أبى

See also: آبى, آتي, أتى, أبي, أتي, آتى, آتی, آبی, آنی, انی, أنى, and آني

Arabic

Root
ء ب ي (ʔ-b-y)

Etymology

Supposedly from Proto-Semitic *ʔabay-; according to unifying theory, the meaning of wanting is the original, but came to be always used with negation, such that this is the bulk of attestation of Biblical Hebrew אָבָה (ʔāḇā), and the dialects which standard Arabic has been based on have dropped the negating particle while other dialects continue the older situation. The alternative view assumes mutilated بَغَى (baḡā, “to desire”), well-known, behind the nonstandard meanings.

Verb

أَبَى • (ʔabā) I, non-past يَأْبَى‎ (yaʔbā)

to reject, to refuse
to have an aversion for
(nonstandard) to will, to desire
(nonstandard) to demand, to ask for
(nonstandard) to be in lack, to be necessary

Conjugation

Conjugation of

أَبَى

(form-I final-weak, verbal nouns إِبَاء or إِبَاءَة)

active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم
verbal nouns الْمَصَادِر					إِبَاء or إِبَاءَة ʔibāʔ or ʔibāʔa
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل					آبٍ ʔābin
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول					مَأْبِيّ maʔbiyy
		singular الْمُفْرَد			dual الْمُثَنَّى		plural الْجَمْع
		1^st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب	1^st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	أَبَيْتُ ʔabaytu	أَبَيْتَ ʔabayta	أَبَى ʔabā	أَبَيْتُمَا ʔabaytumā	أَبَيَا ʔabayā	أَبَيْنَا ʔabaynā	أَبَيْتُمْ ʔabaytum	أَبَوْا ʔabaw
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	f	أَبَيْتُ ʔabaytu	أَبَيْتِ ʔabayti	أَبَتْ ʔabat	أَبَيْتُمَا ʔabaytumā	أَبَتَا ʔabatā	أَبَيْنَا ʔabaynā	أَبَيْتُنَّ ʔabaytunna	أَبَيْنَ ʔabayna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	آبَى ʔābā	تَأْبَى taʔbā	يَأْبَى yaʔbā	تَأْبَيَانِ taʔbayāni	يَأْبَيَانِ yaʔbayāni	نَأْبَى naʔbā	تَأْبَوْنَ taʔbawna	يَأْبَوْنَ yaʔbawna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	f	آبَى ʔābā	تَأْبَيْنَ taʔbayna	تَأْبَى taʔbā	تَأْبَيَانِ taʔbayāni	تَأْبَيَانِ taʔbayāni	نَأْبَى naʔbā	تَأْبَيْنَ taʔbayna	يَأْبَيْنَ yaʔbayna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	آبَى ʔābā	تَأْبَى taʔbā	يَأْبَى yaʔbā	تَأْبَيَا taʔbayā	يَأْبَيَا yaʔbayā	نَأْبَى naʔbā	تَأْبَوْا taʔbaw	يَأْبَوْا yaʔbaw
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	f	آبَى ʔābā	تَأْبَيْ taʔbay	تَأْبَى taʔbā	تَأْبَيَا taʔbayā	تَأْبَيَا taʔbayā	نَأْبَى naʔbā	تَأْبَيْنَ taʔbayna	يَأْبَيْنَ yaʔbayna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	آبَ ʔāba	تَأْبَ taʔba	يَأْبَ yaʔba	تَأْبَيَا taʔbayā	يَأْبَيَا yaʔbayā	نَأْبَ naʔba	تَأْبَوْا taʔbaw	يَأْبَوْا yaʔbaw
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	f	آبَ ʔāba	تَأْبَيْ taʔbay	تَأْبَ taʔba	تَأْبَيَا taʔbayā	تَأْبَيَا taʔbayā	نَأْبَ naʔba	تَأْبَيْنَ taʔbayna	يَأْبَيْنَ yaʔbayna
imperative الْأَمْر	m		اِيبَ ība		اِيبَيَا ībayā			اِيبَوْا ībaw
imperative الْأَمْر	f		اِيبَيْ ībay		اِيبَيَا ībayā			اِيبَيْنَ ībayna
passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول
		singular الْمُفْرَد			dual الْمُثَنَّى		plural الْجَمْع
		1^st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب	1^st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	أُبِيتُ ʔubītu	أُبِيتَ ʔubīta	أُبِيَ ʔubiya	أُبِيتُمَا ʔubītumā	أُبِيَا ʔubiyā	أُبِينَا ʔubīnā	أُبِيتُمْ ʔubītum	أُبُوا ʔubū
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	f	أُبِيتُ ʔubītu	أُبِيتِ ʔubīti	أُبِيَتْ ʔubiyat	أُبِيتُمَا ʔubītumā	أُبِيَتَا ʔubiyatā	أُبِينَا ʔubīnā	أُبِيتُنَّ ʔubītunna	أُبِينَ ʔubīna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أُوبَى ʔūbā	تُؤْبَى tuʔbā	يُؤْبَى yuʔbā	تُؤْبَيَانِ tuʔbayāni	يُؤْبَيَانِ yuʔbayāni	نُؤْبَى nuʔbā	تُؤْبَوْنَ tuʔbawna	يُؤْبَوْنَ yuʔbawna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	f	أُوبَى ʔūbā	تُؤْبَيْنَ tuʔbayna	تُؤْبَى tuʔbā	تُؤْبَيَانِ tuʔbayāni	تُؤْبَيَانِ tuʔbayāni	نُؤْبَى nuʔbā	تُؤْبَيْنَ tuʔbayna	يُؤْبَيْنَ yuʔbayna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أُوبَى ʔūbā	تُؤْبَى tuʔbā	يُؤْبَى yuʔbā	تُؤْبَيَا tuʔbayā	يُؤْبَيَا yuʔbayā	نُؤْبَى nuʔbā	تُؤْبَوْا tuʔbaw	يُؤْبَوْا yuʔbaw
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	f	أُوبَى ʔūbā	تُؤْبَيْ tuʔbay	تُؤْبَى tuʔbā	تُؤْبَيَا tuʔbayā	تُؤْبَيَا tuʔbayā	نُؤْبَى nuʔbā	تُؤْبَيْنَ tuʔbayna	يُؤْبَيْنَ yuʔbayna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أُوبَ ʔūba	تُؤْبَ tuʔba	يُؤْبَ yuʔba	تُؤْبَيَا tuʔbayā	يُؤْبَيَا yuʔbayā	نُؤْبَ nuʔba	تُؤْبَوْا tuʔbaw	يُؤْبَوْا yuʔbaw
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	f	أُوبَ ʔūba	تُؤْبَيْ tuʔbay	تُؤْبَ tuʔba	تُؤْبَيَا tuʔbayā	تُؤْبَيَا tuʔbayā	نُؤْبَ nuʔba	تُؤْبَيْنَ tuʔbayna	يُؤْبَيْنَ yuʔbayna

Derived terms

أَبَى إِلَّا (ʔabā ʔillā)

References

Landberg, Carlo, editor (1920), Glossaire daṯînois‎ (in French), Leiden: Brill, page 12 seqq.
Lane, Edward William (1863) “أبى”, in Arabic-English Lexicon‎, London: Williams & Norgate, page 12
Nöldeke, Theodor (1904) Beiträge zur semitischen Sprachwissenschaft‎ (in German), Straßburg: Karl J. Trübner, pages 66–68
Steingass, Francis Joseph (1884) “أبى”, in The Student's Arabic–English Dictionary‎, London: W.H. Allen

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