سبب

See also: شبث, شبت, سبت, and س ب ب

Arabic

Root
س ب ب (s-b-b)

Pronunciation 1

IPA^(key): /sab.ba.ba/
Noun (file)

Verb

سَبَّبَ • (sabbaba) II, non-past يُسَبِّبُ‎ (yusabbibu)

to cause, to effect, to trigger, to generate

Conjugation

Conjugation of

سَبَّبَ

(form-II sound)

active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم
verbal noun الْمَصْدَر					تَسْبِيب tasbīb
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل					مُسَبِّب musabbib
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول					مُسَبَّب musabbab
		singular الْمُفْرَد			dual الْمُثَنَّى		plural الْجَمْع
		1^st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب	1^st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	سَبَّبْتُ sabbabtu	سَبَّبْتَ sabbabta	سَبَّبَ sabbaba	سَبَّبْتُمَا sabbabtumā	سَبَّبَا sabbabā	سَبَّبْنَا sabbabnā	سَبَّبْتُمْ sabbabtum	سَبَّبُوا sabbabū
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	f	سَبَّبْتُ sabbabtu	سَبَّبْتِ sabbabti	سَبَّبَتْ sabbabat	سَبَّبْتُمَا sabbabtumā	سَبَّبَتَا sabbabatā	سَبَّبْنَا sabbabnā	سَبَّبْتُنَّ sabbabtunna	سَبَّبْنَ sabbabna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أُسَبِّبُ ʔusabbibu	تُسَبِّبُ tusabbibu	يُسَبِّبُ yusabbibu	تُسَبِّبَانِ tusabbibāni	يُسَبِّبَانِ yusabbibāni	نُسَبِّبُ nusabbibu	تُسَبِّبُونَ tusabbibūna	يُسَبِّبُونَ yusabbibūna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	f	أُسَبِّبُ ʔusabbibu	تُسَبِّبِينَ tusabbibīna	تُسَبِّبُ tusabbibu	تُسَبِّبَانِ tusabbibāni	تُسَبِّبَانِ tusabbibāni	نُسَبِّبُ nusabbibu	تُسَبِّبْنَ tusabbibna	يُسَبِّبْنَ yusabbibna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أُسَبِّبَ ʔusabbiba	تُسَبِّبَ tusabbiba	يُسَبِّبَ yusabbiba	تُسَبِّبَا tusabbibā	يُسَبِّبَا yusabbibā	نُسَبِّبَ nusabbiba	تُسَبِّبُوا tusabbibū	يُسَبِّبُوا yusabbibū
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	f	أُسَبِّبَ ʔusabbiba	تُسَبِّبِي tusabbibī	تُسَبِّبَ tusabbiba	تُسَبِّبَا tusabbibā	تُسَبِّبَا tusabbibā	نُسَبِّبَ nusabbiba	تُسَبِّبْنَ tusabbibna	يُسَبِّبْنَ yusabbibna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أُسَبِّبْ ʔusabbib	تُسَبِّبْ tusabbib	يُسَبِّبْ yusabbib	تُسَبِّبَا tusabbibā	يُسَبِّبَا yusabbibā	نُسَبِّبْ nusabbib	تُسَبِّبُوا tusabbibū	يُسَبِّبُوا yusabbibū
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	f	أُسَبِّبْ ʔusabbib	تُسَبِّبِي tusabbibī	تُسَبِّبْ tusabbib	تُسَبِّبَا tusabbibā	تُسَبِّبَا tusabbibā	نُسَبِّبْ nusabbib	تُسَبِّبْنَ tusabbibna	يُسَبِّبْنَ yusabbibna
imperative الْأَمْر	m		سَبِّبْ sabbib		سَبِّبَا sabbibā			سَبِّبُوا sabbibū
imperative الْأَمْر	f		سَبِّبِي sabbibī		سَبِّبَا sabbibā			سَبِّبْنَ sabbibna
passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول
		singular الْمُفْرَد			dual الْمُثَنَّى		plural الْجَمْع
		1^st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب	1^st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	سُبِّبْتُ subbibtu	سُبِّبْتَ subbibta	سُبِّبَ subbiba	سُبِّبْتُمَا subbibtumā	سُبِّبَا subbibā	سُبِّبْنَا subbibnā	سُبِّبْتُمْ subbibtum	سُبِّبُوا subbibū
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	f	سُبِّبْتُ subbibtu	سُبِّبْتِ subbibti	سُبِّبَتْ subbibat	سُبِّبْتُمَا subbibtumā	سُبِّبَتَا subbibatā	سُبِّبْنَا subbibnā	سُبِّبْتُنَّ subbibtunna	سُبِّبْنَ subbibna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أُسَبَّبُ ʔusabbabu	تُسَبَّبُ tusabbabu	يُسَبَّبُ yusabbabu	تُسَبَّبَانِ tusabbabāni	يُسَبَّبَانِ yusabbabāni	نُسَبَّبُ nusabbabu	تُسَبَّبُونَ tusabbabūna	يُسَبَّبُونَ yusabbabūna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	f	أُسَبَّبُ ʔusabbabu	تُسَبَّبِينَ tusabbabīna	تُسَبَّبُ tusabbabu	تُسَبَّبَانِ tusabbabāni	تُسَبَّبَانِ tusabbabāni	نُسَبَّبُ nusabbabu	تُسَبَّبْنَ tusabbabna	يُسَبَّبْنَ yusabbabna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أُسَبَّبَ ʔusabbaba	تُسَبَّبَ tusabbaba	يُسَبَّبَ yusabbaba	تُسَبَّبَا tusabbabā	يُسَبَّبَا yusabbabā	نُسَبَّبَ nusabbaba	تُسَبَّبُوا tusabbabū	يُسَبَّبُوا yusabbabū
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	f	أُسَبَّبَ ʔusabbaba	تُسَبَّبِي tusabbabī	تُسَبَّبَ tusabbaba	تُسَبَّبَا tusabbabā	تُسَبَّبَا tusabbabā	نُسَبَّبَ nusabbaba	تُسَبَّبْنَ tusabbabna	يُسَبَّبْنَ yusabbabna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أُسَبَّبْ ʔusabbab	تُسَبَّبْ tusabbab	يُسَبَّبْ yusabbab	تُسَبَّبَا tusabbabā	يُسَبَّبَا yusabbabā	نُسَبَّبْ nusabbab	تُسَبَّبُوا tusabbabū	يُسَبَّبُوا yusabbabū
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	f	أُسَبَّبْ ʔusabbab	تُسَبَّبِي tusabbabī	تُسَبَّبْ tusabbab	تُسَبَّبَا tusabbabā	تُسَبَّبَا tusabbabā	نُسَبَّبْ nusabbab	تُسَبَّبْنَ tusabbabna	يُسَبَّبْنَ yusabbabna

