عظم
See also: ع ظ م
Arabic
| Root |
|---|
| ع ظ م (ʕ-ẓ-m) |
Etymology 1
From Proto-Semitic *ʕaṯ̣m-.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ʕaðˤm/
Audio (file)
Noun
عَظْم • (ʕaẓm) m (plural عِظَام (ʕiẓām) or أَعْظُم (ʔaʕẓum))
- bone
- a. 965 CE, Al-Mutanabbi, رَأَيْتُكَ تُوسِعُ ٱلشُّعَرَاءَ نَيْلًا (raʔaytuka tūsiʕu š-šuʕarāʔa naylan):
- رَأَيْتُكَ تُوسِعُ ٱلشُّعَرَاءَ نَيْلًا / حَدِيثَهُمُ ٱلْمُوَلَّدَ وَٱلْقَدِيمَا
فَتُعْطِي مَنْ بَقَى مَالًا جَسِيمًا / وَتُعْطِي مَنْ مَضَى شَرَفًا عَظِيمَا
سَمِعْتُكَ مُنْشِدًا بَيْتَيْ زِيَادٍ / نَشِيدًا مِثْلَ مُنْشِدِهِ كَرِيمَا
فَمَا أَنْكَرْتُ مَوْضِعَهُ وَلَٰكِنْ / غَبَطْتُ بِذَاكَ أَعْظُمَهُ ٱلرَّمِيمَا- raʔaytuka tūsiʕu š-šuʕarāʔa naylan / ḥadīṯahumu l-muwallada wal-qadīmā
fatuʕṭī man baqā mālan jasīman / watuʕṭī man maḍā šarafan ʕaẓīmā
samiʕtuka munšidan baytay ziyādin / našīdan miṯla munšidihi karīmā
famā ʔankartu mawḍiʕahu walākin / ḡabaṭtu biḏāka ʔaʕẓumahu r-ramīmā - (please add an English translation of this quotation)
- raʔaytuka tūsiʕu š-šuʕarāʔa naylan / ḥadīṯahumu l-muwallada wal-qadīmā
Declension
Declension of noun عَظْم (ʕaẓm)
| Singular | basic singular triptote | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
| Informal | عَظْم ʕaẓm |
الْعَظْم al-ʕaẓm |
عَظْم ʕaẓm |
| Nominative | عَظْمٌ ʕaẓmun |
الْعَظْمُ al-ʕaẓmu |
عَظْمُ ʕaẓmu |
| Accusative | عَظْمًا ʕaẓman |
الْعَظْمَ al-ʕaẓma |
عَظْمَ ʕaẓma |
| Genitive | عَظْمٍ ʕaẓmin |
الْعَظْمِ al-ʕaẓmi |
عَظْمِ ʕaẓmi |
| Dual | Indefinite | Definite | Construct |
| Informal | عَظْمَيْن ʕaẓmayn |
الْعَظْمَيْن al-ʕaẓmayn |
عَظْمَيْ ʕaẓmay |
| Nominative | عَظْمَانِ ʕaẓmāni |
الْعَظْمَانِ al-ʕaẓmāni |
عَظْمَا ʕaẓmā |
| Accusative | عَظْمَيْنِ ʕaẓmayni |
الْعَظْمَيْنِ al-ʕaẓmayni |
عَظْمَيْ ʕaẓmay |
| Genitive | عَظْمَيْنِ ʕaẓmayni |
الْعَظْمَيْنِ al-ʕaẓmayni |
عَظْمَيْ ʕaẓmay |
| Plural | basic broken plural triptote | ||
| Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
| Informal | عِظَام; أَعْظُم ʕiẓām; ʔaʕẓum |
الْعِظَام; الْأَعْظُم al-ʕiẓām; al-ʔaʕẓum |
عِظَام; أَعْظُم ʕiẓām; ʔaʕẓum |
| Nominative | عِظَامٌ; أَعْظُمٌ ʕiẓāmun; ʔaʕẓumun |
الْعِظَامُ; الْأَعْظُمُ al-ʕiẓāmu; al-ʔaʕẓumu |
عِظَامُ; أَعْظُمُ ʕiẓāmu; ʔaʕẓumu |
| Accusative | عِظَامًا; أَعْظُمًا ʕiẓāman; ʔaʕẓuman |
الْعِظَامَ; الْأَعْظُمَ al-ʕiẓāma; al-ʔaʕẓuma |
عِظَامَ; أَعْظُمَ ʕiẓāma; ʔaʕẓuma |
| Genitive | عِظَامٍ; أَعْظُمٍ ʕiẓāmin; ʔaʕẓumin |
الْعِظَامِ; الْأَعْظُمِ al-ʕiẓāmi; al-ʔaʕẓumi |
عِظَامِ; أَعْظُمِ ʕiẓāmi; ʔaʕẓumi |
Descendants
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ʕa.ðˤu.ma/
Verb
عَظُمَ • (ʕaẓuma) I, non-past يَعْظُمُ (yaʕẓumu)
- (intransitive) to be great
- إِلٰهِي إِنْ عَظُمَ الذَّنْبُ مِنْ عَبْدِكَ فَلْيَحْسُنِ العَفْوُ مِنْ عِنْدِكَ.
