سحر
Arabic
Root |
---|
س ح ر (s-ḥ-r) |
Etymology 1
From Proto-Semitic *šaḥ(a)r- (“dawn, morning”). Cognate with Akkadian 𒀉𒄘𒍣𒂵 (šērum), Hebrew שַׁחַר (šáḥar, “dawn”) and Ugaritic 𐎌𐎈𐎗 (šḥr, “dawn; tomorrow, the future”); see Canaanite deity Shahar.
Declension
References
- Lane, Edward William (1863) “سحر”, in Arabic-English Lexicon, London: Williams & Norgate
Etymology 2
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Noun
سَحْر or سَحَر • (saḥr or saḥar) m (dual سَحْرَان (saḥrān) or سَحَرَان (saḥarān), plural سُحُور (suḥūr))
Declension
Singular | basic singular triptote | ||
---|---|---|---|
Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
Informal | سَحْر; سَحَر saḥr; saḥar |
السَّحْر; السَّحَر as-saḥr; as-saḥar |
سَحْر; سَحَر saḥr; saḥar |
Nominative | سَحْرٌ; سَحَرٌ saḥrun; saḥarun |
السَّحْرُ; السَّحَرُ as-saḥru; as-saḥaru |
سَحْرُ; سَحَرُ saḥru; saḥaru |
Accusative | سَحْرًا; سَحَرًا saḥran; saḥaran |
السَّحْرَ; السَّحَرَ as-saḥra; as-saḥara |
سَحْرَ; سَحَرَ saḥra; saḥara |
Genitive | سَحْرٍ; سَحَرٍ saḥrin; saḥarin |
السَّحْرِ; السَّحَرِ as-saḥri; as-saḥari |
سَحْرِ; سَحَرِ saḥri; saḥari |
Dual | Indefinite | Definite | Construct |
Informal | سَحْرَيْن; سَحَرَيْن saḥrayn; saḥarayn |
السَّحْرَيْن; السَّحَرَيْن as-saḥrayn; as-saḥarayn |
سَحْرَيْ; سَحَرَيْ saḥray; saḥaray |
Nominative | سَحْرَانِ; سَحَرَانِ saḥrāni; saḥarāni |
السَّحْرَانِ; السَّحَرَانِ as-saḥrāni; as-saḥarāni |
سَحْرَا; سَحَرَا saḥrā; saḥarā |
Accusative | سَحْرَيْنِ; سَحَرَيْنِ saḥrayni; saḥarayni |
السَّحْرَيْنِ; السَّحَرَيْنِ as-saḥrayni; as-saḥarayni |
سَحْرَيْ; سَحَرَيْ saḥray; saḥaray |
Genitive | سَحْرَيْنِ; سَحَرَيْنِ saḥrayni; saḥarayni |
السَّحْرَيْنِ; السَّحَرَيْنِ as-saḥrayni; as-saḥarayni |
سَحْرَيْ; سَحَرَيْ saḥray; saḥaray |
Plural | basic broken plural triptote | ||
Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
Informal | سُحُور suḥūr |
السُّحُور as-suḥūr |
سُحُور suḥūr |
Nominative | سُحُورٌ suḥūrun |
السُّحُورُ as-suḥūru |
سُحُورُ suḥūru |
Accusative | سُحُورًا suḥūran |
السُّحُورَ as-suḥūra |
سُحُورَ suḥūra |
Genitive | سُحُورٍ suḥūrin |
السُّحُورِ as-suḥūri |
سُحُورِ suḥūri |
Etymology 3
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Noun
سِحْر • (siḥr) m (plural أَسْحَار (ʔasḥār) or سُحُور (suḥūr))
- verbal noun of سَحَرَ (saḥara) (form I)
- witchcraft, magic, sorcery, wizardry
- charm; enchantment
Declension
Singular | basic singular triptote | ||
---|---|---|---|
Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
Informal | سِحْر siḥr |
السِّحْر as-siḥr |
سِحْر siḥr |
Nominative | سِحْرٌ siḥrun |
السِّحْرُ as-siḥru |
سِحْرُ siḥru |
Accusative | سِحْرًا siḥran |
السِّحْرَ as-siḥra |
سِحْرَ siḥra |
Genitive | سِحْرٍ siḥrin |
السِّحْرِ as-siḥri |
سِحْرِ siḥri |
Dual | Indefinite | Definite | Construct |
Informal | سِحْرَيْن siḥrayn |
السِّحْرَيْن as-siḥrayn |
سِحْرَيْ siḥray |
Nominative | سِحْرَانِ siḥrāni |
السِّحْرَانِ as-siḥrāni |
