᾰ́σκεσθε	ῑ̔λᾰσκέσθων
						middle/passive
infinitive						ῑ̔λᾰ́σκεσθαι
participle	m					ῑ̔λᾰσκόμενος
	f					ῑ̔λᾰσκομένη
	n					ῑ̔λᾰσκόμενον
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Present: ῑ̔λᾰ́ομαι (Epic, uncontracted)

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
middle/ passive	indicative	ῑ̔λᾰ́ομαι	ῑ̔λᾰ́εαι	ῑ̔λᾰ́εται	ῑ̔λᾰ́εσθον	ῑ̔λᾰ́εσθον	ῑ̔λᾰόμε(σ)θᾰ	ῑ̔λᾰ́εσθε	ῑ̔λᾰ́ονται
	subjunctive	ῑ̔λᾰ́ωμαι	ῑ̔λᾰ́ηαι	ῑ̔λᾰ́ηται	ῑ̔λᾰ́ησθον	ῑ̔λᾰ́ησθον	ῑ̔λᾰώμε(σ)θᾰ	ῑ̔λᾰ́ησθε	ῑ̔λᾰ́ωνται
	optative	ῑ̔λᾰοίμην	ῑ̔λᾰ́οιο	ῑ̔λᾰ́οιτο	ῑ̔λᾰ́οισθον	ῑ̔λᾰοίσθην	ῑ̔λᾰοίμε(σ)θᾰ	ῑ̔λᾰ́οισθε	ῑ̔λᾰοίᾰτο
	imperative		ῑ̔λᾰ́εο	ῑ̔λᾰέσθω	ῑ̔λᾰ́εσθον	ῑ̔λᾰέσθων		ῑ̔λᾰ́εσθε	ῑ̔λᾰέσθων
						middle/passive
infinitive						ῑ̔λᾰ́εσθαι
participle	m					ῑ̔λᾰόμενος
	f					ῑ̔λᾰομένη
	n					ῑ̔λᾰόμενον
Notes:	Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Present: ῑ̔λῶμαι (Epic, contracted)

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
middle/ passive	indicative	ῑ̔λῶμαι	ῑ̔λᾷ	ῑ̔λᾶται	ῑ̔λᾶσθον	ῑ̔λᾶσθον	ῑ̔λώμε(σ)θᾰ	ῑ̔λᾶσθε	ῑ̔λῶνται
	subjunctive	ῑ̔λῶμαι	ῑ̔λᾷ	ῑ̔λᾶται	ῑ̔λᾶσθον	ῑ̔λᾶσθον	ῑ̔λώμε(σ)θᾰ	ῑ̔λᾶσθε	ῑ̔λῶνται
	optative	ῑ̔λῴμην	ῑ̔λῷο	ῑ̔λῷτο	ῑ̔λῷσθον	ῑ̔λῴσθην	ῑ̔λῴμε(σ)θᾰ	ῑ̔λῷσθε	ῑ̔λῴᾰτο
	imperative		ῑ̔λῶ	ῑ̔λᾱ́σθω	ῑ̔λᾶσθον	ῑ̔λᾱ́σθων		ῑ̔λᾶσθε	ῑ̔λᾱ́σθων
						middle/passive
infinitive						ῑ̔λᾶσθαι
participle	m					ῑ̔λώμενος
	f					ῑ̔λωμένη
	n					ῑ̔λώμενον
Notes:	Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Imperfect: ῑ̔λᾰσκόμην

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
middle/ passive	indicative	ῑ̔λᾰσκόμην	ῑ̔λᾰ́σκου	ῑ̔λᾰ́σκετο	ῑ̔λᾰ́σκεσθον	ῑ̔λᾰσκέσθην	ῑ̔λᾰσκόμεθᾰ	ῑ̔λᾰ́σκεσθε	ῑ̔λᾰ́σκοντο
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Future: ῑ̔λᾰ́σομαι, ἱλᾰσθήσομαι

