قان
See also: فان
Arabic
Etymology 1
From the root ق ي ن (q-y-n), or denominal verb of قَيْن (qayn, “smith”), an ur-Semitic noun.
Verb
قَانَ • (qāna) I, non-past يَقِينُ (yaqīnu)
Conjugation
Conjugation of
قَانَ
(form-I hollow, verbal noun قَيْن)| verbal noun الْمَصْدَر |
qayn | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل |
قَائِن qāʔin | |||||||||||
| passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول |
مَقِين maqīn | |||||||||||
| active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم | ||||||||||||
| singular الْمُفْرَد |
dual الْمُثَنَّى |
plural الْجَمْع | ||||||||||
| 1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب | |||||
| past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي |
m | qintu |
qinta |
qāna |
قِنْتُمَا qintumā |
قَانَا qānā |
qinnā |
قِنْتُمْ qintum |
قَانُوا qānū | |||
| f | qinti |
qānat |
قَانَتَا qānatā |
قِنْتُنَّ qintunna |
qinna | |||||||
| non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع |
m | أَقِينُ ʔaqīnu |
taqīnu |
yaqīnu |
تَقِينَانِ taqīnāni |
يَقِينَانِ yaqīnāni |
نَقِينُ naqīnu |
تَقِينُونَ taqīnūna |
يَقِينُونَ yaqīnūna | |||
| f | تَقِينِينَ taqīnīna |
taqīnu |
تَقِينَانِ taqīnāni |
taqinna |
يَقِنَّ yaqinna | |||||||
| subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب |
m | أَقِينَ ʔaqīna |
taqīna |
yaqīna |
تَقِينَا taqīnā |
yaqīnā |
نَقِينَ naqīna |
تَقِينُوا taqīnū |
يَقِينُوا yaqīnū | |||
| f | تَقِينِي taqīnī |
taqīna |
تَقِينَا taqīnā |
taqinna |
يَقِنَّ yaqinna | |||||||
| jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم |
m | أَقِنْ ʔaqin |
taqin |
يَقِنْ yaqin |
تَقِينَا taqīnā |
yaqīnā |
نَقِنْ naqin |
تَقِينُوا taqīnū |
يَقِينُوا yaqīnū | |||
| f | تَقِينِي taqīnī |
taqin |
تَقِينَا taqīnā |
taqinna |
يَقِنَّ yaqinna | |||||||
| imperative الْأَمْر |
m | qin |
قِينَا qīnā |
قِينُوا qīnū |
||||||||
| f | قِينِي qīnī |
qinna | ||||||||||
| passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول | ||||||||||||
| singular الْمُفْرَد |
dual الْمُثَنَّى |
plural الْجَمْع | ||||||||||
| 1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب | |||||
| past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي |
m | qintu |
qinta |
qīna |
قِنْتُمَا qintumā |
قِينَا qīnā |
qinnā |
قِنْتُمْ qintum |
قِينُوا qīnū | |||
| f | qinti |
قِينَتْ qīnat |
قِينَتَا qīnatā |
قِنْتُنَّ qintunna |
qinna | |||||||
| non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع |
m | أُقَانُ ʔuqānu |
تُقَانُ tuqānu |
يُقَانُ yuqānu |
تُقَانَانِ tuqānāni |
يُقَانَانِ yuqānāni |
نُقَانُ nuqānu |
تُقَانُونَ tuqānūna |
يُقَانُونَ yuqānūna | |||
| f | تُقَانِينَ tuqānīna |
تُقَانُ tuqānu |
تُقَانَانِ tuqānāni |
tuqanna |
يُقَنَّ yuqanna | |||||||
| subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب |
m | أُقَانَ ʔuqāna |
تُقَانَ tuqāna |
يُقَانَ yuqāna |
تُقَانَا tuqānā |
يُقَانَا yuqānā |
نُقَانَ nuqāna |
تُقَانُوا tuqānū |
يُقَانُوا yuqānū | |||
| f | تُقَانِي tuqānī |
تُقَانَ tuqāna |
تُقَانَا tuqānā |
tuqanna |
يُقَنَّ yuqanna | |||||||
| jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم |
m | أُقَنْ ʔuqan |
tuqan |
يُقَنْ yuqan |
تُقَانَا tuqānā |
يُقَانَا yuqānā |
نُقَنْ nuqan |
تُقَانُوا tuqānū |
يُقَانُوا yuqānū | |||
| f | تُقَانِي tuqānī |
tuqan |
تُقَانَا tuqānā |
tuqanna |
يُقَنَّ yuqanna | |||||||
Declension
Declension of noun قَان (qān)
Etymology 3
Derived from the active participle of قَنَا (qanā, “to reach out to, to acquire”).
