شاء
Arabic
Etymology 1
Root |
---|
ش ي ء (š-y-ʔ) |
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ʃaː.ʔa/
Verb
شَاءَ • (šāʔa) I, non-past يَشَاءُ (yašāʔu)
- to will, to want, to intend, to wish
- 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 2:212:
- زُيِّنَ لِلَّذِينَ كَفَرُوٱ ٱلْحَيَاةُ ٱلدُّنْيَا وَيَسْخَرُونَ مِنَ ٱلَّذِينَ آمَنُوا وَالَّذِينَ ٱتَّقَوْا فَوْقَهُمْ يَوْمَ ٱلْقِيَامَةِ وَٱللّٰهُ يَرْزُقُ مَنْ يَشَاءُ بِغَيْرِ حِسَابٍ
- zuyyina lillaḏīna kafarū l-ḥayātu d-dunyā wayasḵarūna mina llaḏīna ʔāmanū wāllaḏīna ttaqaw fawqahum yawma l-qiyāmati wal-lāhu yarzuqu man yašāʔu biḡayri ḥisābin
- Beautified is the life of this world for those who disbelieve, and they mock at those who believe. But those who fear [Allah] are above them on the Day of Resurrection, and Allah begifts whom He wills without account.
Conjugation
verbal noun الْمَصْدَر |
mašīʔa | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل |
šāʔin | |||||||||||
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول |
mašīʔ | |||||||||||
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم | ||||||||||||
singular الْمُفْرَد |
dual الْمُثَنَّى |
plural الْجَمْع | ||||||||||
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب | |||||
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي |
m | šiʔtu |
šiʔta |
šāʔa |
شِئْتُمَا šiʔtumā |
شَاءَا šāʔā |
šiʔnā |
šiʔtum |
šāʔū | |||
f | šiʔti |
šāʔat |
شَاءَتَا šāʔatā |
šiʔtunna |
šiʔna | |||||||
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع |
m | ʔašāʔu |
tašāʔu |
yašāʔu |
تَشَاءَانِ tašāʔāni |
يَشَاءَانِ yašāʔāni |
našāʔu |
tašāʔūna |
yašāʔūna | |||
f | tašāʔīna |
tašāʔu |
تَشَاءَانِ tašāʔāni |
tašaʔna |
yašaʔna | |||||||
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب |
m | ʔašāʔa |
tašāʔa |
yašāʔa |
تَشَاءَا tašāʔā |
يَشَاءَا yašāʔā |
našāʔa |
tašāʔū |
yašāʔū | |||
f | tašāʔī |
tašāʔa |
تَشَاءَا tašāʔā |
tašaʔna |
yašaʔna | |||||||
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم |
m | ʔašaʔ |
tašaʔ |
yašaʔ |
تَشَاءَا tašāʔā |
يَشَاءَا yašāʔā |
našaʔ |
tašāʔū |
yašāʔū | |||
f | tašāʔī |
tašaʔ |
تَشَاءَا tašāʔā |
tašaʔna |
yašaʔna | |||||||
imperative الْأَمْر |
m | šaʔ |
شَاءَا šāʔā |
šāʔū |
||||||||
f | šāʔī |
šaʔna | ||||||||||
passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول | ||||||||||||
singular الْمُفْرَد |
dual الْمُثَنَّى |
plural الْجَمْع | ||||||||||
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب | |||||
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي |
m | šiʔtu |
šiʔta |
šīʔa |
شِئْتُمَا šiʔtumā |
šīʔā |
šiʔnā |
šiʔtum |
šīʔū | |||
f | šiʔti |
šīʔat |
شِيئَتَا šīʔatā |
šiʔtunna |
šiʔna | |||||||
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع |
m | ʔušāʔu |
tušāʔu |
yušāʔu |
تُشَاءَانِ tušāʔāni |
يُشَاءَانِ yušāʔāni |
nušāʔu |
tušāʔūna |
yušāʔūna | |||
f | tušāʔīna |
tušāʔu |
تُشَاءَانِ tušāʔāni |
tušaʔna |
yušaʔna | |||||||
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب |
m | ʔušāʔa |
tušāʔa |
yušāʔa |
تُشَاءَا tušāʔā |
يُشَاءَا yušāʔā |
nušāʔa |
tušāʔū |
