собака

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *sobàka.

• (ca. 9^th CE) IPA^(key): /sɔˈbɑkɑ/
• (ca. 11^th CE) IPA^(key): /sɔˈbaka/
• (ca. 13^th CE) IPA^(key): /sɔˈbaka/
• Hyphenation: со‧ба‧ка

собака (sobaka) m

1. dog

• Old Ruthenian: соба́ка (sobáka), саба́ка (sabáka)
  • Belarusian: саба́ка (sabáka)
  • Carpathian Rusyn: соба́ка (sobáka) (rare)
  • Ukrainian: соба́ка (sobáka)
    • → Polish: sobaka (dialectal)
      • → Kashubian: sobaka
• Russian: соба́ка (sobáka)
  • → Aleut: sabaakax
  • → Southern Yukaghir: тоуко (towko)

• Sreznevsky, Izmail I. (1912) “собака”, in Матеріалы для Словаря древне-русскаго языка по письменнымъ памятникамъ [Materials for the Dictionary of the Old East Slavic Language Based on Written Monuments]‎ (in Russian), volumes 3 (Р – Ꙗ и дополненія), Saint Petersburg: Department of Russian Language and Literature of the Imperial Academy of Sciences, column 455

• саба́ка (sabáka) — Old Belarusian

Inherited from Old East Slavic соба́ка (sobáka), further borrowed from Middle Iranian dialectal *sabāka-, from Proto-Medo-Parthian *spā́kəh, ultimately from Proto-Iranian *cwā́, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ćwā́, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱwṓ. Cognates include Russian соба́ка (sobáka), Old Median σπάκα (spā́kəʰ), Old Armenian ասպակ (aspak), Sanskrit शुनक (śunaka) and Avestan 𐬯𐬞𐬀𐬐𐬀 (spaka).

собака • (sobaka) m animal or f animal (related adjective собачїй, diminutive собачка)

1. dog

   Synonym: песъ (pes)

• соба́чникъ (sobáčnik)

• Belarusian: саба́ка (sabáka)
• Carpathian Rusyn: соба́ка (sobáka) (rare)
• Ukrainian: соба́ка (sobáka)
  • → Polish: sobaka (dialectal)
    • → Kashubian: sobaka

• Hrynchyshyn, D. H., editor (1978), “собака”, in Словник староукраїнської мови XIV–XV ст. [Dictionary of the Old Ukrainian Language of the 14ᵗʰ–15ᵗʰ cc.] (in Ukrainian), volumes 2 (Н – Ѳ), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka, page 365
• The template Template:R:zle-obe:HSBM does not use the parameter(s):

  url=sobaka

  Please see Module:checkparams for help with this warning.Bulyka, A. M., editor (2012), “собака, сабака”, in Гістарычны слоўнік беларускай мовы [Historical Dictionary of the Belarusian Language] (in Belarusian), numbers 32 (смыковати – струмень), Minsk: Belaruskaia navuka, →ISBN, page 20

Inherited from Old East Slavic собака (sobaka), from Proto-Slavic *sobaka, derived from Middle Iranian *sabāka-, from West Iranian *spaka, from Proto-Iranian *cwā́, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱwṓ; compare Zoroastrian Dari [script needed] (sabah), Old Median σπάκα (spā́kəʰ) [the source of Old Armenian ասպակ (aspak, “dog”)], Avestan 𐬯𐬞𐬀𐬐𐬀 (spaka, “dog-like”). Cognates include Ukrainian соба́ка (sobáka), Belarusian саба́ка (sabáka), Polish sobaka (dialectal), Kashubian sobaka (“bitch (female dog); dissolute man”), Sanskrit शुनक (śunaka).

• IPA^(key): [sɐˈbakə]

• Audio

  (file)

соба́ка • (sobáka) f anim (genitive соба́ки, nominative plural соба́ки, genitive plural соба́к, relational adjective соба́чий, diminutive соба́чка)

1. dog

   Synonym: пёс (pjos)

   сторожева́я соба́ка ― storoževája sobáka ― watchdog

   дворо́вая соба́ка ― dvoróvaja sobáka ― cur, mongrel, mutt

   Вот где соба́ка зарыта! ― Vot gde sobáka zaryta! ― Now I see it!

   Его́ ка́ждая соба́ка зна́ет ― Jevó káždaja sobáka znájet ― Everyone knows him. (literally, “Every dog knows him”)

   голо́дный как соба́ка ― golódnyj kak sobáka ― as hungry as a dog; wolfish, rapacious

   замёрзнуть как соба́ка ― zamjórznutʹ kak sobáka ― to be chilled to the marrow

   злой как соба́ка ― zloj kak sobáka ― mad as hell (literally, “vicious as a dog”)

   ну́жный как соба́ке пя́тая нога́ ― núžnyj kak sobáke pjátaja nogá ― needed like a hole in the head (literally, “needed like a dog needs a fifth leg”)

   соба́ка на се́не ― sobáka na séne ― dog in the manger

   соба́ку съесть ― sobáku sʺjestʹ ― to know something inside out

   уста́ть как соба́ка ― ustátʹ kak sobáka ― to be dog-tired

   • 1835, Николай Гоголь, “Ноября 12.”, in Записки сумасшедшего; English translation from Claud Field, transl., Memoirs of a Madman, 1916:

     Собаки народ умный, они знают все политические отношения, и потому, верно, там будет всё: портрет и все дела этого мужа.

     Sobaki narod umnyj, oni znajut vse političeskije otnošenija, i potomu, verno, tam budet vsjo: portret i vse dela etovo muža.

     Dogs are clever fellows; they know all about politics, and I will certainly find in the letters all I want, especially the character of the director and all his relationships.

2. hound

   соба́ка-ище́йка ― sobáka-iščéjka ― bloodhound

3. (derogatory, figuratively) mongrel, cur, bastard (a detestable person)
4. (colloquial, figuratively) fox (a clever, capable person)
5. (Internet) @ (at sign)
6. (computing slang) watchdog timer

• дворня́га (dvornjága)

• по-соба́чьи (po-sobáčʹi)
• соба́читься (sobáčitʹsja)
• свинособа́ка (svinosobáka)

• → Aleut: sabaakax
• → Southern Yukaghir: тоуко (towko)

• конура́ (konurá)
• щено́к (ščenók)
• су́ка (súka), кобе́ль (kobélʹ)

Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “собака”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress

Inherited from Old Ruthenian соба́ка (sobáka), from Old East Slavic собака (sobaka), from Proto-Slavic *sobaka, derived from Middle Iranian *sabāka-, from West Iranian *spaka, from Proto-Iranian *cwā́, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱwṓ.

• IPA^(key): [sɔˈbakɐ]

• Audio

  (file)

соба́ка • (sobáka) m animal or f animal (genitive соба́ки, nominative plural соба́ки, genitive plural соба́к, diminutive соба́чка)

1. dog (animal)

   Synonyms: (poetic) пес (pes), су́ка (súka, “female dog”)

• → Polish: sobaka (dialectal)
  • → Kashubian: sobaka

соба́ка • (sobáka) m pers or f pers (genitive соба́ки, nominative plural соба́ки, genitive plural соба́к)

1. (figuratively, derogatory) scoundrel, detestable person

• Bilodid, I. K., editor (1970–1980), “собака”, in Словник української мови: в 11 т. [Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language: in 11 vols] (in Ukrainian), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka
• “собака”, in Горох – Словозміна [Horokh – Inflection] (in Ukrainian)