חרש

Hebrew

Etymology 1
Root
ח־ר־שׁ (ḥ-r-š)

From the root ח־ר־שׁ (ḥ-r-sh), ultimately from Proto-Semitic *ḥaraθ-. Compare Arabic حَرَثَ (ḥaraṯa, “to plow, to farm”).

Verb

חָרַשׁ • (kharásh) third-singular masculine past (pa'al construction)

  1. To plow, plough:
    עבד את האדמה במחרשה.
    (please add an English translation of this usage example)
    • Tanach, Deuteronomy 22:10:
      לֹא תַחֲרֹשׁ בְּשׁוֹר וּבַחֲמֹר יַחְדָּו
      lo takhrósh b'shór uvakhamór yakhdáv
      Thou shalt not plough with an ox and with a donkey at once.
    • Tanach, 1 Kings 19:19:
      וַיֵּלֶךְ מִשָּׁם וַיִּמְצָא אֶת אֱלִישָׁע בֶּן שָׁפָט וְהוּא חֹרֵשׁ שְׁנֵים עָשָׂר צְמָדִים לְפָנָיו וְהוּא בִּשְׁנֵים הֶעָשָׂר
      He [Elijah] went from there and he found Elisha, the son of Shaphat, while he was ploughing with twelve spans of oxen in front of him and he was with the twelfth.
  2. To devise, forge: to plan evil
    • Tanach, Proverbs 3:29:
      אַל־תַּחֲרֹשׁ עַל־רֵעֲךָ רָעָה וְהוּא יוֹשֵׁב לָבֶטַח אִתָּךְ
      Do not plan evil against your neighbor, who dwells trustingly beside you.
  3. To travel a place or a land in it's whole, entirety or almost that.
    לקראת הבחירות לנשיאות חרש ג'ורג' בוש את ארצות הברית לאורכה ולרוחבה.
    In preparation for the presidential elections George Bush traveled the whole United States throughout.
  4. (slang) To study thoroughly.
    לפני הבחינה חרשתי על החומר.
    (Literally) Before the exam I ploughed on material. (Idiomatically) Before the exam I studied thoroughly the material.
    תראה את החרשן הזה, כבר שבוע חורש למבחן בספרות.
    (please add an English translation of this usage example)
  5. (archaic) To forge: to process metal, wood or stone.
    • Tanach, Genesis 4:22, with translation of the New International Version:
      וְצִלָּה גַם הִוא יָלְדָה אֶת תּוּבַל קַיִן לֹטֵשׁ כָּל חֹרֵשׁ נְחֹשֶׁת וּבַרְזֶל […]
      Zillah also had a son, Tubal-Cain, who forged all kinds of tools out of bronze and iron. […]
Conjugation
Conjugation of חָרַשׁ (see also Appendix:Hebrew verbs) 
non-finite forms
  • to-infinitive: לחרוש / לַחֲרֹשׁ
  • action noun: חֲרִישָׁה
  • passive participle: חָרוּשׁ
finite forms singular plural
m. f. m. f.
past first חָרַשְׁתִּיחָרַשְׁנוּ
second חָרַשְׁתָּחָרַשְׁתְּחֲרַשְׁתֶּם1חֲרַשְׁתֶּן1
third חָרַשׁחָרְשָׁהחָרְשׁוּ
present חוֹרֵשׁחוֹרֶשֶׁתחוֹרְשִׁיםחוֹרְשׁוֹת
future first אחרוש / אֶחֱרֹשׁנחרוש / נַחֲרֹשׁ
second תחרוש / תַּחֲרֹשׁתַּחַרְשִׁיתַּחַרְשׁוּתחרושנה / תַּחֲרֹשְׁנָה2
third יחרוש / יַחֲרֹשׁתחרוש / תַּחֲרֹשׁיַחַרְשׁוּתחרושנה / תַּחֲרֹשְׁנָה2
imperative חרוש / חֲרֹשׁחִרְשִׁיחִרְשׁוּחרושנה / חֲרֹשְׁנָה2
notes
  1. Pronounced חָרַשְׁתֶּם and חָרַשְׁתֶּן in informal Modern Hebrew.
  2. Rare in Modern Hebrew.

