ध्रुव

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

ধ্ৰুৱ (Assamese script)
ᬥ᭄ᬭᬸᬯ (Balinese script)
ধ্রুব (Bengali script)
𑰠𑰿𑰨𑰲𑰪 (Bhaiksuki script)
𑀥𑁆𑀭𑀼𑀯 (Brahmi script)
ဓြုဝ (Burmese script)
ધ્રુવ (Gujarati script)
ਧ੍ਰੁਵ (Gurmukhi script)
𑌧𑍍𑌰𑍁𑌵 (Grantha script)
ꦣꦿꦸꦮ (Javanese script)
𑂡𑂹𑂩𑂳𑂫 (Kaithi script)
ಧ್ರುವ (Kannada script)
ធ្រុវ (Khmer script)
ຘ຺ຣຸວ (Lao script)
ധ്രുവ (Malayalam script)
ᢡᡵᡠᠸᠠ (Manchu script)
𑘠𑘿𑘨𑘳𑘪 (Modi script)
ᢑᠾᠷᠤᠸᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
𑧀𑧠𑧈𑧔𑧊 (Nandinagari script)
𑐢𑑂𑐬𑐸𑐰 (Newa script)
ଧ୍ରୁଵ (Odia script)
ꢤ꣄ꢬꢸꢮ (Saurashtra script)
𑆣𑇀𑆫𑆶𑆮 (Sharada script)
𑖠𑖿𑖨𑗜𑖪 (Siddham script)
ධ්‍රුව (Sinhalese script)
𑩮 𑪙𑩼𑩒𑩾 (Soyombo script)
𑚜𑚶𑚤𑚰𑚦 (Takri script)
த்⁴ருவ (Tamil script)
ధ్రువ (Telugu script)
ธฺรุว (Thai script)
དྷྲུ་ཝ (Tibetan script)
𑒡𑓂𑒩𑒳𑒫 (Tirhuta script)
𑨜𑩇𑨫𑨃𑨭 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Indo-Aryan *dʰruwás, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *dʰruwás (“fixed, firm, strong”), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰru-wó-s, from *dʰer-us ~ *dʰr-éws + *-wós, from *dʰer- (“to support, hold”) +‎ *-us. Cognate with Avestan 𐬛𐬭𐬎𐬎𐬀 (druua), Old Persian 𐎯𐎽𐎺 (duruva, “firm, certain”), Persian (dorost, “healthy”).

Pronunciation

(Vedic) IPA^(key): /dʱɾu.ʋɐ́/
(Classical) IPA^(key): /ˈd̪ʱɾu.ʋɐ/

Adjective

ध्रुव • (dhruvá) stem

fixed, immovable
firm, stable
certain, sure, wis
मृतस्य जन्म ध्रुवम् ― mṛtasya janma dhruvam ― for the dead life (ie, reincarnation) is certain

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of ध्रुव (dhruvá)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	ध्रुवः dhruváḥ	ध्रुवौ / ध्रुवा¹ dhruvaú / dhruvā́¹	ध्रुवाः / ध्रुवासः¹ dhruvā́ḥ / dhruvā́saḥ¹
Vocative	ध्रुव dhrúva	ध्रुवौ / ध्रुवा¹ dhrúvau / dhrúvā¹	ध्रुवाः / ध्रुवासः¹ dhrúvāḥ / dhrúvāsaḥ¹
Accusative	ध्रुवम् dhruvám	ध्रुवौ / ध्रुवा¹ dhruvaú / dhruvā́¹	ध्रुवान् dhruvā́n
Instrumental	ध्रुवेण dhruvéṇa	ध्रुवाभ्याम् dhruvā́bhyām	ध्रुवैः / ध्रुवेभिः¹ dhruvaíḥ / dhruvébhiḥ¹
Dative	ध्रुवाय dhruvā́ya	ध्रुवाभ्याम् dhruvā́bhyām	ध्रुवेभ्यः dhruvébhyaḥ
Ablative	ध्रुवात् dhruvā́t	ध्रुवाभ्याम् dhruvā́bhyām	ध्रुवेभ्यः dhruvébhyaḥ
Genitive	ध्रुवस्य dhruvásya	ध्रुवयोः dhruváyoḥ	ध्रुवाणाम् dhruvā́ṇām
Locative	ध्रुवे dhruvé	ध्रुवयोः dhruváyoḥ	ध्रुवेषु dhruvéṣu
Notes	¹Vedic