Pronunciation 2

IPA^(key): /sa.bab/

Noun

سَبَب • (sabab) m (plural أَسْبَاب (ʔasbāb))

(chiefly Classical Arabic) cable, rope
Synonyms: حَبْل (ḥabl), مَرَسَة (marasa), رِبَاط (ribāṭ), قَلْس (qals), أَشْل (ʔašl), طُنُب (ṭunub), مَرَار (marār), إِصَار (ʔiṣār), مَأْصِر (maʔṣir), سِلْسِلَة (silsila), مِقَاط (miqāṭ)
cause, grounds, aetiological reason
بِسَبَب ذٰلِكَ ― bi-sabab ḏālika ― because of that
- a. 1233 CE, Ibn al-Athīr, الكامل في التاريخ‎, 1st edition, volume 4, Dar al-Kitab al-Arabi, published 1997, page 81:
  وَكَانَ سَبَبُ قَتْلِهِ أَنَّ أَبَاهُ اسْتَعْمَلَهُ عَلَى الْأَنْدَلُسِ، كَمَا ذَكَرْنَا، عِنْدَ عَوْدِهِ إِلَى الشَّامِ، فَضَبَطَهَا وَسَدَّدَ أُمُورَهَا، وَحَمَى ثُغُورَهَا، وَافْتَتَحَ فِي إِمَارَتِهِ مَدَائِنَ بَقِيَتْ بَعْدَ أَبِيهِ،
  (please add an English translation of this quotation)
alibi