Declension
Declension of noun قانٍ (qānin)
| Singular | singular triptote in ـٍ (-in) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
| Informal | قانِي qānī |
الْقانِي al-qānī |
قانِي qānī |
| Nominative | قانٍ qānin |
الْقانِي al-qānī |
قانِي qānī |
| Accusative | قانِيًا qāniyan |
الْقانِيَ al-qāniya |
قانِيَ qāniya |
| Genitive | قانٍ qānin |
الْقانِي al-qānī |
قانِي qānī |
| Dual | Indefinite | Definite | Construct |
| Informal | قانِيَيْن qāniyayn |
الْقانِيَيْن al-qāniyayn |
قانِيَيْ qāniyay |
| Nominative | قانِيَانِ qāniyāni |
الْقانِيَانِ al-qāniyāni |
قانِيَا qāniyā |
| Accusative | قانِيَيْنِ qāniyayni |
الْقانِيَيْنِ al-qāniyayni |
قانِيَيْ qāniyay |
| Genitive | قانِيَيْنِ qāniyayni |
الْقانِيَيْنِ al-qāniyayni |
قانِيَيْ qāniyay |
| Plural | broken plural triptote in ـَة (-a) | ||
| Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
| Informal | قَانِيَة qāniya |
الْقَانِيَة al-qāniya |
قَانِيَة qāniyat |
| Nominative | قَانِيَةٌ qāniyatun |
الْقَانِيَةُ al-qāniyatu |
قَانِيَةُ qāniyatu |
| Accusative | قَانِيَةً qāniyatan |
الْقَانِيَةَ al-qāniyata |
قَانِيَةَ qāniyata |
| Genitive | قَانِيَةٍ qāniyatin |
الْقَانِيَةِ al-qāniyati |
قَانِيَةِ qāniyati |
Etymology 4
Apparently borrowed from Khorezmian Turkic, from Proto-Turkic *kiān (“blood”).
Noun
قَان • (qān) m
- (obsolete, only genitive attribute of أَحْمَر (ʔaḥmar, “red”)) blood
- 975–997, محمد بن أحمد الخوارزمي [muḥammad ibn ʕaḥmad al-ḵwārizmī], edited by Gerlof van Vloten, مفاتيح العلوم [mafātīḥ al-ʕulūm], Leiden: E. J. Brill, published 1895, pages 169 line 12–170 line 2:
- الَوْرْس يجلب من اليمن أحمر قانٍ يوجد على قشور شجر ينحت منها ويجمع وهو شبيه بالزعفران المسحوق
- Wars is imported from Yemen, blood-red, produces a tree-rind hewn out and collected and it is similar to brayed saffron.
Declension
Declension of noun أَحْمَر قَان (ʔaḥmar qān)
| Singular | basic singular diptote | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
| Informal | — | أَحْمَر قَان ʔaḥmar qān |
— |
| Nominative | — | أَحْمَرُ قَانٍ ʔaḥmaru qānin |
— |
| Accusative | — | أَحْمَرَ قَانٍ ʔaḥmara qānin |
— |
| Genitive | — | أَحْمَرِ قَانٍ ʔaḥmari qānin |
— |
Etymology 5
Unknown, probably an Old South Arabian borrowing, possibly related to قَنَا (qanā), قَنَى (qanā, “to acquire, to obtain”), or to قَنَاة (qanāh, “spear”).