Feminine ā-stem declension of ध्रुवा (dhruvā́)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	ध्रुवा dhruvā́	ध्रुवे dhruvé	ध्रुवाः dhruvā́ḥ
Vocative	ध्रुवे dhrúve	ध्रुवे dhrúve	ध्रुवाः dhrúvāḥ
Accusative	ध्रुवाम् dhruvā́m	ध्रुवे dhruvé	ध्रुवाः dhruvā́ḥ
Instrumental	ध्रुवया / ध्रुवा¹ dhruváyā / dhruvā́¹	ध्रुवाभ्याम् dhruvā́bhyām	ध्रुवाभिः dhruvā́bhiḥ
Dative	ध्रुवायै dhruvā́yai	ध्रुवाभ्याम् dhruvā́bhyām	ध्रुवाभ्यः dhruvā́bhyaḥ
Ablative	ध्रुवायाः / ध्रुवायै² dhruvā́yāḥ / dhruvā́yai²	ध्रुवाभ्याम् dhruvā́bhyām	ध्रुवाभ्यः dhruvā́bhyaḥ
Genitive	ध्रुवायाः / ध्रुवायै² dhruvā́yāḥ / dhruvā́yai²	ध्रुवयोः dhruváyoḥ	ध्रुवाणाम् dhruvā́ṇām
Locative	ध्रुवायाम् dhruvā́yām	ध्रुवयोः dhruváyoḥ	ध्रुवासु dhruvā́su
Notes	¹Vedic ²Brāhmaṇas

Neuter a-stem declension of ध्रुव (dhruvá)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	ध्रुवम् dhruvám	ध्रुवे dhruvé	ध्रुवाणि / ध्रुवा¹ dhruvā́ṇi / dhruvā́¹
Vocative	ध्रुव dhrúva	ध्रुवे dhrúve	ध्रुवाणि / ध्रुवा¹ dhrúvāṇi / dhrúvā¹
Accusative	ध्रुवम् dhruvám	ध्रुवे dhruvé	ध्रुवाणि / ध्रुवा¹ dhruvā́ṇi / dhruvā́¹
Instrumental	ध्रुवेण dhruvéṇa	ध्रुवाभ्याम् dhruvā́bhyām	ध्रुवैः / ध्रुवेभिः¹ dhruvaíḥ / dhruvébhiḥ¹
Dative	ध्रुवाय dhruvā́ya	ध्रुवाभ्याम् dhruvā́bhyām	ध्रुवेभ्यः dhruvébhyaḥ
Ablative	ध्रुवात् dhruvā́t	ध्रुवाभ्याम् dhruvā́bhyām	ध्रुवेभ्यः dhruvébhyaḥ
Genitive	ध्रुवस्य dhruvásya	ध्रुवयोः dhruváyoḥ	ध्रुवाणाम् dhruvā́ṇām
Locative	ध्रुवे dhruvé	ध्रुवयोः dhruváyoḥ	ध्रुवेषु dhruvéṣu
Notes	¹Vedic

Descendants

→ Assamese: ধ্ৰুব (dhrubo)
→ Bengali: ধ্রুব (dhrub)
Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀥𑀼𑀯 (dhuva)
- Marathi: ध्रुव (dhruv)
Pali: dhuva
Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀥𑀼𑀯 (dhuva)
- Hindi: धुव (dhuv), धू (dhū) (obsolete)
Odia: ଧ୍ରୁବ (dhrubô), ଧୁରୁବ (dhurubô)
→ Tamil: துருவம் (turuvam), துவம் (tuvam)
→ Telugu: ధ్రువము (dhruvamu)

Noun

ध्रुव • (dhruvá) stem, m

the celestial pole, the axis mundi
a knot

Derived terms

ध्रुवक्षेम (dhruvakṣema, “firmly fixed, immovable”)
ध्रुवगति (dhruvagati, “a firm position”)
ध्रुववक (dhruvavaka, “the unchangeable longitude of fixed stars”)
ध्रौव्य (dhrauvya, “fixedness, firmness”)

Descendants

→ English: Dhruva

Proper noun

ध्रुव • (dhruva) stem, m

the star Polaris

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of ध्रुव (dhruva)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	ध्रुवः dhruvaḥ	ध्रुवौ / ध्रुवा¹ dhruvau / dhruvā¹	ध्रुवाः / ध्रुवासः¹ dhruvāḥ / dhruvāsaḥ¹
Vocative	ध्रुव dhruva	ध्रुवौ / ध्रुवा¹ dhruvau / dhruvā¹	ध्रुवाः / ध्रुवासः¹ dhruvāḥ / dhruvāsaḥ¹
Accusative	ध्रुवम् dhruvam	ध्रुवौ / ध्रुवा¹ dhruvau / dhruvā¹	ध्रुवान् dhruvān
Instrumental	ध्रुवेण dhruveṇa	ध्रुवाभ्याम् dhruvābhyām	ध्रुवैः / ध्रुवेभिः¹ dhruvaiḥ / dhruvebhiḥ¹
Dative	ध्रुवाय dhruvāya	ध्रुवाभ्याम् dhruvābhyām	ध्रुवेभ्यः dhruvebhyaḥ
Ablative	ध्रुवात् dhruvāt	ध्रुवाभ्याम् dhruvābhyām	ध्रुवेभ्यः dhruvebhyaḥ
Genitive	ध्रुवस्य dhruvasya	ध्रुवयोः dhruvayoḥ	ध्रुवाणाम् dhruvāṇām
Locative	ध्रुवे dhruve	ध्रुवयोः dhruvayoḥ	ध्रुवेषु dhruveṣu
Notes	¹Vedic

References

Monier Williams (1899) “ध्रुव”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, pages 521-522.

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