or

Conjugation of חָרַשׁ (see also Appendix:Hebrew verbs) 
non-finite forms
  • to-infinitive: לחרוש / לַחְרֹשׁ
  • action noun: חֲרִישָׁה
  • passive participle: חָרוּשׁ
finite forms singular plural
m. f. m. f.
past first חָרַשְׁתִּיחָרַשְׁנוּ
second חָרַשְׁתָּחָרַשְׁתְּחֲרַשְׁתֶּם1חֲרַשְׁתֶּן1
third חָרַשׁחָרְשָׁהחָרְשׁוּ
present חוֹרֵשׁחוֹרֶשֶׁתחוֹרְשִׁיםחוֹרְשׁוֹת
future first אחרוש / אֶחְרֹשׁנחרוש / נַחְרֹשׁ
second תחרוש / תַּחְרֹשׁתַּחְרְשִׁיתַּחְרְשׁוּתחרושנה / תַּחְרֹשְׁנָה2
third יחרוש / יַחְרֹשׁתחרוש / תַּחְרֹשׁיַחְרְשׁוּתחרושנה / תַּחְרֹשְׁנָה2
imperative חרוש / חֲרֹשׁחִרְשִׁיחִרְשׁוּחרושנה / חֲרֹשְׁנָה2
notes
  1. Pronounced חָרַשְׁתֶּם and חָרַשְׁתֶּן in informal Modern Hebrew.
  2. Rare in Modern Hebrew.
Synonyms
Derived terms
  • חָרַשׁ רָעָה
  • לולא חרשתם בעגלתי, לא מצאתם חידתי
See also

Noun

חָרָשׁ • (kharásh) m (plural indefinite חָרָשִׁים, singular construct חָרַשׁ־, feminine counterpart חָרָשִׁית) [pattern: קַטָּל]

  1. A craftsman.
    • Tanach, 2 Kings 24:16, with translation of the Jewish Publication Society:
      וְאֵת כָּל-אַנְשֵׁי הַחַיִל שִׁבְעַת אֲלָפִים וְהֶחָרָשׁ וְהַמַּסְגֵּר אֶלֶף
      vəet kol-anšḗ haḥáyil šiv'át alafím vəheḥaráš vəhammasgér élef
      And all the men of might, even seven thousand, and the craftsmen and the smiths a thousand
Derived terms
  • חָרַשׁ אֶבֶן
  • חָרַשׁ בַּרְזֶל (“blacksmith”)
  • חרש נחושת / חָרַשׁ נְחֹשֶׁת
  • חָרַשׁ עֵץ
See also

Etymology 2

From the root ח־ר־שׁ (ḥ-r-sh). Cognate with Arabic خَرِسَ (ḵarisa).

Verb

חָרַשׁ • (kharásh) third-singular masculine past (pa'al construction)

  1. Not to hear.
    • Tanach, Micah 7:16:
      […] יָשִׂימוּ יָד עַל־פֶּה אָזְנֵיהֶם תֶּחֱרַֽשְׁנָה׃
      […] They will put their hands over their mouths and their ears will become deaf.
    • Tanach, Psalms 39:13:
      […] שִׁמְעָה תְפִלָּתִי ה' וְשַׁוְעָתִי הַאֲזִינָה אֶל דִּמְעָתִי אַל תֶּחֱרַשׁ
      Hear my prayer, Lord, listen to my cry for help; do not be deaf to my weeping.
  2. To be silent, not to speak, not to respond.
    • Tanach, Psalms 83:2:
      אֱלֹהִים אַל־דֳּמִי־לָךְ אַל־תֶּחֱרַשׁ וְאַל־תִּשְׁקֹט אֵֽל׃
      O God, do not remain silent; do not turn a deaf ear, do not stand aloof, O God.
Conjugation
Conjugation of חָרַשׁ (see also Appendix:Hebrew verbs) 
non-finite forms
  • to-infinitive: לחרוש / לַחֲרֹשׁ
  • action noun: —
  • passive participle: —
finite forms singular plural
m. f. m. f.
past first חָרַשְׁתִּיחָרַשְׁנוּ
second חָרַשְׁתָּחָרַשְׁתְּחֲרַשְׁתֶּם1חֲרַשְׁתֶּן1
third חָרַשׁחָרְשָׁהחָרְשׁוּ
present חוֹרֵשׁחוֹרֶשֶׁתחוֹרְשִׁיםחוֹרְשׁוֹת
future first אֶחֱרַשׁנֶחֱרַשׁ
second תֶּחֱרַשׁתֶּחֶרְשִׁיתֶּחֶרְשׁוּתֶּחֱרַשְׁנָה2
third יֶחֱרַשׁתֶּחֱרַשׁיֶחֶרְשׁוּתֶּחֱרַשְׁנָה2
imperative חֲרַשׁחִרְשִׁיחִרְשׁוּחֲרַשְׁנָה2
notes
  1. Pronounced חָרַשְׁתֶּם and חָרַשְׁתֶּן in informal Modern Hebrew.
  2. Rare in Modern Hebrew.