- ʔilāhī ʔin ʕaẓuma aḏ-ḏanbu min ʕabdika falyaḥsuni l-ʕafwu min ʕindika.
- My God if the wrongdoing of your worshipper has gotten great then let your forgiveness be splendid.
Conjugation
Conjugation of
عَظُمَ
(form-I sound, verbal nouns عِظَم or عَظَامَة)| verbal nouns الْمَصَادِر |
عِظَم or عَظَامَة ʕiẓam or ʕaẓāma | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل |
عَاظِم ʕāẓim | |||||||||||
| active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم | ||||||||||||
| singular الْمُفْرَد |
dual الْمُثَنَّى |
plural الْجَمْع | ||||||||||
| 1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب | |||||
| past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي |
m | عَظُمْتُ ʕaẓumtu |
عَظُمْتَ ʕaẓumta |
ʕaẓuma |
عَظُمْتُمَا ʕaẓumtumā |
عَظُمَا ʕaẓumā |
عَظُمْنَا ʕaẓumnā |
عَظُمْتُمْ ʕaẓumtum |
عَظُمُوا ʕaẓumū | |||
| f | عَظُمْتِ ʕaẓumti |
عَظُمَتْ ʕaẓumat |
عَظُمَتَا ʕaẓumatā |
عَظُمْتُنَّ ʕaẓumtunna |
عَظُمْنَ ʕaẓumna | |||||||
| non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع |
m | ʔaʕẓumu |
تَعْظُمُ taʕẓumu |
يَعْظُمُ yaʕẓumu |
تَعْظُمَانِ taʕẓumāni |
يَعْظُمَانِ yaʕẓumāni |
نَعْظُمُ naʕẓumu |
تَعْظُمُونَ taʕẓumūna |
يَعْظُمُونَ yaʕẓumūna | |||
| f | تَعْظُمِينَ taʕẓumīna |
تَعْظُمُ taʕẓumu |
تَعْظُمَانِ taʕẓumāni |
تَعْظُمْنَ taʕẓumna |
يَعْظُمْنَ yaʕẓumna | |||||||
| subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب |
m | ʔaʕẓuma |
تَعْظُمَ taʕẓuma |
يَعْظُمَ yaʕẓuma |
تَعْظُمَا taʕẓumā |
يَعْظُمَا yaʕẓumā |
نَعْظُمَ naʕẓuma |
تَعْظُمُوا taʕẓumū |
يَعْظُمُوا yaʕẓumū | |||
| f | تَعْظُمِي taʕẓumī |
تَعْظُمَ taʕẓuma |
تَعْظُمَا taʕẓumā |
تَعْظُمْنَ taʕẓumna |
يَعْظُمْنَ yaʕẓumna | |||||||
| jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم |
m | ʔaʕẓum |
تَعْظُمْ taʕẓum |
يَعْظُمْ yaʕẓum |
تَعْظُمَا taʕẓumā |
يَعْظُمَا yaʕẓumā |
نَعْظُمْ naʕẓum |
تَعْظُمُوا taʕẓumū |
يَعْظُمُوا yaʕẓumū | |||
| f | تَعْظُمِي taʕẓumī |
تَعْظُمْ taʕẓum |
تَعْظُمَا taʕẓumā |
تَعْظُمْنَ taʕẓumna |
يَعْظُمْنَ yaʕẓumna | |||||||
| imperative الْأَمْر |
m | uʕẓum |
اُعْظُمَا uʕẓumā |
اُعْظُمُوا uʕẓumū |
||||||||
| f | اُعْظُمِي uʕẓumī |
اُعْظُمْنَ uʕẓumna | ||||||||||
Noun
عِظَم or عُظْم • (ʕiẓam or ʕuẓm) m
- verbal noun of عَظُمَ (ʕaẓuma) (form I)
- greatness, magnitude, power
- pomp
- bulk, extent, thickness
- importance
- pride
- crowd, multitude
- (historical, medicine, pathology) enlargement of an organ (in nomenclature of conditions)
- Antonym: تَصَغُّر (taṣaḡḡur)
