ọkunrin

Yoruba

Etymology

It is proposed to be derived from Proto-Yoruboid *ɔ́-kʊ̃rɪ̃, this form remains the same in Central Yoruba dialects. Cognate with Arigidi ọkọ́ọrẹ. Akinkugbe suggests it may be equivalent to ọkọ (“man”) +‎ ẹni (“person”), compare with obìnrin. The /k/ consonant exists in the roots of many basic male terms, okó (“penis”), akọ (“male”), ọkọ (“husband”)

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /ɔ̄.kũ̀.ɾĩ̄/

Noun

ọkùnrin

  1. man, male
    Synonym: akọ
    Iná niyì ọdẹ, ẹ̀jẹ̀ niyì oògùn; ká rógun má mà sa, òun niyì ọkùnrin ― Just as fire power is the mark of a hunter, so, blood is the mark of a true medicine; and to see a war, and not run away, is the mark of a man (an incantation to invoke bravery)
    'Mo mọ̀ ọ́ tán', ni Orò ó fi ń gbé ọkùnrin ― The conviction that one knows everything is what causes Òrìṣà Orò to carry away a man (proverb against taking danger for granted)
  2. manliness, bravery
    Synonym: ọkàn ọkùnrin
    a gbọ́dọ̀ ṣe bí ọkùnrin lójú ogun ― We must be brave in the battlefield

Synonyms
Yoruba varieties (man, male)
Language Family Variety Group Variety Words
Proto-Itsekiri-SEY Southeast Yoruba Ìjẹ̀bú ọkùnrẹn
Ìkálẹ̀ ọkùnrẹn
Ìlàjẹ ọkọ̀nrẹn
Oǹdó ọkùnẹn
Ọ̀wọ̀ ọkọ̀nrẹn
Usẹn ọkànrẹn
Proto-Yoruba Central Yoruba Èkìtì okùnrin
Ifẹ̀ -
Ìgbómìnà -
Ìjẹ̀ṣà -
Western Àkókó -
Northwest Yoruba Àwórì ọkùnrin
Ẹ̀gbá -
Ìbàdàn ọkùnrin
Òǹkò ọkọ̀nrin, ọkùnrin
Ọ̀yọ́ ọkùnrin
Standard Yorùbá ọkùnrin
Northeast Yoruba/Okun Ìbùnú -
Ìjùmú -
Ìyàgbà ọkùnrin
Owé ọkùnrin
Ọ̀wọ̀rọ̀ -

Coordinate terms

Derived terms
  • ọkàn ọkùnrin (“bravery”)
  • ọmọkùnrin (“boy”)
  • ọ̀dọ́mọkùnrin (“young man, adolescent boy”)
  • ọ̀gá-ilé-ìwé lọ́kùnrin (“headmaster”)
  • ìfẹ́-ọkùnrin-sọ́kùnrin (“homosexuality”)

References
  • Adebayo, Taofeeq SOME DIACHRONIC CHANGES IN YORUBA GRAMMAR , 2020
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