فرنگ

Persian

Alternative forms

Etymology

From Old French franc.

First attested in Safarnama of Nasir Khusrow (written in 1045–1052).

Pronunciation
 
  • (Dari, formal) IPA(key): [fä.ɾǽŋɡ]
    • (Kabuli) IPA(key): [fä.ɾǽŋɡ]
    • (Hazaragi) IPA(key): [fä.ɾǽŋɡ̥]

Readings
Classical reading? farang
Dari reading? farang
Iranian reading? farang
Tajik reading? farang

Noun

فرنگ • (farang)

  1. (archaic) Frank, French
  2. (archaic) crusader
    • 1184–1291, Saadi, Golestan
      از صحبت یاران دمشقم ملالتی پدید آمده بود، سر در بیابان قدس نهادم و با حیوانات انس گرفتم تا وقتی که اسیر قید فرنگ شدم و در خندق طرابلس با جهودانم به کارگل داشتند.
      az suhbat-i yârân-i damišqam malâlati padîd âmada bûd, sar dar biyâbân-i quds nahâdam u bâ hayvânât uns giriftam tâ vaqtî ki asîr-i qayd-i farang šudam u dar xandaq-i tarâbulus bâ jahûdânam ba kârgil dâštand.
      I was upset from my Damascene friends and went to the desert of Palestine (...), until I was taken as captive by the Franks/Crusaders and they sent me with Jews as forced labourers to Tripoli, [Lebanon].
  3. (archaic, ethnic slur) European
  4. (archaic) Christian
    • 1141–1209, Nezami
      فرنگ فلسطین و رهبان روم
      پذیرای فرمان مهرش چو موم
      farang-i filistîn u rahbân-i rôm
      pazîrâ-yi farmân-i mihraš ču môm
      (please add an English translation of this quotation)

Synonyms

Derived terms

Descendants
  • → Hindustani:
    Hindi: फ़िरंग (firaṅg)
    Urdu: فرنگ (farang)
  • → Khmer: បារាំង (baarang)
  • → Pashto: فرنګ (farang)
  • → Thai: ฝรั่ง (fà-ràng)

Proper noun

فرنگ • (farang)

  1. (archaic) Francia
    • 1045–1052, Nasir Khusraw, Safarnama
      باجگاهی است آن جا که کشتی های که از اطراف روم و فرنگ و اندلس و مغرب بیاید عشر به سلطان دهند
      bâjgâhê ast ânjâ ki kaštî-hâ'ê ki az atrâf-i rôm u farang u andalus u mağrib biyâyand ušr ba sultân dahand.
      ... there is a place to collect tribute over there through which the ships that come from Rum [Anatolia], Francia, Al-Andalus, and Maghreb pay the tithe [ushr, one-tenth of the earned profit] to the sultan ...
  2. (dated) France
  3. (dated) Western world, especially Europe

Synonyms

References
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