سِحْرَا siḥrā |
Accusative | سِحْرَيْنِ siḥrayni |
السِّحْرَيْنِ as-siḥrayni |
سِحْرَيْ siḥray |
Genitive | سِحْرَيْنِ siḥrayni |
السِّحْرَيْنِ as-siḥrayni |
سِحْرَيْ siḥray |
Plural | basic broken plural triptote | ||
Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
Informal | أَسْحَار; سُحُور ʔasḥār; suḥūr |
الْأَسْحَار; السُّحُور al-ʔasḥār; as-suḥūr |
أَسْحَار; سُحُور ʔasḥār; suḥūr |
Nominative | أَسْحَارٌ; سُحُورٌ ʔasḥārun; suḥūrun |
الْأَسْحَارُ; السُّحُورُ al-ʔasḥāru; as-suḥūru |
أَسْحَارُ; سُحُورُ ʔasḥāru; suḥūru |
Accusative | أَسْحَارًا; سُحُورًا ʔasḥāran; suḥūran |
الْأَسْحَارَ; السُّحُورَ al-ʔasḥāra; as-suḥūra |
أَسْحَارَ; سُحُورَ ʔasḥāra; suḥūra |
Genitive | أَسْحَارٍ; سُحُورٍ ʔasḥārin; suḥūrin |
الْأَسْحَارِ; السُّحُورِ al-ʔasḥāri; as-suḥūri |
أَسْحَارِ; سُحُورِ ʔasḥāri; suḥūri |
Derived terms
- اِنْقَلَبَ السِّحْرُ عَلَى السَّاحِرِ (inqalaba s-siḥru ʕalā s-sāḥiri, idiom)
Descendants
Verb
سَحَرَ • (saḥara) I, non-past يَسْحَرُ (yasḥaru)
Conjugation
verbal noun الْمَصْدَر |
siḥr | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل |
sāḥir | |||||||||||
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول |
masḥūr | |||||||||||
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم | ||||||||||||
singular الْمُفْرَد |
dual الْمُثَنَّى |
plural الْجَمْع | ||||||||||
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب | |||||
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي |
m | saḥartu |
saḥarta |
saḥara |
سَحَرْتُمَا saḥartumā |
سَحَرَا saḥarā |
saḥarnā |
saḥartum |
saḥarū | |||
f | saḥarti |
saḥarat |
سَحَرَتَا saḥaratā |
saḥartunna |
saḥarna | |||||||
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع |
m | ʔasḥaru |
tasḥaru |
yasḥaru |
تَسْحَرَانِ tasḥarāni |
يَسْحَرَانِ yasḥarāni |
nasḥaru |
tasḥarūna |
yasḥarūna | |||
f | tasḥarīna |
tasḥaru |
تَسْحَرَانِ tasḥarāni |
tasḥarna |
yasḥarna | |||||||
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب |
m | ʔasḥara |
tasḥara |
yasḥara |
تَسْحَرَا tasḥarā |
يَسْحَرَا yasḥarā |
nasḥara |
tasḥarū |
yasḥarū | |||
f | tasḥarī |
tasḥara |
تَسْحَرَا tasḥarā |
tasḥarna |
yasḥarna | |||||||
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم |
m | ʔasḥar |
tasḥar |
yasḥar |
تَسْحَرَا tasḥarā |
يَسْحَرَا yasḥarā |
nasḥar |
tasḥarū |
yasḥarū | |||
f | tasḥarī |
tasḥar |
تَسْحَرَا tasḥarā |
tasḥarna |
yasḥarna | |||||||
imperative الْأَمْر |
m | isḥar |
اِسْحَرَا isḥarā |
isḥarū |
||||||||
f | isḥarī |
isḥarna | ||||||||||
passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول | ||||||||||||
singular الْمُفْرَد |
dual الْمُثَنَّى |
plural الْجَمْع | ||||||||||
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب | |||||
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي |
m | suḥirtu |
suḥirta |
suḥira |
سُحِرْتُمَا suḥirtumā |
سُحِرَا suḥirā |
suḥirnā |
suḥirtum |
suḥirū | |||
f | suḥirti |
suḥirat |
سُحِرَتَا suḥiratā |
suḥirtunna |
suḥirna | |||||||