- عِظَم الكَبِد ― ʕiẓam al-kabid ― hepatomegaly (enlargement of the liver)
Declension
| Singular | basic singular triptote | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
| Informal | عِزَم; عُظْم ʕizam; ʕuẓm |
الْعِزَم; الْعُظْم al-ʕizam; al-ʕuẓm |
عِزَم; عُظْم ʕizam; ʕuẓm |
| Nominative | عِزَمٌ; عُظْمٌ ʕizamun; ʕuẓmun |
الْعِزَمُ; الْعُظْمُ al-ʕizamu; al-ʕuẓmu |
عِزَمُ; عُظْمُ ʕizamu; ʕuẓmu |
| Accusative | عِزَمًا; عُظْمًا ʕizaman; ʕuẓman |
الْعِزَمَ; الْعُظْمَ al-ʕizama; al-ʕuẓma |
عِزَمَ; عُظْمَ ʕizama; ʕuẓma |
| Genitive | عِزَمٍ; عُظْمٍ ʕizamin; ʕuẓmin |
الْعِزَمِ; الْعُظْمِ al-ʕizami; al-ʕuẓmi |
عِزَمِ; عُظْمِ ʕizami; ʕuẓmi |
Etymology 4
Form-II causative of عَظُمَ (ʕaẓuma).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ʕaðˤ.ðˤa.ma/
Conjugation
Conjugation of
عَظَّمَ
(form-II sound)| verbal noun الْمَصْدَر |
taʕẓīm | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل |
muʕaẓẓim | |||||||||||
| passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول |
muʕaẓẓam | |||||||||||
| active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم | ||||||||||||
| singular الْمُفْرَد |
dual الْمُثَنَّى |
plural الْجَمْع | ||||||||||
| 1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب | |||||
| past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي |
m | عَظَّمْتُ ʕaẓẓamtu |
عَظَّمْتَ ʕaẓẓamta |
ʕaẓẓama |
عَظَّمْتُمَا ʕaẓẓamtumā |
عَظَّمَا ʕaẓẓamā |
عَظَّمْنَا ʕaẓẓamnā |
عَظَّمْتُمْ ʕaẓẓamtum |
عَظَّمُوا ʕaẓẓamū | |||
| f | عَظَّمْتِ ʕaẓẓamti |
عَظَّمَتْ ʕaẓẓamat |
عَظَّمَتَا ʕaẓẓamatā |
عَظَّمْتُنَّ ʕaẓẓamtunna |
عَظَّمْنَ ʕaẓẓamna | |||||||
| non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع |
m | ʔuʕaẓẓimu |
تُعَظِّمُ tuʕaẓẓimu |
يُعَظِّمُ yuʕaẓẓimu |
تُعَظِّمَانِ tuʕaẓẓimāni |
يُعَظِّمَانِ yuʕaẓẓimāni |
نُعَظِّمُ nuʕaẓẓimu |
تُعَظِّمُونَ tuʕaẓẓimūna |
يُعَظِّمُونَ yuʕaẓẓimūna | |||
| f | تُعَظِّمِينَ tuʕaẓẓimīna |
تُعَظِّمُ tuʕaẓẓimu |
تُعَظِّمَانِ tuʕaẓẓimāni |
تُعَظِّمْنَ tuʕaẓẓimna |
يُعَظِّمْنَ yuʕaẓẓimna | |||||||
| subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب |
m | ʔuʕaẓẓima |
تُعَظِّمَ tuʕaẓẓima |
يُعَظِّمَ yuʕaẓẓima |
تُعَظِّمَا tuʕaẓẓimā |
يُعَظِّمَا yuʕaẓẓimā |
نُعَظِّمَ nuʕaẓẓima |
تُعَظِّمُوا tuʕaẓẓimū |
يُعَظِّمُوا yuʕaẓẓimū | |||
| f | تُعَظِّمِي tuʕaẓẓimī |
تُعَظِّمَ tuʕaẓẓima |
تُعَظِّمَا tuʕaẓẓimā |
تُعَظِّمْنَ tuʕaẓẓimna |
يُعَظِّمْنَ yuʕaẓẓimna | |||||||
| jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم |
m | ʔuʕaẓẓim |
تُعَظِّمْ tuʕaẓẓim |
يُعَظِّمْ yuʕaẓẓim |