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
middle	indicative	ῑ̔λᾰ́σομαι	ῑ̔λᾰ́σῃ, ῑ̔λᾰ́σει	ῑ̔λᾰ́σεται	ῑ̔λᾰ́σεσθον	ῑ̔λᾰ́σεσθον	ῑ̔λᾰσόμεθᾰ	ῑ̔λᾰ́σεσθε	ῑ̔λᾰ́σονται
middle	optative	ῑ̔λᾰσοίμην	ῑ̔λᾰ́σοιο	ῑ̔λᾰ́σοιτο	ῑ̔λᾰ́σοισθον	ῑ̔λᾰσοίσθην	ῑ̔λᾰσοίμεθᾰ	ῑ̔λᾰ́σοισθε	ῑ̔λᾰ́σοιντο
passive	indicative	ἱλᾰσθήσομαι	ἱλᾰσθήσῃ	ἱλᾰσθήσεται	ἱλᾰσθήσεσθον	ἱλᾰσθήσεσθον	ἱλᾰσθησόμεθᾰ	ἱλᾰσθήσεσθε	ἱλᾰσθήσονται
passive	optative	ἱλᾰσθησοίμην	ἱλᾰσθήσοιο	ἱλᾰσθήσοιτο	ἱλᾰσθήσοισθον	ἱλᾰσθησοίσθην	ἱλᾰσθησοίμεθᾰ	ἱλᾰσθήσοισθε	ἱλᾰσθήσοιντο
					middle		passive
infinitive					ῑ̔λᾰ́σεσθαι		ἱλᾰσθήσεσθαι
participle	m				ῑ̔λᾰσόμενος		ἱλᾰσθησόμενος
	f				ῑ̔λᾰσομένη		ἱλᾰσθησομένη
	n				ῑ̔λᾰσόμενον		ἱλᾰσθησόμενον
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Future: ῑ̔λᾰ́σσομαι (Epic)

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
middle	indicative	ῑ̔λᾰ́σσομαι	ῑ̔λᾰ́σσεαι	ῑ̔λᾰ́σσεται	ῑ̔λᾰ́σσεσθον	ῑ̔λᾰ́σσεσθον	ῑ̔λᾰσσόμε(σ)θᾰ	ῑ̔λᾰ́σσεσθε	ῑ̔λᾰ́σσονται
middle	optative	ῑ̔λᾰσσοίμην	ῑ̔λᾰ́σσοιο	ῑ̔λᾰ́σσοιτο	ῑ̔λᾰ́σσοισθον	ῑ̔λᾰσσοίσθην	ῑ̔λᾰσσοίμε(σ)θᾰ	ῑ̔λᾰ́σσοισθε	ῑ̔λᾰσσοίᾰτο
					middle
infinitive					ῑ̔λᾰ́σσεσθαι
participle	m				ῑ̔λᾰσσόμενος
	f				ῑ̔λᾰσσομένη
	n				ῑ̔λᾰσσόμενον
Notes:	Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Future: ῑ̔λᾰ́ξομαι (Epic)

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
middle	indicative	ῑ̔λᾰ́ξομαι	ῑ̔λᾰ́ξεαι	ῑ̔λᾰ́ξεται	ῑ̔λᾰ́ξεσθον	ῑ̔λᾰ́ξεσθον	ῑ̔λᾰξόμε(σ)θᾰ	ῑ̔λᾰ́ξεσθε	ῑ̔λᾰ́ξονται
middle	optative	ῑ̔λᾰξοίμην	ῑ̔λᾰ́ξοιο	ῑ̔λᾰ́ξοιτο	ῑ̔λᾰ́ξοισθον	ῑ̔λᾰξοίσθην	ῑ̔λᾰξοίμε(σ)θᾰ	ῑ̔λᾰ́ξοισθε	ῑ̔λᾰξοίᾰτο
					middle
infinitive					ῑ̔λᾰ́ξεσθαι
participle	m				ῑ̔λᾰξόμενος
	f				ῑ̔λᾰξομένη
	n				ῑ̔λᾰξόμενον
Notes:	Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Aorist: ῑ̔λᾰσᾰ́μην, ἱλάσθην

