मत्स्य

Hindi

Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit मत्स्य (mátsya), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *mátsyas.

Pronunciation

(Delhi Hindi) IPA^(key): /mət̪.sjᵊ/, [mɐt̪.sjᵊ]

Noun

मत्स्य • (matsya) m (Urdu spelling متسیہ)

(formal) fish
Synonyms: माही (māhī), मछली (machlī)
(Hinduism) the first of ten avatars of the god Vishnu who appeared in the form of a fish

Declension

Declension of मत्स्य (masc cons-stem)

	singular	plural
direct	मत्स्य matsya	मत्स्य matsya
oblique	मत्स्य matsya	मत्स्यों matsyõ
vocative	मत्स्य matsya	मत्स्यो matsyo

Derived terms

मत्स्य पालन (matsya pālan, “fishing”)
मत्स्यांगना (matsyāṅgnā, “mermaid”)

References

McGregor, Ronald Stuart (1993) “मत्स्य”, in The Oxford Hindi-English Dictionary, London: Oxford University Press

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

মত্স্য (Assamese script)
ᬫᬢ᭄ᬲ᭄ᬬ (Balinese script)
মত্স্য (Bengali script)
𑰦𑰝𑰿𑰭𑰿𑰧 (Bhaiksuki script)
𑀫𑀢𑁆𑀲𑁆𑀬 (Brahmi script)
မတ္သျ (Burmese script)
મત્સ્ય (Gujarati script)
ਮਤ੍ਸ੍ਯ (Gurmukhi script)
𑌮𑌤𑍍𑌸𑍍𑌯 (Grantha script)
ꦩꦠ꧀ꦱꦾ (Javanese script)
𑂧𑂞𑂹𑂮𑂹𑂨 (Kaithi script)
ಮತ್ಸ್ಯ (Kannada script)
មត្ស្យ (Khmer script)
ມຕ຺ສ຺ຍ (Lao script)
മത്സ്യ (Malayalam script)
ᠮᠠᢠᠰ᠌ᠶᠠ (Manchu script)
𑘦𑘝𑘿𑘭𑘿𑘧 (Modi script)
ᠮᠠᢐᠰᠶ᠎ᠠ (Mongolian script)
𑧆𑦽𑧠𑧍𑧠𑧇 (Nandinagari script)
𑐩𑐟𑑂𑐳𑑂𑐫 (Newa script)
ମତ୍ସ୍ଯ (Odia script)
ꢪꢡ꣄ꢱ꣄ꢫ (Saurashtra script)
𑆩𑆠𑇀𑆱𑇀𑆪 (Sharada script)
𑖦𑖝𑖿𑖭𑖿𑖧 (Siddham script)
මත‍්ස්‍ය (Sinhalese script)
𑩴𑩫 𑪙𑪁 𑪙𑩻 (Soyombo script)
𑚢𑚙𑚶𑚨𑚶𑚣 (Takri script)
மத்ஸ்ய (Tamil script)
మత్స్య (Telugu script)
มตฺสฺย (Thai script)
མ་ཏྶྱ (Tibetan script)
𑒧𑒞𑓂𑒮𑓂𑒨 (Tirhuta script)
𑨢𑨙𑩇𑨰𑩇𑨪 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *mátsyas (“fish”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬨𐬀𐬯𐬌𐬌𐬀 (masiia), Persian (mâhi).

Pronunciation

(Vedic) IPA^(key): /mɐ́t.sjɐ/
(Classical) IPA^(key): /ˈmɐt̪.s̪jɐ/

Noun

मत्स्य • (mátsya) stem, m

a fish
अपि त्वम् मत्स्यं खादितुम् इच्छसि?
api tvam matsyaṃ khāditum icchasi?
Would you like to eat this fish?
- c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda 7.18.6:
  पुरोळा इत्तुर्वशो यक्षुरासीद्राये मत्स्यासो निशिता अपीव ।
  puroḷā́ ítturváśo yákṣurāsīdrāyé mátsyāso níśitā ápīva
  Eager for spoil was Turvaśa Purodas, fain to win wealth, like fishes urged by hunger.
(Hinduism) the first of ten avatars of the god Vishnu who appeared in the form of a fish

Proper noun

मत्स्य • (mátsya) m

an ancient Indo-Aryan tribe of central South Asia whose existence is attested during the Iron Age.