Declension

Declension of noun سَبَب (sabab)

Singular	basic singular triptote
Singular	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	سَبَب sabab	السَّبَب as-sabab	سَبَب sabab
Nominative	سَبَبٌ sababun	السَّبَبُ as-sababu	سَبَبُ sababu
Accusative	سَبَبًا sababan	السَّبَبَ as-sababa	سَبَبَ sababa
Genitive	سَبَبٍ sababin	السَّبَبِ as-sababi	سَبَبِ sababi
Dual	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	سَبَبَيْن sababayn	السَّبَبَيْن as-sababayn	سَبَبَيْ sababay
Nominative	سَبَبَانِ sababāni	السَّبَبَانِ as-sababāni	سَبَبَا sababā
Accusative	سَبَبَيْنِ sababayni	السَّبَبَيْنِ as-sababayni	سَبَبَيْ sababay
Genitive	سَبَبَيْنِ sababayni	السَّبَبَيْنِ as-sababayni	سَبَبَيْ sababay
Plural	basic broken plural triptote
Plural	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	أَسْبَاب ʔasbāb	الْأَسْبَاب al-ʔasbāb	أَسْبَاب ʔasbāb
Nominative	أَسْبَابٌ ʔasbābun	الْأَسْبَابُ al-ʔasbābu	أَسْبَابُ ʔasbābu
Accusative	أَسْبَابًا ʔasbāban	الْأَسْبَابَ al-ʔasbāba	أَسْبَابَ ʔasbāba
Genitive	أَسْبَابٍ ʔasbābin	الْأَسْبَابِ al-ʔasbābi	أَسْبَابِ ʔasbābi

Derived terms

Terms derived from the noun سبب

بسبب

Descendants

→ Armenian: սաբաբ (sabab)
→ Avar: сабаб (sabab)
→ Azerbaijani: səbəb
→ Bashkir: сәбәп (səbəp)
→ Crimean Tatar: sebep
→ Fula: sababu
→ Georgian: საბაბი (sababi)
→ Hausa: sabàbī
→ Hindi: सबब (sabab)
→ Indonesian: sebab
→ Kazakh: себеп (sebep)
→ Kyrgyz: себеп (sebep)
→ Ladino: sebeb, sebep
→ Malay: sebab
→ Pashto: سبب (sabáb)
→ Persian: سبب (sabab)
→ Somali: sabab, sababta
→ Swahili: sababu
→ Tajik: сабаб (sabab)
→ Tatar: сәбәп (säbäp)
→ Turkish: sebep
→ Turkmen: sebäp
→ Urdu: سبب (sabab)
→ Uyghur: سەۋەب (seweb)
→ Uzbek: sabab
→ Yoruba: sábàbí

References

Wehr, Hans (1979) “سب”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN

Malay

Noun

سبب (plural سبب-سبب or سبب ۲, informal 1st possessive سببکو, 2nd possessive سببمو, 3rd possessive سببڽ)

Jawi spelling of sebab

Conjunction

سبب

Jawi spelling of sebab

Ottoman Turkish

Etymology

From Arabic سَبَب (sabab).

Noun

سبب • (sebeb)

cause, reason
motive

Descendants

Turkish: sebep
→ Armenian: սեպեպ (sepep), սա̈բա̈բ (säbäb)

References

Kélékian, Diran (1911) “سبب”, in Dictionnaire turc-français‎, Constantinople: Mihran, page 662b
Avery, Robert et al., editors (2013), “sebep”, in The Redhouse Dictionary Turkish/Ottoman English, 21st edition, Istanbul: Sev Yayıncılık, →ISBN

Persian

Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic سَبَب (sabab).

Pronunciation

Audio (file)

(Classical Persian) IPA^(key): [sa.ˈβaβ]

(Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [sä.bǽb]
- (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [sä.bǽb]
- (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [sä.bǽb̥]

(Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [sæ.bǽb̥]

(Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [sä.bǽb]

Readings
Classical reading^?	saḇaḇ
Dari reading^?	sabab
Iranian reading^?	sabab
Tajik reading^?	sabab

Noun


Iranian Persian	سبب
Dari	سبب
Tajik	сабаб

سبب • (sabab) (plural اسباب (asbâb))

cause, reason
Synonyms: باعث (bâ'es), دلیل (dalil)

― sabab-e in hâdese ― the cause of this incident

― sabab-e kâheš-e qeymat-hâ ― the cause of the decline in prices
- c. 1390, Hafez, “Ghazal 4”, in دیوان حافظ [The Divan of Hafez]:
  ندانم از چه سبب رنگ آشنایی نیست
  سهی قدان سیه چشم ماه سیما را
  na-dânam az če sabab rang-e âšenâyi nist
  sahi qaddân-e siyah čašm-e mâh simâ râ
  I do not know for what reason there is no hue of recognition from these ones standing tall, with black eyes and moon-like faces.

Descendants

→ Gujarati: સબબ (sabab)

South Levantine Arabic

Root
س ب ب
2 terms

Etymology

From Arabic سَبَّبَ (sabbaba).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /sab.bab/, [ˈsab.bab]
Audio (al-Lidd) (file)

Verb

سبّب • (sabbab) II (present بسبّب (bisabbeb))

to cause, to produce, to bring about
التضخم المالي بسبّب ل مجتمع نا الاستقرار.
il-taḍaḵḵom al-māli bisabbeb la-mujtamʕana al-istaqrār
Inflation brings about instability in our society.

الطقس سبّب ه التّأخير.
il-taʕs sabbab ha-t-tʕaḵīr
The weather caused this delay.

Conjugation

Conjugation of سبّب (sabbab)
		singular			plural
		1^st person	2^nd person	3^rd person	1^st person	2^nd person	3^rd person
past	m	سبّبت (sabbabt)	سبّبت (sabbabt)	سبّب (sabbab)	سبّبنا (sabbabna)	سبّبتو (sabbabtu)	سبّبو (sabbabu)
past	f	سبّبت (sabbabt)	سبّبتي (sabbabti)	سبّبت (sabbabat)	سبّبنا (sabbabna)	سبّبتو (sabbabtu)	سبّبو (sabbabu)
present	m	بسبّب (basabbeb)	بتسبّب (bitsabbeb)	بسبّب (bisabbeb)	منسبّب (minsabbeb)	بتسبّبو (bitsabbbu)	بسبّبو (bisabbbu)
present	f	بسبّب (basabbeb)	بتسبّبي (bitsabbbi)	بتسبّب (bitsabbeb)	منسبّب (minsabbeb)	بتسبّبو (bitsabbbu)	بسبّبو (bisabbbu)
subjunctive	m	اسبّب (asabbeb)	تسبّب (tsabbeb)	يسبّب (ysabbeb)	نسبّب (nsabbeb)	تسبّبو (tsabbbu)	يسبّبو (ysabbbu)
subjunctive	f	اسبّب (asabbeb)	تسبّبي (tsabbbi)	تسبّب (tsabbeb)	نسبّب (nsabbeb)	تسبّبو (tsabbbu)	يسبّبو (ysabbbu)
imperative	m		سبّب (sabbeb)			سبّبو (sabbbu)
imperative	f		سبّبي (sabbbi)			سبّبو (sabbbu)

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