خراب
See also: حراب
Arabic
Root |
---|
خ ر ب (ḵ-r-b) |
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /xa.raːb/
Declension
Declension of noun خَرَاب (ḵarāb)
Declension
Declension of adjective خَرَاب (ḵarāb)
Singular | Masculine | Feminine | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
basic singular triptote | basic singular triptote | |||
Indefinite | Definite | Indefinite | Definite | |
Informal | خَرَاب ḵarāb |
الْخَرَاب al-ḵarāb |
خَرَاب ḵarāb |
الْخَرَاب al-ḵarāb |
Nominative | خَرَابٌ ḵarābun |
الْخَرَابُ al-ḵarābu |
خَرَابٌ ḵarābun |
الْخَرَابُ al-ḵarābu |
Accusative | خَرَابًا ḵarāban |
الْخَرَابَ al-ḵarāba |
خَرَابًا ḵarāban |
الْخَرَابَ al-ḵarāba |
Genitive | خَرَابٍ ḵarābin |
الْخَرَابِ al-ḵarābi |
خَرَابٍ ḵarābin |
الْخَرَابِ al-ḵarābi |
Dual | Masculine | Feminine | ||
Indefinite | Definite | Indefinite | Definite | |
Informal | خَرَاب ḵarāb |
الْخَرَاب al-ḵarāb |
خَرَاب ḵarāb |
الْخَرَاب al-ḵarāb |
Nominative | خَرَابٌ ḵarābun |
الْخَرَابُ al-ḵarābu |
خَرَابٌ ḵarābun |
الْخَرَابُ al-ḵarābu |
Accusative | خَرَابًا ḵarāban |
الْخَرَابَ al-ḵarāba |
خَرَابًا ḵarāban |
الْخَرَابَ al-ḵarāba |
Genitive | خَرَابٍ ḵarābin |
الْخَرَابِ al-ḵarābi |
خَرَابٍ ḵarābin |
الْخَرَابِ al-ḵarābi |
Plural | Masculine | Feminine | ||
basic broken plural triptote | basic broken plural triptote | |||
Indefinite | Definite | Indefinite | Definite | |
Informal | خَرَاب ḵarāb |
الْخَرَاب al-ḵarāb |
خَرَاب ḵarāb |
الْخَرَاب al-ḵarāb |
Nominative | خَرَابٌ ḵarābun |
الْخَرَابُ al-ḵarābu |
خَرَابٌ ḵarābun |
الْخَرَابُ al-ḵarābu |
Accusative | خَرَابًا ḵarāban |
الْخَرَابَ al-ḵarāba |
خَرَابًا ḵarāban |
الْخَرَابَ al-ḵarāba |
Genitive | خَرَابٍ ḵarābin |
الْخَرَابِ al-ḵarābi |
خَرَابٍ ḵarābin |
الْخَرَابِ al-ḵarābi |
Ottoman Turkish
Alternative forms
- խարապ (harab) — Armeno-Turkish
Adjective
خراب • (harab)
- ruined, desolated, devastated
- uninhabited, having no inhabitants
- Synonym: چول (çöl)
- spoilt, marred, wasted
- impoverished, dilapidated
Noun
خراب • (harab)
- ruin, desolation, devastation, waste
- Synonym: تخریب (tahrib)
- impoverishment, immiseration, dilapidation
- decline, decay, deterioration
Derived terms
- خراب اتمك (harab etmek, “to devastate, ravage, ruin”)
- خراب اولمق (harab olmak, “to be devasted, ruined”)
- خرابلق (harablık, “desolation, ruin”)
Descendants
- Turkish: harap
- → Armenian: խարաբ (xarab)
Further reading
- Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007) “harap”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), volume 1, Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 1872
- Kélékian, Diran (1911) “خراب”, in Dictionnaire turc-français, Constantinople: Mihran, page 533
- Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1687) “Desertus”, in Complementum thesauri linguarum orientalium, seu onomasticum latino-turcico-arabico-persicum, simul idem index verborum lexici turcico-arabico-persici, quod latinâ, germanicâ, aliarumque linguarum adjectâ nomenclatione nuper in lucem editum, Vienna, column 362
- Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1680) “خراب”, in Thesaurus linguarum orientalium, Turcicae, Arabicae, Persicae, praecipuas earum opes à Turcis peculiariter usurpatas continens, nimirum Lexicon Turkico-Arabico-Persicum, Vienna, column 1871
- Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “harap”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
- Redhouse, James W. (1890) “خراب”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon, Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 835
Persian
Pronunciation
- (Classical Persian) IPA(key): [xa.ˈɾɑːβ]
- (Dari, formal) IPA(key): [xä.ɾɑ́ːb]
- (Kabuli) IPA(key): [xä.ɾɑ́ːb]
- (Hazaragi) IPA(key): [xä.ɾɔ́ːb̥]
- (Iran, formal) IPA(key): [xæ.ɹɒ́ːb̥]
- (Tajik, formal) IPA(key): [χä.ɾɔ́b]
Readings | |
---|---|
Classical reading? | xarāḇ |
Dari reading? | xarāb |
Iranian reading? | xarâb |
Tajik reading? | xarob |
Audio (file)
Sindhi
Etymology
Borrowed from Classical Persian خراب (xarāb).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [xərɑbʊ]
References
- Khānu, Balocu (1960-1988) “خَرَابُ”, in Jāmiʻ Sindhī lughāta (in Sindhi), Ḥaidarābād, Sindhu: Sindhī Adabī Borḍ
Urdu
Etymology
Borrowed from Classical Persian خراب (xarāb), from Arabic خَرَاب (ḵarāb).
Pronunciation
- (Standard Urdu) IPA(key): /xə.ɾɑːb/
Audio (IN) (file) - Rhymes: -ɑːb
- Hyphenation: خَ‧راب
Adjective
خَراب • (xarāb) (indeclinable, Hindi spelling ख़राब)
Further reading
- “خراب”, in اُردُو لُغَت (urdū luġat) (in Urdu), Ministry of Education: Government of Pakistan, 2017.
- “خراب”, in ریخْتَہ لُغَت (rexta luġat) - Rekhta Dictionary [Urdu dictionary with meanings in Hindi & English], Noida, India: Rekhta Foundation, 2024.
- Qureshi, Bashir Ahmad (1971) “خراب”, in Kitabistan's 20th Century Standard Dictionary, Lahore: Kitabistan Pub. Co.
- Platts, John Thompson (1884) “خراب”, in A dictionary of Urdu, classical Hindi, and English, London: W. H. Allen & Co., →ISBN, →OCLC
- S. W. Fallon (1879) “خراب”, in A New Hindustani-English Dictionary, Banaras, London: Trubner and Co.
- John Shakespear (1834) “خراب”, in A dictionary, Hindustani and English: with a copious index, fitting the work to serve, also, as a dictionary of English and Hindustani, 3rd edition, London: J.L. Cox and Son, →OCLC
Ushojo
This article is issued from Wiktionary. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.