تُعَظِّمَا tuʕaẓẓimā |
يُعَظِّمَا yuʕaẓẓimā |
نُعَظِّمْ nuʕaẓẓim |
تُعَظِّمُوا tuʕaẓẓimū |
يُعَظِّمُوا yuʕaẓẓimū | |||
| f | تُعَظِّمِي tuʕaẓẓimī |
تُعَظِّمْ tuʕaẓẓim |
تُعَظِّمَا tuʕaẓẓimā |
تُعَظِّمْنَ tuʕaẓẓimna |
يُعَظِّمْنَ yuʕaẓẓimna | |||||||
| imperative الْأَمْر |
m | ʕaẓẓim |
عَظِّمَا ʕaẓẓimā |
عَظِّمُوا ʕaẓẓimū |
||||||||
| f | ʕaẓẓimī |
عَظِّمْنَ ʕaẓẓimna | ||||||||||
| passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول | ||||||||||||
| singular الْمُفْرَد |
dual الْمُثَنَّى |
plural الْجَمْع | ||||||||||
| 1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب | |||||
| past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي |
m | عُظِّمْتُ ʕuẓẓimtu |
عُظِّمْتَ ʕuẓẓimta |
ʕuẓẓima |
عُظِّمْتُمَا ʕuẓẓimtumā |
عُظِّمَا ʕuẓẓimā |
عُظِّمْنَا ʕuẓẓimnā |
عُظِّمْتُمْ ʕuẓẓimtum |
عُظِّمُوا ʕuẓẓimū | |||
| f | عُظِّمْتِ ʕuẓẓimti |
عُظِّمَتْ ʕuẓẓimat |
عُظِّمَتَا ʕuẓẓimatā |
عُظِّمْتُنَّ ʕuẓẓimtunna |
عُظِّمْنَ ʕuẓẓimna | |||||||
| non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع |
m | ʔuʕaẓẓamu |
تُعَظَّمُ tuʕaẓẓamu |
يُعَظَّمُ yuʕaẓẓamu |
تُعَظَّمَانِ tuʕaẓẓamāni |
يُعَظَّمَانِ yuʕaẓẓamāni |
نُعَظَّمُ nuʕaẓẓamu |
تُعَظَّمُونَ tuʕaẓẓamūna |
يُعَظَّمُونَ yuʕaẓẓamūna | |||
| f | تُعَظَّمِينَ tuʕaẓẓamīna |
تُعَظَّمُ tuʕaẓẓamu |
تُعَظَّمَانِ tuʕaẓẓamāni |
تُعَظَّمْنَ tuʕaẓẓamna |
يُعَظَّمْنَ yuʕaẓẓamna | |||||||
| subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب |
m | ʔuʕaẓẓama |
تُعَظَّمَ tuʕaẓẓama |
يُعَظَّمَ yuʕaẓẓama |
تُعَظَّمَا tuʕaẓẓamā |
يُعَظَّمَا yuʕaẓẓamā |
نُعَظَّمَ nuʕaẓẓama |
تُعَظَّمُوا tuʕaẓẓamū |
يُعَظَّمُوا yuʕaẓẓamū | |||
| f | تُعَظَّمِي tuʕaẓẓamī |
تُعَظَّمَ tuʕaẓẓama |
تُعَظَّمَا tuʕaẓẓamā |
تُعَظَّمْنَ tuʕaẓẓamna |
يُعَظَّمْنَ yuʕaẓẓamna | |||||||
| jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم |
m | ʔuʕaẓẓam |
تُعَظَّمْ tuʕaẓẓam |
يُعَظَّمْ yuʕaẓẓam |
تُعَظَّمَا tuʕaẓẓamā |
يُعَظَّمَا yuʕaẓẓamā |
نُعَظَّمْ nuʕaẓẓam |
تُعَظَّمُوا tuʕaẓẓamū |
يُعَظَّمُوا yuʕaẓẓamū | |||
| f | تُعَظَّمِي tuʕaẓẓamī |
تُعَظَّمْ tuʕaẓẓam |
تُعَظَّمَا tuʕaẓẓamā |
تُعَظَّمْنَ tuʕaẓẓamna |
يُعَظَّمْنَ yuʕaẓẓamna | |||||||
References
- Steingass, Francis Joseph (1884) “عظم”, in The Student's Arabic–English Dictionary, London: W.H. Allen
- Wehr, Hans (1979) “عظم”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN
Hijazi Arabic
| Root |
|---|
| ع ظ م |
| 1 term |
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ʕa.dˤim/, /ʕa.dˤum/
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ʕazˤ.zˤam/, /ʕaðˤ.ðˤam/
