برق

See also: برف and ترف

Arabic
بَرْق
السَّمَاءُ تَبْرُقُ

Etymology

From the root ب ر ق (b-r-q). From Proto-Semitic *baraḳ- (“lightning”), although Fronzaroli states that the noun "lightning" may be a deverbal form, in which case only the verb would be inherited.

Pronunciation
  • (verb, without mode ending)
    Audio(file)
  • IPA(key): /ba.ra.qa/
  • IPA(key): /barq/

Verb

بَرَقَ • (baraqa) I, non-past يَبْرُقُ‎ (yabruqu)

  1. to produce lightning
  2. to shine, to glitter, to sparkle, to flash

Conjugation
Conjugation of
بَرَقَ
(form-I sound, verbal nouns بُرُوق or بَرِيق or بَرْق or بَرَقَان)
verbal nouns
الْمَصَادِر
burūq or barīq or barq or baraqān
active participle
اِسْم الْفَاعِل
بَارِق

bāriq
passive participle
اِسْم الْمَفْعُول
مَبْرُوق

mabrūq
active voice
الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم
singular
الْمُفْرَد		 dual
الْمُثَنَّى		 plural
الْجَمْع
1st person
الْمُتَكَلِّم		 2nd person
الْمُخَاطَب		 3rd person
الْغَائِب		 2nd person
الْمُخَاطَب		 3rd person
الْغَائِب		 1st person
الْمُتَكَلِّم		 2nd person
الْمُخَاطَب		 3rd person
الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative
الْمَاضِي		 m
baraqtu
baraqta
baraqa
بَرَقْتُمَا

baraqtumā
بَرَقَا

baraqā
baraqnā
baraqtum
baraqū
f
baraqti
baraqat
بَرَقَتَا

baraqatā
baraqtunna
baraqna
non-past (imperfect) indicative
الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع		 m
ʔabruqu
tabruqu
yabruqu
تَبْرُقَانِ

tabruqāni
يَبْرُقَانِ

yabruqāni
nabruqu
tabruqūna
yabruqūna
f
tabruqīna
tabruqu
تَبْرُقَانِ

tabruqāni
tabruqna
yabruqna
subjunctive
الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب		 m
ʔabruqa
tabruqa
yabruqa
تَبْرُقَا

tabruqā
يَبْرُقَا

yabruqā
nabruqa
tabruqū
yabruqū
f
tabruqī
tabruqa
تَبْرُقَا

tabruqā
tabruqna
yabruqna
jussive
الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم		 m
ʔabruq
tabruq
yabruq
تَبْرُقَا

tabruqā
يَبْرُقَا

yabruqā
nabruq
tabruqū
yabruqū
f
tabruqī
tabruq
تَبْرُقَا

tabruqā
tabruqna
yabruqna
imperative
الْأَمْر		 m
ubruq
اُبْرُقَا

ubruqā
ubruqū
f
ubruqī
ubruqna
passive voice
الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول
singular
الْمُفْرَد		 dual
الْمُثَنَّى		 plural
الْجَمْع
1st person
الْمُتَكَلِّم		 2nd person
الْمُخَاطَب		 3rd person
الْغَائِب		 2nd person
الْمُخَاطَب		 3rd person
الْغَائِب		 1st person
الْمُتَكَلِّم		 2nd person
الْمُخَاطَب		 3rd person
الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative
الْمَاضِي		 m — —
buriqa		 — — — — —
f — — — — —
non-past (imperfect) indicative
الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع		 m — —
yubraqu		 — — — — —
f — — — — —
subjunctive
الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب		 m — —
yubraqa		 — — — — —
f — — — — —
jussive
الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم		 m — —
yubraq		 — — — — —
f — — — — —

Noun

بَرْق • (barq) m (plural بُرُوق (burūq))

  1. verbal noun of بَرَقَ (baraqa) (form I)
  2. lightning
    • 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 2:19-20:
      أَوْ كَصَيِّبٍ مِنَ ٱلسَّمَاءِ فِيهِ ظُلُمَاتٌ وَرَعْدٌ وَبَرْقٌ يَجْعَلُونَ أَصَابِعَهُمْ فِي آذَانِهِمْ حَذَرَ ٱلْمَوْتِ […] ۝ يَكَادُ ٱلْبَرْقُ يَخْطَفُ أَبْصَارَهُمْ ۖ كُلَّمَا أَضَاءَ لَهُمْ مَشَوْا فِيهِ وَإِذَا أَظْلَمَ عَلَيْهِمْ قَامُوا
      (please add an English translation of this quotation)
  3. flash of lightning
  4. telegraph

Declension
Declension of noun بَرْق (barq)
Singular basic singular triptote
Indefinite Definite Construct
Informal بَرْق
barq		 الْبَرْق
al-barq		 بَرْق
barq
Nominative بَرْقٌ
barqun		 الْبَرْقُ
al-barqu		 بَرْقُ
barqu
Accusative بَرْقًا
barqan		 الْبَرْقَ
al-barqa		 بَرْقَ
barqa
Genitive بَرْقٍ
barqin		 الْبَرْقِ
al-barqi		 بَرْقِ
barqi
Dual Indefinite Definite Construct
Informal بَرْقَيْن
barqayn		 الْبَرْقَيْن
al-barqayn		 بَرْقَيْ
barqay
Nominative بَرْقَانِ
barqāni		 الْبَرْقَانِ
al-barqāni		 بَرْقَا
barqā
Accusative بَرْقَيْنِ
barqayni		 الْبَرْقَيْنِ
al-barqayni		 بَرْقَيْ
barqay
Genitive بَرْقَيْنِ
barqayni		 الْبَرْقَيْنِ
al-barqayni		 بَرْقَيْ
barqay
Plural basic broken plural triptote
Indefinite Definite Construct
Informal بُرُوق
burūq		 الْبُرُوق
al-burūq		 بُرُوق
burūq
Nominative بُرُوقٌ
burūqun		 الْبُرُوقُ
al-burūqu		 بُرُوقُ
burūqu
Accusative بُرُوقًا
burūqan		 الْبُرُوقَ
al-burūqa		 بُرُوقَ
burūqa
Genitive بُرُوقٍ
burūqin		 الْبُرُوقِ
al-burūqi		 بُرُوقِ
burūqi