yušāʔū | |||
f | tušāʔī |
tušāʔa |
تُشَاءَا tušāʔā |
tušaʔna |
yušaʔna | |||||||
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم |
m | ʔušaʔ |
tušaʔ |
yušaʔ |
تُشَاءَا tušāʔā |
يُشَاءَا yušāʔā |
nušaʔ |
tušāʔū |
yušāʔū | |||
f | tušāʔī |
tušaʔ |
تُشَاءَا tušāʔā |
tušaʔna |
yušaʔna |
Synonyms
- أَرَادَ (ʔarāda)
Related terms
- إِنْ شَاءَ اللّٰهُ (ʔin šāʔa llāhu)
- مَا شَاءَ اللّٰهُ (mā šāʔa llāhu)
Participle
شَاءٍ • (šāʔin) (feminine شَائِيَة (šāʔiya), masculine plural شَاؤُونَ (šāʔūna), feminine plural شَائِيَات (šāʔiyāt))
- active participle of شَاءَ (šāʔa)
Declension
Singular | Masculine | Feminine | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
singular triptote in ـٍ (-in) | singular triptote in ـَة (-a) | |||
Indefinite | Definite | Indefinite | Definite | |
Informal | شَائِي šāʔī |
الشَّائِي aš-šāʔī |
شَائِيَة šāʔiya |
الشَّائِيَة aš-šāʔiya |
Nominative | شَاءٍ šāʔin |
الشَّائِي aš-šāʔī |
شَائِيَةٌ šāʔiyatun |
الشَّائِيَةُ aš-šāʔiyatu |
Accusative | شَائِيًا šāʔiyan |
الشَّائِيَ aš-šāʔiya |
شَائِيَةً šāʔiyatan |
الشَّائِيَةَ aš-šāʔiyata |
Genitive | شَاءٍ šāʔin |
الشَّائِي aš-šāʔī |
شَائِيَةٍ šāʔiyatin |
الشَّائِيَةِ aš-šāʔiyati |
Dual | Masculine | Feminine | ||
Indefinite | Definite | Indefinite | Definite | |
Informal | شَائِيَيْن šāʔiyayn |
الشَّائِيَيْن aš-šāʔiyayn |
شَائِيَتَيْن šāʔiyatayn |
الشَّائِيَتَيْن aš-šāʔiyatayn |
Nominative | شَائِيَانِ šāʔiyāni |
الشَّائِيَانِ aš-šāʔiyāni |
شَائِيَتَانِ šāʔiyatāni |
الشَّائِيَتَانِ aš-šāʔiyatāni |
Accusative | شَائِيَيْنِ šāʔiyayni |
الشَّائِيَيْنِ aš-šāʔiyayni |
شَائِيَتَيْنِ šāʔiyatayni |
الشَّائِيَتَيْنِ aš-šāʔiyatayni |
Genitive | شَائِيَيْنِ šāʔiyayni |
الشَّائِيَيْنِ aš-šāʔiyayni |
شَائِيَتَيْنِ šāʔiyatayni |
الشَّائِيَتَيْنِ aš-šāʔiyatayni |
Plural | Masculine | Feminine | ||
sound masculine plural | sound feminine plural | |||
Indefinite | Definite | Indefinite | Definite | |
Informal | شَائِين šāʔīn |
الشَّائِين aš-šāʔīn |
شَائِيَات šāʔiyāt |
الشَّائِيَات aš-šāʔiyāt |
Nominative | شَائُونَ/شَاؤُونَ šāʔūna |
الشَّائُونَ/الشَّاؤُونَ aš-šāʔūna |
شَائِيَاتٌ šāʔiyātun |
الشَّائِيَاتُ aš-šāʔiyātu |
Accusative | شَائِينَ šāʔīna |
الشَّائِينَ aš-šāʔīna |
شَائِيَاتٍ šāʔiyātin |
الشَّائِيَاتِ aš-šāʔiyāti |
Genitive | شَائِينَ šāʔīna |
الشَّائِينَ aš-šāʔīna |
شَائِيَاتٍ šāʔiyātin |
الشَّائِيَاتِ aš-šāʔiyāti |
Etymology 2
Found under the root ش و ه (š-w-h) in Lane (see below); in Wehr (see below), listed under ش و ء (š-w-ʔ), whereas the paucal plural شِوَاه (šiwāh) is cross-referenced under ش و ه (š-w-h). Compare Hebrew שֶׂה (śe).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ʃaːʔ/
Noun
شَاء • (šāʔ) m (collective, singulative شَاة f (šāh), paucal شِوَاه (šiwāh) or شِيَاه (šiyāh))
Usage notes
The gender of the collective is unclear; it is also unclear if it varies depending on the meaning. The forms شِوَاه (šiwāh) and شِيَاء (šiyāʔ) are simply listed as plurals in Wehr, which would normally imply a plural of multiplicity or variety, but specifically noted as applying to 3-10 animals (i.e. paucal) in Lane.
