گاو
Persian
Etymology
From Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (TWRA /gāw/), from Old Persian 𐎥𐎢 (g-u), from Proto-Iranian *gā́wš, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *gāuš,[1] from Proto-Indo-European *gʷṓws.
Cognate to English cow, Urdu گائے (gāe) / Hindi गाय (gāy), Avestan 𐬔𐬀𐬊 (gao), Ancient Greek βοῦς (boûs), Latin bōs.
Pronunciation
- (Classical Persian) IPA(key): [ɡɑːw]
- (Dari, formal) IPA(key): [ɡɑːw]
- (Kabuli) IPA(key): [ɡäw]
- (Hazaragi) IPA(key): [ɡäw]
- (Iran, formal) IPA(key): [ɡ̥ɒːv]
- (Tajik, formal) IPA(key): [ɡɔw]
| Readings | |
|---|---|
| Classical reading? | gāw |
| Dari reading? | gāw |
| Iranian reading? | gâv |
| Tajik reading? | gov |
- (Iran, some dialects) IPA(key): /ɡow/
Noun
| Dari | گاو |
|---|---|
| Iranian Persian | |
| Tajik | гов |
گاو • (gâv) (plural گاوها (gâv-hâ))
- cow, bull, cattle
- c. 1260, Rumi, “5:3500”, in The Masnavi:
- او اگر دیوانه است و فتنهکاو، داروی دیوانه باشد کیر گاو.
- u agar divâne ast o fetne-kâv, dâru-ye divâne bâšad kir-e gâv.
- If he is mad and bent on mischief, the cure for a madman is an ox-hide whip.
- (astronomy) the constellation Taurus
- 1192, Nizami Ganjavi, “Layla and Majnun”, in Khamsa:
- گاو فلکی چو گاو دریا، گوهر بگلو در از ثریا.
- gâv-e falaki čo gâv-e daryâ, gowhar be-galu dorr az sorayyâ.
- the celestial Bull, like the cow of the sea, has on its neck gems, and pearls from the Pleiades.
Derived terms
- آبله گاوی (âble-ye gâvi, “cowpox”)
- گاوآهن (gâv-âhan, “plow”)
- گاو چران (gâv čarân, “cowherd”)
- گاو چشم (gâv češm, “big eyes”)
- گاو دریایی (gâv-e daryâyi, “manatee”)
- گاو دوش (gâv duš, “milking vessel”)
- گاو زبان (gâv zabân, “Echium plant”)
- گاوسر (gâvsar, literally “kind of mace weapon”)
- گاومیش (gâvmêš, “buffalo”)
- گاوی (gâvi, “bovine”)
Descendants
- → Urdu: گاو (gāv, gāo)
References
- Benjamin W. Fortson IV (2010) “Indo-Iranian I: Indic”, in Indo-European Language and Culture: An Introduction, 2nd edition, page 203
Further reading
- Dehkhoda, Ali-Akbar (1931–) “گاو”, in Dehkhoda Dictionary Institute, editors, Dehkhoda Dictionary (in Persian), Tehran: University of Tehran Press
Urdu
Etymology
From Classical Persian گاو (gāw, “cow”), from Middle Persian [script needed] (TWRA /gāw/), from Old Persian [Term?] (/gaua/), from Proto-Iranian *gā́wš, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *gāuš (“cow”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *gʷṓws (“cow, cattle”).
Cognate with Pashto غوا (ǧwâ), Punjabi گاں (gāṉ), Kashmiri گاو (gāv), Wakhi ږوْؤ (ɣɨu), Yagnobi ғов (γow), Bactrian γαοι (gāw), Khotanese 𐨒𐨂𐨌𐨱𐨌 (gūhā), and Avestan 𐬔𐬀𐬊 (gao).
Pronunciation
- (Standard Urdu) IPA(key): /ɡɑːʋ/, /ɡɑː.oː/
Declension
| Declension of گاو | ||
|---|---|---|
| singular | plural | |
| direct | گاو (gāv) | گاویں (gāvẽ) |
| oblique | گاو (gāv) | گاووں (gāvõ) |
| vocative | گاو (gāv) | گاوو (gāvo) |
Derived terms
- گاو پَرواری (gāv-parvārī, “fostering cattle, taking care of cattle”)
- گاوا گھی (gāvā-ghī, “cow ghee”)
- گَہْوارَہ (gāhávārah, “cradle, place of origin, place of birth”)
- گہوارہ جنبانی (gāhávārah-e-junbānī, “rocking cradle”)
- گاؤ کُشی (gāv-kušī, “cow-slaughter, cow-sacrifice”)
- گاوا گوشْت (gāvā-gošt, “beef, cow-meat”)
- گاو خانَہ (gāv-xānah, “cowshed, cattle-pound”)
- گاو پُشْت (gāv-pušt, “sloping like a cow's back, (metaphorically) the sky”)
- گاو پَیکَر (gāv-paikar, “bull-figured, one with a mighty build”)
- گاو زور (gāv-zōr, “powerful, mighty”)
- گاو خورد (gāv-xurd, “destroyed, ruinous, ruined”)
- گاوزوری (gāvzorī, “violence, brutality, wrestling”)
- گاو چَشْم (gāv-čašám, “large-eyed”)
- گاو تَکِیَہ (gāv-takīya, “a long cylindrical pillow”)
- گاو دُم (gāv-dum, “cow-tail, anything thick on one end and thin on the other, slippery, sloping”)
- گاو دَبی (gāv-dabī, “mindless, simpleton”)