Descendants
  • Hijazi Arabic: برق (barg)
  • Maltese: beraq
  • Moroccan Arabic: برق (barq)
  • South Levantine Arabic: برق (barq)
  • → Ottoman Turkish: برق (berk)
  • → Persian: برق (barq)

Hijazi Arabic
Root
ب ر ق
2 terms

Etymology

From Arabic بَرْق (barq).

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /barɡ/

Noun

برق • (barg) m (plural بروق (burūg))

  1. lightning

See also

Moroccan Arabic

Etymology

From Arabic بَرْق (barq).

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /barq/
  • Audio(file)

Noun

برق • (barq) m (plural بروق (brūq) or بروقة (brūqa), diminutive بريق (briyyiq))

  1. lightning

See also

Ottoman Turkish

Etymology

From Arabic بَرْق (barq).

Noun

برق • (berk)

  1. lightning
    Synonym: شمشك (şimşek)

Descendants

Persian

Etymology

From Arabic بَرْق (barq).

Pronunciation
 

Readings
Classical reading? barq
Dari reading? barq
Iranian reading? barğ
Tajik reading? barq

Noun
Dari برق
Iranian Persian
Tajik барқ

برق • (barq)

  1. electricity
    طلا هادی برق است.
    talâ hâdi-ye barq ast.
    Gold conducts electricity.
  2. lightning
    سگ از رعد و برق می‌ترسد.
    sag az ra'd o barq mi-tarsad.
    The dog is afraid of thunder and lightning.
    • c. 1670, Ṣāʾib-i Tabrīzī, “Ghazal 1012”, in دیوان [Dīvān]‎:
      برق را در خرمن مردم تماشا کرده است
      آن که پندارد که حال مردم دنیا خوش است؟
      barq râ dar xirman-i mardum tamâšâ karda ast
      ân ki pindârad ki hâl-i mardum-i dunyâ xwaš ast?
      Has he observed how the lightning strikes the haystack of Man [reducing it to ashes in a moment]—
      He who thinks that the state of Man in the mortal world is worthwhile?
      (Classical Persian romanization)
  3. (chiefly Dari) light (source of illumination)
    برق‌را داغ کن (Dari, more formal)
    barq-rā dāğ kun
    turn on the light
  4. brilliance, glint, flash, sparkle
  5. glaze, sheen

Derived terms
verbs
  • برق زدن (barq zadan)
  • برق کردن (barq kardan)
  • برق گرفتن (barq gereftan)
others
  • برقی (barqi)
  • برق‌رسانی (barq-resâni)
  • برق‌کار (barq-kâr)
  • تابلو برق (tâblo-ye barq)
  • تیر برق (tir-e barq)
  • دکل برق (dakal-e barq)
  • رعد و برق (ra'd o barq)
  • قطع برق (qat'-e barq)
  • کلید برق (kelid-e barq)

South Levantine Arabic
Root
ب ر ق
1 term

Etymology

From Arabic أبرَق.

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): (Urban) /ba.raʔ/, [ˈba.raʔ]
  • IPA(key): (Bedouin) /ba.raɡ/, [ˈba.raɡ]
  • Audio (al-Lidd)(file)

Verb

برق • (baraʔ) I (present ببرق (bibriʔ))

  1. (weather) to be stormy with lightning

Conjugation
    Conjugation of برق (baraʔ)
singular plural
1st person 2nd person 3rd person 1st person 2nd person 3rd person
past m برقت (baraʔt) برقت (baraʔt) برق (baraʔ) برقنا (baraʔna) برقتو (baraʔtu) برقو (baraʔu)
f برقتي (baraʔti) برقت (barʔat)
present m ببرق (babriʔ) بتبرق (btibriʔ) ببرق (bibriʔ) منبرق (mnibriʔ) بتبرقو (btibriʔu) ببرقو (bibriʔu)
f بتبرقي (btibriʔi) بتبرق (btibriʔ)
subjunctive m أبرق (ʔabriʔ) تبرق (tibriʔ) يبرق (yibriʔ) نبرق (nibriʔ) تبرقو (tibriʔu) يبرقو (yibriʔu)
f تبرقي (tibriʔi) تبرق (tibriʔ)
imperative m ابرق (ibriʔ) ابرقو (ibriʔu)
f ابرقي (ibriʔi)

Urdu

Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic بَرْق (barq).

Pronunciation

Noun

بَرْق • (barq) f (Hindi spelling बर्क़)

  1. electricity
    Synonym: بجلی (bijlī)
  2. lightning

Adjective

بَرْق • (barq) (Hindi spelling बर्क़)

  1. quick, active, brisk, alert

References
  • “برق”, in اُردُو لُغَت (urdū luġat) (in Urdu), Ministry of Education: Government of Pakistan, 2017.
  • “barq”, in ریخْتَہ لُغَت (rexta luġat) - Rekhta Dictionary [Urdu dictionary with meanings in Hindi & English], Noida, India: Rekhta Foundation, 2024.
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