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
middle	indicative	ῑ̔λᾰσᾰ́μην	ῑ̔λᾰ́σω	ῑ̔λᾰ́σᾰτο	ῑ̔λᾰ́σᾰσθον	ῑ̔λᾰσᾰ́σθην	ῑ̔λᾰσᾰ́μεθᾰ	ῑ̔λᾰ́σᾰσθε	ῑ̔λᾰ́σᾰντο
	subjunctive	ῑ̔λᾰ́σωμαι	ῑ̔λᾰ́σῃ	ῑ̔λᾰ́σηται	ῑ̔λᾰ́σησθον	ῑ̔λᾰ́σησθον	ῑ̔λᾰσώμεθᾰ	ῑ̔λᾰ́σησθε	ῑ̔λᾰ́σωνται
	optative	ῑ̔λᾰσαίμην	ῑ̔λᾰ́σαιο	ῑ̔λᾰ́σαιτο	ῑ̔λᾰ́σαισθον	ῑ̔λᾰσαίσθην	ῑ̔λᾰσαίμεθᾰ	ῑ̔λᾰ́σαισθε	ῑ̔λᾰ́σαιντο
	imperative		ῑ̔́λᾰσαι	ῑ̔λᾰσᾰ́σθω	ῑ̔λᾰ́σᾰσθον	ῑ̔λᾰσᾰ́σθων		ῑ̔λᾰ́σᾰσθε	ῑ̔λᾰσᾰ́σθων
passive	indicative	ἱλάσθην	ἱλάσθης	ἱλάσθη	ἱλάσθητον	ἱλασθήτην	ἱλάσθημεν	ἱλάσθητε	ἱλάσθησᾰν
	subjunctive	ἱλασθῶ	ἱλασθῇς	ἱλασθῇ	ἱλασθῆτον	ἱλασθῆτον	ἱλασθῶμεν	ἱλασθῆτε	ἱλασθῶσῐ(ν)
	optative	ἱλασθείην	ἱλασθείης	ἱλασθείη	ἱλασθεῖτον, ἱλασθείητον	ἱλασθείτην, ἱλασθειήτην	ἱλασθεῖμεν, ἱλασθείημεν	ἱλασθεῖτε, ἱλασθείητε	ἱλασθεῖεν, ἱλασθείησᾰν
	imperative		ἱλάσθητῐ	ἱλασθήτω	ἱλάσθητον	ἱλασθήτων		ἱλάσθητε	ἱλασθέντων
					middle		passive
infinitive					ῑ̔λᾰ́σᾰσθαι		ἱλασθῆναι
participle	m				ῑ̔λᾰσᾰ́μενος		ἱλασθείς
	f				ῑ̔λᾰσᾰμένη		ἱλασθεῖσᾰ
	n				ῑ̔λᾰσᾰ́μενον		ἱλασθέν
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Aorist: ῑ̔λᾰσσᾰ́μην (Epic)