Noun
قَان • (qān) m (collective, singulative قَانَة f (qāna))
- (obsolete, Tihāma) a kind of hardwood tree from which bows are made
- a. 869, الْجَاحِظ [al-jāḥiẓ], “باب ما يُجلب من البلدان من طرائف السلع والأمتعة والجواري والأحجار وغير ذلك [What one imports from strange countries in items, commodities, she-slaves, stones and else.]”, in التَبَصُّر بِٱلتِّجَارَة [at-tabaṣṣur bi-t-tijāra]:
- ومن أرض العرب: الخيل العِراب والنَّعَام والنَّجائب والقانة والأَدَم.
- From the Arabian lands one gets: Pure-bred horses, ostrichs, female Arabian camels, the qāna, and tanned hides.
Declension
Declension of noun قَان (qān)
| Collective | basic collective triptote | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
| Informal | قَان qān |
الْقَان al-qān |
قَان qān |
| Nominative | قَانٌ qānun |
الْقَانُ al-qānu |
قَانُ qānu |
| Accusative | قَانًا qānan |
الْقَانَ al-qāna |
قَانَ qāna |
| Genitive | قَانٍ qānin |
الْقَانِ al-qāni |
قَانِ qāni |
| Singulative | singulative triptote in ـَة (-a) | ||
| Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
| Informal | قَانَة qāna |
الْقَانَة al-qāna |
قَانَة qānat |
| Nominative | قَانَةٌ qānatun |
الْقَانَةُ al-qānatu |
قَانَةُ qānatu |
| Accusative | قَانَةً qānatan |
الْقَانَةَ al-qānata |
قَانَةَ qānata |
| Genitive | قَانَةٍ qānatin |
الْقَانَةِ al-qānati |
قَانَةِ qānati |
| Dual | Indefinite | Definite | Construct |
| Informal | قَانَتَيْن qānatayn |
الْقَانَتَيْن al-qānatayn |
قَانَتَيْ qānatay |
| Nominative | قَانَتَانِ qānatāni |
الْقَانَتَانِ al-qānatāni |
قَانَتَا qānatā |
| Accusative | قَانَتَيْنِ qānatayni |
الْقَانَتَيْنِ al-qānatayni |
قَانَتَيْ qānatay |
| Genitive | قَانَتَيْنِ qānatayni |
الْقَانَتَيْنِ al-qānatayni |
قَانَتَيْ qānatay |
| Paucal (3-10) | sound feminine paucal | ||
| Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
| Informal | قَانَات qānāt |
الْقَانَات al-qānāt |
قَانَات qānāt |
| Nominative | قَانَاتٌ qānātun |
الْقَانَاتُ al-qānātu |
قَانَاتُ qānātu |
| Accusative | قَانَاتٍ qānātin |
الْقَانَاتِ al-qānāti |
قَانَاتِ qānāti |
| Genitive | قَانَاتٍ qānātin |
الْقَانَاتِ al-qānāti |
قَانَاتِ qānāti |
Azerbaijani
Chagatai
Etymology
From Proto-Turkic *kiān (“blood”).
Khalaj
Noun
Kipchak
Etymology
From Proto-Turkic *kiān (“blood”).
Derived terms
- قان آلچی (kan alçı, “lancet”)
Descendants
References
- Houtsma, Martin Theodor (1894) Ein türkisch-arabisches Glossar, nach der Leidener Handschrift herausgegeben und erläutert, Leiden: E. J. Brill, page 86
- Houtsma, Martin Theodor (1894) Ein türkisch-arabisches Glossar, nach der Leidener Handschrift herausgegeben und erläutert, Leiden: E. J. Brill, page 21 (٢١) line 18
Kyrgyz
Ottoman Turkish
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قان
Etymology
Inherited from Proto-Turkic *kiān (“blood”); cognate with Old Turkic 𐰴𐰣 (qan), Azerbaijani qan, Bashkir ҡан (qan), Chuvash юн (jun), Kazakh қан (qan), Kyrgyz кан (kan), Turkmen gan, Uyghur قان (qan), Uzbek qon and Yakut хаан (qaan).