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع |
m | ʔusḥaru |
tusḥaru |
yusḥaru |
تُسْحَرَانِ tusḥarāni |
يُسْحَرَانِ yusḥarāni |
nusḥaru |
tusḥarūna |
yusḥarūna | |||
f | tusḥarīna |
tusḥaru |
تُسْحَرَانِ tusḥarāni |
tusḥarna |
yusḥarna | |||||||
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب |
m | ʔusḥara |
tusḥara |
yusḥara |
تُسْحَرَا tusḥarā |
يُسْحَرَا yusḥarā |
nusḥara |
tusḥarū |
yusḥarū | |||
f | tusḥarī |
tusḥara |
تُسْحَرَا tusḥarā |
tusḥarna |
yusḥarna | |||||||
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم |
m | ʔusḥar |
tusḥar |
yusḥar |
تُسْحَرَا tusḥarā |
يُسْحَرَا yusḥarā |
nusḥar |
tusḥarū |
yusḥarū | |||
f | tusḥarī |
tusḥar |
تُسْحَرَا tusḥarā |
tusḥarna |
yusḥarna |
Conjugation
verbal noun الْمَصْدَر |
tasḥīr | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل |
مُسَحِّر musaḥḥir | |||||||||||
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول |
مُسَحَّر musaḥḥar | |||||||||||
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم | ||||||||||||
singular الْمُفْرَد |
dual الْمُثَنَّى |
plural الْجَمْع | ||||||||||
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب | |||||
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي |
m | saḥḥartu |
saḥḥarta |
saḥḥara |
سَحَّرْتُمَا saḥḥartumā |
سَحَّرَا saḥḥarā |
saḥḥarnā |
saḥḥartum |
saḥḥarū | |||
f | saḥḥarti |
saḥḥarat |
سَحَّرَتَا saḥḥaratā |
saḥḥartunna |
saḥḥarna | |||||||
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع |
m | ʔusaḥḥiru |
tusaḥḥiru |
yusaḥḥiru |
تُسَحِّرَانِ tusaḥḥirāni |
يُسَحِّرَانِ yusaḥḥirāni |
nusaḥḥiru |
tusaḥḥirūna |
yusaḥḥirūna | |||
f | tusaḥḥirīna |
tusaḥḥiru |
تُسَحِّرَانِ tusaḥḥirāni |
tusaḥḥirna |
yusaḥḥirna | |||||||
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب |
m | ʔusaḥḥira |
tusaḥḥira |
yusaḥḥira |
تُسَحِّرَا tusaḥḥirā |
يُسَحِّرَا yusaḥḥirā |
nusaḥḥira |
tusaḥḥirū |
yusaḥḥirū | |||
f | tusaḥḥirī |
tusaḥḥira |
تُسَحِّرَا tusaḥḥirā |
tusaḥḥirna |
yusaḥḥirna | |||||||
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم |
m | ʔusaḥḥir |
tusaḥḥir |
yusaḥḥir |
تُسَحِّرَا tusaḥḥirā |
يُسَحِّرَا yusaḥḥirā |
nusaḥḥir |
tusaḥḥirū |
yusaḥḥirū | |||
f | tusaḥḥirī |
tusaḥḥir |
تُسَحِّرَا tusaḥḥirā |
tusaḥḥirna |
yusaḥḥirna | |||||||
imperative الْأَمْر |
m | saḥḥir |
سَحِّرَا saḥḥirā |
saḥḥirū |
||||||||
f | saḥḥirī |
saḥḥirna | ||||||||||
passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول | ||||||||||||
singular الْمُفْرَد |
dual الْمُثَنَّى |
plural الْجَمْع | ||||||||||
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب | |||||
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي |
m | suḥḥirtu |
suḥḥirta |
suḥḥira |
سُحِّرْتُمَا suḥḥirtumā |
سُحِّرَا suḥḥirā |
suḥḥirnā |
suḥḥirtum |
suḥḥirū | |||
f | suḥḥirti |
suḥḥirat |
سُحِّرَتَا suḥḥiratā |
suḥḥirtunna |
suḥḥirna | |||||||
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع |
m | ʔusaḥḥaru |
tusaḥḥaru |
yusaḥḥaru |
تُسَحَّرَانِ tusaḥḥarāni |