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of मत्स्य (mátsya)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	मत्स्यः mátsyaḥ	मत्स्यौ / मत्स्या¹ mátsyau / mátsyā¹	मत्स्याः / मत्स्यासः¹ mátsyāḥ / mátsyāsaḥ¹
Vocative	मत्स्य mátsya	मत्स्यौ / मत्स्या¹ mátsyau / mátsyā¹	मत्स्याः / मत्स्यासः¹ mátsyāḥ / mátsyāsaḥ¹
Accusative	मत्स्यम् mátsyam	मत्स्यौ / मत्स्या¹ mátsyau / mátsyā¹	मत्स्यान् mátsyān
Instrumental	मत्स्येन mátsyena	मत्स्याभ्याम् mátsyābhyām	मत्स्यैः / मत्स्येभिः¹ mátsyaiḥ / mátsyebhiḥ¹
Dative	मत्स्याय mátsyāya	मत्स्याभ्याम् mátsyābhyām	मत्स्येभ्यः mátsyebhyaḥ
Ablative	मत्स्यात् mátsyāt	मत्स्याभ्याम् mátsyābhyām	मत्स्येभ्यः mátsyebhyaḥ
Genitive	मत्स्यस्य mátsyasya	मत्स्ययोः mátsyayoḥ	मत्स्यानाम् mátsyānām
Locative	मत्स्ये mátsye	मत्स्ययोः mátsyayoḥ	मत्स्येषु mátsyeṣu
Notes	¹Vedic

Derived terms

मत्स्यक (matsyaka) (diminutive)
- Ashokan Prakrit: *𑀫𑀘𑁆𑀙-𑀓 (*maccha-ka)
  - Maharastri Prakrit: *𑀫𑀘𑁆𑀙-𑀅 (*maccha-a)
    - Old Marathi: 𑘦𑘰𑘭𑘰 (māsā)
      - Marathi: मासा (māsā)
मत्स्यगन्धा (matsyagandhā)

Descendants

Ashokan Prakrit: 𑀫𑀙 (macha /⁠maccha⁠/)
- Ardhamagadhi Prakrit: 𑀫𑀘𑁆𑀙 (maccha)
- Magadhi Prakrit: 𑀫𑀰𑁆𑀘 (maśca)
  - Assamese: মাছ (mas)
  - Bengali: মাছ (mach)
  - Chakma: 𑄟𑄌𑄴 (māc)
  - Odia: ମାଛ (machô)
  - Rohingya: mas
  - Sylheti: ꠝꠣꠍ (masó)
- Khasa Prakrit:
  - Nepali: माछा (māchā)
- Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀫𑀘𑁆𑀙 (maccha)
  - Hindustani: macch
    Hindi: मच्छ
    Urdu: مَچھ
  - Old Marathi: 𑘦𑘔 (macha), 𑘦𑘓𑘿𑘔 (maccha)
- Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀫𑀘𑁆𑀙 (maccha)
  - Hindustani:
    Hindi: मच्छ (macch)
    Urdu: مچھ (macch)
  - Romani: maćho
    - Kalo Finnish Romani: matšo
    - Traveller Norwegian: makjo
    - Vlax Romani: maćho, masho
- ⇒ Ashokan Prakrit: *𑀫𑀘𑁆𑀙-𑀇𑀓 f (*maccha-ika)
  - Kholosi: māči
  - Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀫𑀘𑁆𑀙𑀻 (macchī)
    - Hindustani:
      Hindi: मच्छी (macchī)
      
      Urdu: مچھی (macchī)
    - Kachchi: મછી (machī)
    - Punjabi: ਮੱਛੀ (macchī) / مَچھّی (machhī)
    - Sindhi: مڇِي / मछी
- ⇒ Ashokan Prakrit: *𑀫𑀘𑁆𑀙-𑀮𑀻 f (*maccha-lī)
  - Ardhamagadhi Prakrit:
    - Awadhi: मछरी (machrī)
  - Magadhi Prakrit: 𑀫𑀰𑁆𑀘𑀮𑀻 (maścalī)
    - Bhojpuri: मछरी (machᵊrī)
  - Maharastri Prakrit:
    - Konkani: मासोळी (māsoḷī)
  - Sauraseni Prakrit:
    - Gujarati: માછલી (māchlī)
    - Hindustani:
      Hindi: मछली (machlī)
      
      Urdu: مچھلی (machlī)
Dardic:
- Kalasha: matshí
- Khowar: مَڅھى (matshí)
Helu Prakrit:
- Dhivehi: މަސް (mas)
- Sinhalese: මාළුවා (māḷuwā)
Pali: maccha
- → Khmer: មច្ឆា (macchaa)
- → Thai: มัจฉะ, มัจฉา (mát-chǎa) (from nom.pl.)
→ English: Matsya
→ Hindi: मत्स्य (matsya)
→ Odia: ମତ୍ସ୍ଯ (môtsjô)
→ Malayalam: മത്സ്യം (matsyaṁ)
→ Tamil: மத்ஸ்யம் (matsyam), மச்சம் (maccam)
→ Telugu: మత్స్యము (matsyamu)
→ Thai: มัตสยา (mát-sà-yǎa)

References

Monier Williams (1899) “मत्स्य”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 776/3.
Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎ (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, pages 297-8

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