Noun
قان • (kan) (definite accusative قانی (kanı), plural قانلر (kanlar))
- blood, a vital bodily fluid flowing in the bodies of many types of animals
- (by extension) venesection, phlebotomy, the cutting open or exposing a vein
- (by extension) bloodshed, bloodbath, carnage, any slaughter on a large scale
Derived terms
- بورون قانی (burun kanı, “bright scarlet color”)
- قان آرامق (kan aramak, “to seek the death of a person”)
- قان آغلامق (kan ağlamak, “to shed bitter tears”)
- قان آلمق (kan almak, “to take blood”)
- قان ایتمك (kan etmek, “to put to death”)
- قان ترلمك (kan terlemek, “to sweat profusely”)
- قان دوكمك (kan dökmek, “to spill blood”)
- قان دوكیجی (kan dökücü, “bloodthirsty”)
- قان صوجوغی (kan sucuğu, “blood pudding”)
- قان صیچمق (kan sıçmak, “to suffer from dysentery”)
- قان طاشی (kan taşı, “haematite”)
- قان طوتمق (kan tutmak, “to have a stroke of apoplexy”)
- قان قورودان (kan kurudan, “mandrake”)
- قان قورومق (kan kurumak, “for blood, to dry”)
- قان قوصمق (kan kusmak, “to vomit blood”)
- قان چناغی (kan çanağı, “bleeding basin”)
- قان گیتمك (kan gitmek, “to be made miserable with anxiety”)
- قان یوتمق (kan yutmak, “to suffer extremely”)
- قانجی (kancı, “phlebotomist”)
- قانلاتمق (kanlatmak, “to make or let be smeared with blood”)
- قانلامق (kanlamak, “to smear with blood”)
- قانلانمق (kanlanmak, “to become smeared with blood”)
- قانلو (kanlı, “blooded”)
- قانه گیرمك (kana girmek, “to become a murderer”)
- قانی قاینامق (kanı kaynamak, “to be lively”)
Descendants
- Turkish: kan
Further reading
- Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007) “kan1”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), volume 1, Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 2373
- Hindoglu, Artin (1838) “قان”, in Hazine-i lûgat ou dictionnaire abrégé turc-français, Vienna: F. Beck, page 353a
- Kélékian, Diran (1911) “قان”, in Dictionnaire turc-français, Constantinople: Mihran, page 936
- Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1687) “Sanguis”, in Complementum thesauri linguarum orientalium, seu onomasticum latino-turcico-arabico-persicum, simul idem index verborum lexici turcico-arabico-persici, quod latinâ, germanicâ, aliarumque linguarum adjectâ nomenclatione nuper in lucem editum, Vienna, column 1508
- Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1680) “قان”, in Thesaurus linguarum orientalium, Turcicae, Arabicae, Persicae, praecipuas earum opes à Turcis peculiariter usurpatas continens, nimirum Lexicon Turkico-Arabico-Persicum, Vienna, column 3598
- Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “kan”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
- Redhouse, James W. (1890) “قان”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon, Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 1424
Persian
Pronunciation
- (Classical Persian) IPA(key): [qɑːn]
- (Dari, formal) IPA(key): [qɑːn]
- (Kabuli) IPA(key): [qɑːn]
- (Hazaragi) IPA(key): [qɔːn]
- (Iran, formal) IPA(key): [qɒːn]
- (Tajik, formal) IPA(key): [qɔn]
| Readings | |
|---|---|
| Classical reading? | qān |
| Dari reading? | qān |
| Iranian reading? | ğân |
| Tajik reading? | qon |
Uyghur
Alternative forms
- қан (qan) — Cyrillic
Etymology
From Chagatai قان (qan), from Proto-Turkic *kiān (“blood”).
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