يُسَحَّرَانِ yusaḥḥarāni |
nusaḥḥaru |
tusaḥḥarūna |
yusaḥḥarūna | |||
f | tusaḥḥarīna |
tusaḥḥaru |
تُسَحَّرَانِ tusaḥḥarāni |
tusaḥḥarna |
yusaḥḥarna | |||||||
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب |
m | ʔusaḥḥara |
tusaḥḥara |
yusaḥḥara |
تُسَحَّرَا tusaḥḥarā |
يُسَحَّرَا yusaḥḥarā |
nusaḥḥara |
tusaḥḥarū |
yusaḥḥarū | |||
f | tusaḥḥarī |
tusaḥḥara |
تُسَحَّرَا tusaḥḥarā |
tusaḥḥarna |
yusaḥḥarna | |||||||
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم |
m | ʔusaḥḥar |
tusaḥḥar |
yusaḥḥar |
تُسَحَّرَا tusaḥḥarā |
يُسَحَّرَا yusaḥḥarā |
nusaḥḥar |
tusaḥḥarū |
yusaḥḥarū | |||
f | tusaḥḥarī |
tusaḥḥar |
تُسَحَّرَا tusaḥḥarā |
tusaḥḥarna |
yusaḥḥarna |
References
- Dozy, Reinhart Pieter Anne (1881) “سحر”, in Supplément aux dictionnaires arabes (in French), volume 1, Leiden: E. J. Brill, pages 635–636
- Freytag, Georg (1833) “سحر”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum (in Latin), volume 2, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, page 290
- Lane, Edward William (1863) “سحر”, in Arabic-English Lexicon, London: Williams & Norgate, pages 1316-1318
- Steingass, Francis Joseph (1884) “سحر”, in The Student's Arabic–English Dictionary, London: W.H. Allen, page 483
Baluchi
Persian
Pronunciation
- (Classical Persian) IPA(key): [sa.ˈhaɾ]
- (Dari, formal) IPA(key): [sä.ɦǽɾ]
- (Kabuli) IPA(key): [sɑːǽɾ]
- (Hazaragi) IPA(key): [sɔːǽɾ]
- (Iran, formal) IPA(key): [sæ.ɦǽɹ]
- (Tajik, formal) IPA(key): [sä.ɦǽɾ]
Readings | |
---|---|
Classical reading? | sahar |
Dari reading? | sahar |
Iranian reading? | sahar |
Tajik reading? | sahar |
Noun
سحر • (sahar)
- dawn
- c. 1390, Shams-ud-Dīn Muḥammad Ḥāfiẓ, “Ghazal 371”, in دیوان حافظ [The Divān of Ḥāfiẓ]:
- ما درس سحر در ره میخانه نهادیم
محصول دعا در ره جانانه نهادیم- mā dars-i sahar dar rah-i mayxāna nihādēm
mahsūl-i du'ā dar rah-i jānāna nihādēm - We have cast away our morning classes on the way to the tavern;
We have cast away the fruits of our prayers on the way to the beloved.
- mā dars-i sahar dar rah-i mayxāna nihādēm
Derived terms
Pronunciation
- (Classical Persian) IPA(key): [sihɾ]
- (Dari, formal) IPA(key): [se̞ɦɾ]
- (Kabuli) IPA(key): [sɪɾ]
- (Hazaragi) IPA(key): [siɾ]
- (Iran, formal) IPA(key): [seɦɹ]
- (Tajik, formal) IPA(key): [seɦɾ]
Readings | |
---|---|
Classical reading? | sihr |
Dari reading? | sehr |
Iranian reading? | sehr |
Tajik reading? | sehr |
Derived terms
- سحر حلال (sehr-e halâl, “poetry”, literally “religiously permitted magic”)
- سحرآمیز (sehr-âmiz, “enchanting”)
- سحری (sehri, “magical”)
Urdu
Etymology 1
Borrowed from Classical Persian سَحَر (sahar), from Arabic سَحَر (saḥar).
Pronunciation
- (Standard Urdu) IPA(key): /sə.ɦəɾ/, [sɛ.ɦɛɾ]
Etymology 2
Borrowed from Classical Persian سِحْر (sihr), from Arabic سِحْر (siḥr).
Pronunciation
- (Standard Urdu) IPA(key): /seːɦɾ/, /sɪɦɾ/, [sɛ.ɦɛɾ]
Noun
سِحْر • (sehr or sihr) m (Hindi spelling सेहर)