Conjugation
| Conjugation of عظم (ʕaẓẓam) | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| singular | plural | |||||||
| 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | |||
| past | m | عظمت (ʕaẓẓamt) | عظمت (ʕaẓẓamt) | عظم (ʕaẓẓam) | عظمنا (ʕaẓẓamna) | عظمتوا (ʕaẓẓamtu) | عظموا (ʕaẓẓamu) | |
| f | عظمتي (ʕaẓẓamti) | عظمت (ʕaẓẓamat) | ||||||
| non-past | m | أعظم (ʔaʕaẓẓim) | تعظم (tiʕaẓẓim) | يعظم (yiʕaẓẓim) | نعظم (niʕaẓẓim) | تعظموا (tiʕaẓẓimu) | يعظموا (yiʕaẓẓimu) | |
| f | تعظمي (tiʕaẓẓimi) | تعظم (tiʕaẓẓim) | ||||||
| imperative | m | عظم (ʕaẓẓim) | عظموا (ʕaẓẓimu) | |||||
| f | عظمي (ʕaẓẓimi) | |||||||
Ottoman Turkish
Derived terms
- عظمی (ʿazmi, “of bone, osseous”)
Descendants
- Turkish: azm
Further reading
- Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007) “azm”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), volume 1, Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 405
- Kélékian, Diran (1911) “عظم”, in Dictionnaire turc-français, Constantinople: Mihran, page 852
- Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1687) “Os”, in Complementum thesauri linguarum orientalium, seu onomasticum latino-turcico-arabico-persicum, simul idem index verborum lexici turcico-arabico-persici, quod latinâ, germanicâ, aliarumque linguarum adjectâ nomenclatione nuper in lucem editum, Vienna, column 1255
- Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1680) “عظم”, in Thesaurus linguarum orientalium, Turcicae, Arabicae, Persicae, praecipuas earum opes à Turcis peculiariter usurpatas continens, nimirum Lexicon Turkico-Arabico-Persicum, Vienna, column 3284
- Redhouse, James W. (1890) “عظم”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon, Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 1307
Persian
Pronunciation
- (Classical Persian) IPA(key): [ʔazm]
- (Dari, formal) IPA(key): [ʔäzm]
- (Kabuli) IPA(key): [ʔäzm]
- (Hazaragi) IPA(key): [ʔäzm]
- (Iran, formal) IPA(key): [ʔæzm]
- (Tajik, formal) IPA(key): [ʔäzm]
| Readings | |
|---|---|
| Classical reading? | azm |
| Dari reading? | azm |
| Iranian reading? | azm |
| Tajik reading? | azm |
Further reading
- Hayyim, Sulayman (1934) “عظم”, in New Persian–English dictionary, Teheran: Librairie-imprimerie Béroukhim
Urdu
Etymology
Borrowed from Classical Persian عظم ('azm), from Arabic عَظْم (ʕaẓm).
Pronunciation
- (Standard Urdu) IPA(key): /(ʔ)əzm/
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