या

See also: यों, यूँ, यी, यो, य, and ये

Braj

Pronoun

या (yā)

  1. oblique of यह (yah)
    Synonym: इहिं (ihĩ)

See also

Hindi

Pronunciation
  • (Delhi Hindi) IPA(key): /jɑː/, [jäː]

Etymology 1

Borrowed from Classical Persian یا (yā).

Conjunction

या • (yā) (Urdu spelling یا)

  1. or
    Synonyms: अथवा (athvā), वा (vā), कि (ki)
    क्या आपको चाय या कॉफ़ी चाहिए?
    kyā āpko cāy yā kŏfī cāhie?
    Would you like tea or coffee?
    कौन बड़ा है, सुमित या सुमन?
    kaun baṛā hai, sumit yā suman?
    Who's bigger, Sumit or Suman?

Etymology 2

Borrowed from Arabic يا (yā).

Interjection

या • (yā) (Urdu spelling یا)

  1. O (vocative particle)
    Synonyms: (more common) अरे (are), हे (he)
    या ख़ुदा, क्या हो गया है!
    yā xudā, kyā ho gayā hai!
    O God, what has happened! (Islam)

Nepali

Pronunciation

Conjunction

या • (yā)

  1. or

Newar

Pronunciation

Postposition

या • (yā) (Newa Spelling 𑐫𑐵)

  1. marks the genitive case: of, belonging to

Pali

Alternative forms
Alternative forms
  • yā (Latin script)
  • 𑀬𑀸 (Brahmi script)
  • যা (Bengali script)
  • යා (Sinhalese script)
  • ယာ or ယႃ (Burmese script)
  • ยา (Thai script)
  • ᨿᩣ (Tai Tham script)
  • ຍາ or ຢາ (Lao script)
  • យា (Khmer script)
  • 𑄠𑄂 (Chakma script)

Pronoun

या f

  1. Devanagari script form of yā (“who”)

Declension
Declension table of "या" (feminine)
Case \ NumberSingularPlural
Nominative (first)या (yā)यायो (yāyo) or या (yā)
Accusative (second)यं (yaṃ)यायो (yāyo) or या (yā)
Instrumental (third)याय (yāya)याहि (yāhi) or याभि (yābhi)
Dative (fourth)याय (yāya) or यस्सा (yassā)यासं (yāsaṃ) or यासानं (yāsānaṃ)
Ablative (fifth)याय (yāya)याहि (yāhi) or याभि (yābhi)
Genitive (sixth)याय (yāya) or यस्सा (yassā)यासं (yāsaṃ) or यासानं (yāsānaṃ)
Locative (seventh)याय (yāya) or यायं (yāyaṃ) or यस्सं (yassaṃ)यासु (yāsu)

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts
Alternative scripts
  • যা (Assamese script)
  • ᬬᬵ (Balinese script)
  • যা (Bengali script)
  • 𑰧𑰯 (Bhaiksuki script)
  • 𑀬𑀸 (Brahmi script)
  • ယာ (Burmese script)
  • યા (Gujarati script)
  • ਯਾ (Gurmukhi script)
  • 𑌯𑌾 (Grantha script)
  • ꦪꦴ (Javanese script)
  • 𑂨𑂰 (Kaithi script)
  • ಯಾ (Kannada script)
  • យា (Khmer script)
  • ຍາ (Lao script)
  • യാ (Malayalam script)
  • ᠶᠠᢇ (Manchu script)
  • 𑘧𑘰 (Modi script)
  • ᠶ᠋ᠠ᠋᠎ᠠ (Mongolian script)
  • 𑧇𑧑 (Nandinagari script)
  • 𑐫𑐵 (Newa script)
  • ଯା (Odia script)
  • ꢫꢵ (Saurashtra script)
  • 𑆪𑆳 (Sharada script)
  • 𑖧𑖯 (Siddham script)
  • යා (Sinhalese script)
  • 𑩻𑩛 (Soyombo script)
  • 𑚣𑚭 (Takri script)
  • யா (Tamil script)
  • యా (Telugu script)
  • ยา (Thai script)
  • ཡཱ (Tibetan script)
  • 𑒨𑒰 (Tirhuta script)
  • 𑨪𑨊 (Zanabazar Square script)

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

From Proto-Indo-European *yeh₂- (“to go”).