or

Conjugation of חָרַשׁ (see also Appendix:Hebrew verbs) 
non-finite forms
  • to-infinitive: לחרוש / לַחְרֹשׁ
  • action noun: —
  • passive participle: —
finite forms singular plural
m. f. m. f.
past first חָרַשְׁתִּיחָרַשְׁנוּ
second חָרַשְׁתָּחָרַשְׁתְּחֲרַשְׁתֶּם1חֲרַשְׁתֶּן1
third חָרַשׁחָרְשָׁהחָרְשׁוּ
present חוֹרֵשׁחוֹרֶשֶׁתחוֹרְשִׁיםחוֹרְשׁוֹת
future first אֶחְרַשׁנֶחְרַשׁ
second תֶּחְרַשׁתֶּחְרְשִׁיתֶּחְרְשׁוּתֶּחְרַשְׁנָה2
third יֶחְרַשׁתֶּחְרַשׁיֶחְרְשׁוּתֶּחְרַשְׁנָה2
imperative חֲרַשׁחִרְשִׁיחִרְשׁוּחֲרַשְׁנָה2
notes
  1. Pronounced חָרַשְׁתֶּם and חָרַשְׁתֶּן in informal Modern Hebrew.
  2. Rare in Modern Hebrew.
Antonyms
See also
  • הֶחְרִישׁ
  • החרש
  • הִתְחָרֵשׁ

Noun

חֵרֵשׁ • (kherésh) m

  1. defective spelling of חירש: A (male) deaf person, a non-hearing person.

Adjective

חֵרֵשׁ • (kherésh)

  1. defective spelling of חירש

Noun

חֶרֶשׁ • (khéresh) m (plural indefinite חֲרָשִׁים, singular construct חֶרֶשׁ־, plural construct חַרְשֵׁי־) [pattern: קֶטֶל]

  1. surreptitiously
    • Tanach, Isaiah 3:3:
      שַׂר חֲמִשִּׁים וּנְשׂוּא פָנִים וְיוֹעֵץ וַחֲכַם חֲרָשִׁים וּנְבוֹן לָחַשׁ
      (please add an English translation of this quotation)

Adverb

חֶרֶשׁ • (khéresh)

  1. surreptitiously, silently, with out making noise, in secret
    • "שיר הרעות", חיים גורי:
      על הנגב יורד ליל הסתיו / ומצית כוכבים חרש חרש
      (please add an English translation of this quotation)
    • Tanach, Joshua 2:1, with translation of the King James Version:
      וַיִּשְׁלַח יְהוֹשֻׁעַ בִּן נוּן מִן הַשִּׁטִּים שְׁנַיִם אֲנָשִׁים מְרַגְּלִים חֶרֶשׁ
      And Joshua the son of Nun sent out of Shittim two men to spy secretly,
Derived terms
  • שׁוֹטֵר חֶרֶשׁ
See also
  • בַּלָּאט

Etymology 3

See etymology at חורש.

Noun

חוֹרֶשׁ / חֹרֶשׁ • (khóresh) m (plural indefinite חֳרָשִׁים)

  1. defective spelling of חוֹרֶשׁ: a grove, a wood, a thicket: an area with many trees.
Synonyms
See also

Etymology 4

(See definition.)

Noun

חֶרֶשׂ • (khéres) m

  1. (biblical) Alternative spelling of חֶרֶס (“clay, ceramics, earthenware”).

Anagrams
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