Declension
Collective | basic collective triptote | ||
---|---|---|---|
Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
Informal | شَاء šāʔ |
الشَّاء aš-šāʔ |
شَاء šāʔ |
Nominative | شَاءٌ šāʔun |
الشَّاءُ aš-šāʔu |
شَاءُ šāʔu |
Accusative | شَاءً šāʔan |
الشَّاءَ aš-šāʔa |
شَاءَ šāʔa |
Genitive | شَاءٍ šāʔin |
الشَّاءِ aš-šāʔi |
شَاءِ šāʔi |
Singulative | singulative triptote in ـَاة (-āh) | ||
Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
Informal | شَاة šāt |
الشَّاة aš-šāt |
شَاة šāt |
Nominative | شَاةٌ šātun |
الشَّاةُ aš-šātu |
شَاةُ šātu |
Accusative | شَاةً šātan |
الشَّاةَ aš-šāta |
شَاةَ šāta |
Genitive | شَاةٍ šātin |
الشَّاةِ aš-šāti |
شَاةِ šāti |
Dual | Indefinite | Definite | Construct |
Informal | شَاتَيْن šātayn |
الشَّاتَيْن aš-šātayn |
شَاتَيْ šātay |
Nominative | شَاتَانِ šātāni |
الشَّاتَانِ aš-šātāni |
شَاتَا šātā |
Accusative | شَاتَيْنِ šātayni |
الشَّاتَيْنِ aš-šātayni |
شَاتَيْ šātay |
Genitive | شَاتَيْنِ šātayni |
الشَّاتَيْنِ aš-šātayni |
شَاتَيْ šātay |
Paucal (3-10) | basic broken paucal triptote | ||
Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
Informal | شِوَاه; شِيَاه šiwāh; šiyāh |
الشِّوَاه; الشِّيَاه aš-šiwāh; aš-šiyāh |
شِوَاه; شِيَاه šiwāh; šiyāh |
Nominative | شِوَاهٌ; شِيَاهٌ šiwāhun; šiyāhun |
الشِّوَاهُ; الشِّيَاهُ aš-šiwāhu; aš-šiyāhu |
شِوَاهُ; شِيَاهُ šiwāhu; šiyāhu |
Accusative | شِوَاهًا; شِيَاهًا šiwāhan; šiyāhan |
الشِّوَاهَ; الشِّيَاهَ aš-šiwāha; aš-šiyāha |
شِوَاهَ; شِيَاهَ šiwāha; šiyāha |
Genitive | شِوَاهٍ; شِيَاهٍ šiwāhin; šiyāhin |
الشِّوَاهِ; الشِّيَاهِ aš-šiwāhi; aš-šiyāhi |
شِوَاهِ; شِيَاهِ šiwāhi; šiyāhi |
Synonyms
- ضَأْن (ḍaʔn)
References
- Lane, Edward William (1863) “شوه”, in Arabic-English Lexicon, London: Williams & Norgate
- Wehr, Hans (1979) “شاء”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN