درود

Persian

Etymology 1

From Middle Persian drwd (drōd, “well-being, health, welfare”), from Old Persian *druwatā-, from 𐎯𐎢𐎽𐎢𐎺 (du-u-ru-u-v /⁠duruva-⁠/, “secure, healthy”), from Proto-Iranian *druwáh. Compare Avestan 𐬛𐬭𐬎𐬎𐬀𐬙𐬁𐬝 (druuatāt̰, “health”) (from 𐬛𐬭𐬎𐬎𐬀- (druua-)) and Sanskrit ध्रुव (dhruvá, “fixed, immovable; firm”). Related to Old Armenian դրուատ (druat).

Pronunciation
 
  • (Dari, formal) IPA(key): [d̪ä.ɾuːd̪], [d̪ʊ.ɾuːd̪]
    • (Kabuli) IPA(key): [d̪ä.ɾuːd̪], [d̪ʊ.ɾuːd̪]
    • (Hazaragi) IPA(key): [d̪ä.ɾud̪̥], [d̪u.ɾud̪̥]
  • (Iran, formal) IPA(key): [d̪æ.ɹuːd̪̥], [d̪o.ɹuːd̪̥]
  • (Tajik, formal) IPA(key): [d̪ä.ɾɵd̪], [d̪ä.ɾud̪], [d̪u.ɾud̪]

Readings
Classical reading? darōḏ, darūḏ, durūḏ
Dari reading? darūd, durūd
Iranian reading? darud, dorud
Tajik reading? darüd, darud, durud

Interjection

درود • (dorud)

  1. hello; hi; hail

Noun

درود • (dorud)

  1. greeting, salutation
    سلام و درود از خراسان ― salâm o dorud az xorasân ― hello and greetings from Khorasan (Formal Khorasani Persian)
  2. health; well-being; welfare
Descendants
  • → Urdu: دُرُود (durūd)
    • → Bengali: দরূদ (dorud), দুরুদ (durud)
    • → English: durood
    • → Hindi: दुरूद (durūd)
    • → Punjabi: دَرُود (darūd)

Etymology 2

From Proto-Iranian *dā́ru, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *dā́ru, from Proto-Indo-European *dóru. Also see دار (dâr), درخت (deraxt). Aghwan 𐔳𐕒𐕡𐕙𐕒𐕡𐔳 (durud) is an Iranian borrowing.

Pronunciation
 
  • (Dari, formal) IPA(key): [d̪ä.ɾuːd̪], [d̪ʊ.ɾuːd̪]
    • (Kabuli) IPA(key): [d̪ä.ɾuːd̪], [d̪ʊ.ɾuːd̪]
    • (Hazaragi) IPA(key): [d̪ä.ɾud̪̥], [d̪u.ɾud̪̥]
  • (Iran, formal) IPA(key): [d̪æ.ɹuːd̪̥], [d̪o.ɹuːd̪̥]

Readings
Classical reading? darūḏ, durūḏ
Dari reading? darūd, durūd
Iranian reading? darud, dorud
Tajik reading? darud, durud

Noun

درود • (dorud)

  1. (uncommon) timber
  2. (uncommon or Iran) plank
Derived terms
See also

Urdu

Etymology

First attested in c. 1564 as Middle Hindi درود (/⁠drūd⁠/), borrowed from Classical Persian درود (durūd), from Middle Persian drwd (drōd).

Pronunciation

Noun

دُرُود • (durūd) m (Hindi spelling दुरूद)

  1. (Islam) Salawat (durood – the uttering of specific phrases to bless the prophet Muhammad whenever he is mentioned or encountered in a text)
  2. (by extension) Ellipsis of دُرُود شَرِیف (durūd śarīf).
  3. (literally) praise, salutation

Derived terms
Derived terms
  • دُرُود و سَلام (durūd-o-salām, “benedictions and blessings on Prophet Muhammad”)
  • فاتِحَہ دُرُود (fātihah-durūd, “assembly convened to offer prayers for the dead”)
  • دَم دُرُود (dam-durūd, “blowing incantations or prayers, courage, guts, power to stand up to”)

Descendants

Further reading
  • “درود”, in اُردُو لُغَت (urdū luġat) (in Urdu), Ministry of Education: Government of Pakistan, 2017.
  • “درود”, in ریخْتَہ لُغَت (rexta luġat) - Rekhta Dictionary [Urdu dictionary with meanings in Hindi & English], Noida, India: Rekhta Foundation, 2024.
  • Qureshi, Bashir Ahmad (1971) “درود”, in Kitabistan's 20th Century Standard Dictionary‎, Lahore: Kitabistan Pub. Co.
  • Platts, John T. (1884) “درود”, in A dictionary of Urdu, classical Hindi, and English, London: W. H. Allen & Co.
  • S. W. Fallon (1879) “درود”, in A New Hindustani-English Dictionary, Banaras, London: Trubner and Co.
  • John Shakespear (1834) “درود”, in A dictionary, Hindustani and English: with a copious index, fitting the work to serve, also, as a dictionary of English and Hindustani, 3rd edition, London: J.L. Cox and Son, →OCLC
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