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
middle	indicative	ῑ̔λᾰσσᾰ́μην	ῑ̔λᾰ́σσᾰο	ῑ̔λᾰ́σσᾰτο	ῑ̔λᾰ́σσᾰσθον	ῑ̔λᾰσσᾰ́σθην	ῑ̔λᾰσσᾰ́με(σ)θᾰ	ῑ̔λᾰ́σσᾰσθε	ῑ̔λᾰ́σσᾰντο
	subjunctive	ῑ̔λᾰ́σσωμαι	ῑ̔λᾰ́σσηαι	ῑ̔λᾰ́σσηται	ῑ̔λᾰ́σσησθον	ῑ̔λᾰ́σσησθον	ῑ̔λᾰσσώμε(σ)θᾰ	ῑ̔λᾰ́σσησθε	ῑ̔λᾰ́σσωνται
	optative	ῑ̔λᾰσσαίμην	ῑ̔λᾰ́σσαιο	ῑ̔λᾰ́σσαιτο	ῑ̔λᾰ́σσαισθον	ῑ̔λᾰσσαίσθην	ῑ̔λᾰσσαίμε(σ)θᾰ	ῑ̔λᾰ́σσαισθε	ῑ̔λᾰσσαίᾰτο
	imperative		ῑ̔́λᾰσσαι	ῑ̔λᾰσσᾰ́σθω	ῑ̔λᾰ́σσᾰσθον	ῑ̔λᾰσσᾰ́σθων		ῑ̔λᾰ́σσᾰσθε	ῑ̔λᾰσσᾰ́σθων
					middle
infinitive					ῑ̔λᾰ́σσᾰσθαι
participle	m				ῑ̔λᾰσσᾰ́μενος
	f				ῑ̔λᾰσσᾰμένη
	n				ῑ̔λᾰσσᾰ́μενον
Notes:	Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Aorist: ῑ̔λᾰξᾰ́μην (Epic)

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
middle	indicative	ῑ̔λᾰξᾰ́μην	ῑ̔λᾰ́ξᾰο	ῑ̔λᾰ́ξᾰτο	ῑ̔λᾰ́ξᾰσθον	ῑ̔λᾰξᾰ́σθην	ῑ̔λᾰξᾰ́με(σ)θᾰ	ῑ̔λᾰ́ξᾰσθε	ῑ̔λᾰ́ξᾰντο
	subjunctive	ῑ̔λᾰ́ξωμαι	ῑ̔λᾰ́ξηαι	ῑ̔λᾰ́ξηται	ῑ̔λᾰ́ξησθον	ῑ̔λᾰ́ξησθον	ῑ̔λᾰξώμε(σ)θᾰ	ῑ̔λᾰ́ξησθε	ῑ̔λᾰ́ξωνται
	optative	ῑ̔λᾰξαίμην	ῑ̔λᾰ́ξαιο	ῑ̔λᾰ́ξαιτο	ῑ̔λᾰ́ξαισθον	ῑ̔λᾰξαίσθην	ῑ̔λᾰξαίμε(σ)θᾰ	ῑ̔λᾰ́ξαισθε	ῑ̔λᾰξαίᾰτο
	imperative		ῑ̔́λᾰξαι	ῑ̔λᾰξᾰ́σθω	ῑ̔λᾰ́ξᾰσθον	ῑ̔λᾰξᾰ́σθων		ῑ̔λᾰ́ξᾰσθε	ῑ̔λᾰξᾰ́σθων
					middle
infinitive					ῑ̔λᾰ́ξᾰσθαι
participle	m				ῑ̔λᾰξᾰ́μενος
	f				ῑ̔λᾰξᾰμένη
	n				ῑ̔λᾰξᾰ́μενον
Notes:	Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Derived terms

ἀφῑλάσκομαι (aphīláskomai)
ἐξῑλάσκομαι (exīláskomai)
προϊλάσκομαι (proïláskomai)

Related terms

ἀνίλᾰστος (anílastos)
ἱλᾰσία (hilasía)
ἱλάσῐμος (hilásimos)
ἵλᾰσμᾰ (hílasma)
ἱλᾰσμός (hilasmós)
ἱλᾰστήριος (hilastḗrios)
ἱλᾰστής (hilastḗs)
ἱλᾰτεύω (hilateúō)
ἱλᾰτήριον (hilatḗrion)
ἱλήκω (hilḗkō)

References

“ἱλάσκομαι”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
“ἱλάσκομαι”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
“ἱλάσκομαι”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
ἱλάσκομαι in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
ἱλάσκομαι in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
“ἱλάσκομαι”, in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
G2433 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible

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