Root

या • (yā)

  1. to go, proceed, move, walk, set out, march, advance, travel, journey
  2. to go away, withdraw, retire
  3. to flee, escape
  4. to go towards or against, go or come to, enter, approach, arrive at, reach
  5. to go to a woman for sexual intercourse
  6. to go to for any purpose
  7. to extend to
  8. to last for
  9. to pass away, elapse (said of time)
  10. to vanish, disappear (as wealth)
  11. to come to pass, prosper, succeed
  12. to proceed, behave, act
  13. to find out, discover
  14. to receive or learn (a science) from
  15. to undertake, undergo
Derived terms
  • अयान् (ayān)
  • अयासम् (ayāsam)
  • अयासिषम् (ayāsiṣam)
  • अयीयपत् (ayīyapat)
  • अयुः (ayuḥ)
  • ईयायते (īyāyate)
  • यय (yaya)
  • ययाथ (yayātha)
  • ययुः (yayuḥ)
  • यये (yaye)
  • ययौ (yayau)
  • यातवे (yātave)
  • यातवै (yātavai)
  • याता (yātā)
  • याति (yāti)
  • यातु (yātu)
  • यातुम् (yātum)
  • यात्वा (yātvā)
  • यापयति (yāpayati)
  • यामहे (yāmahe)
  • यायते (yāyate)
  • याययते (yāyayate)
  • यायाति (yāyāti)
  • यायेति (yāyeti)
  • यासत् (yāsat)
  • यासिषत् (yāsiṣat)
  • यासिषीष्ठास् (yāsiṣīṣṭhās)
  • यास्यति (yāsyati)
  • यास्यते (yāsyate)
  • यियासति (yiyāsati)
  • येषम् (yeṣam)
  • यै (yai)

Noun

या • (yā) stem, f

  1. going
  2. a car
  3. restraining
  4. religious meditation
  5. attaining
  6. pudendum muliebre
Declension
Feminine ā-stem declension of या (yā)
Singular Dual Plural
Nominative याः
yāḥ		 यौ / या¹
yau / yā¹		 याः
yāḥ
Vocative याः
yāḥ		 यौ / या¹
yau / yā¹		 याः
yāḥ
Accusative याम्
yām		 यौ / या¹
yau / yā¹		 याः / यः²
yāḥ / yaḥ²
Instrumental या
yā		 याभ्याम्
yābhyām		 याभिः
yābhiḥ
Dative ये
ye		 याभ्याम्
yābhyām		 याभ्यः
yābhyaḥ
Ablative यः
yaḥ		 याभ्याम्
yābhyām		 याभ्यः
yābhyaḥ
Genitive यः
yaḥ		 योः
yoḥ		 यानाम् / याम्²
yānām / yām²
Locative यि
yi		 योः
yoḥ		 यासु
yāsu
Notes
  • ¹Vedic
  • ²Perhaps

Etymology 2

From Proto-Indo-European *yeh₂- (“to beg, request”). Cognate with Tocharian B yāsk- (“to beg”), Ancient Greek ζῆλος (zêlos, “zeal, ardor”), Old Irish áilid (“wishes strongly, implores”). याच् (yāc) is likely an enlargement of the root.

Root

या • (yā)

  1. to go to for any request, implore, solicit
Derived terms
  • अवया (avayā)
  • अवयान (avayāna)
  • इयान (iyāna)
  • यामन् (yāman)
  • यासीष्ट (yāsīṣṭa)

References
  • Monier Williams (1899) “या”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, pages 838/2, 849/1.
  • Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎ (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, pages 407-408
  • Lubotsky, Alexander (2011) The Indo-Aryan Inherited Lexicon (in progress) (Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Project), Leiden University, pages 617-8
  • Cheung, Johnny (2007) Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 210
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