плющя
Bulgarian
Etymology
Heterogenous:
- Durative-iterative of onomatopoeia плю́сък (pljúsǎk, “splash, slap”) + -я (-ja), from Proto-Slavic *pľuskъ. Parallel to плю́кам (pljúkam), плю́гам (pljúgam), плю́сам (pljúsam), пля́скам (pljáskam), пле́щя (pléštja) from similar onomatopoeias.
- Causative of плю́ска (pljúska, “swelling, bulging”) + -я (-ja), from Proto-Slavic *pľuska < Proto-Balto-Slavic *pljauskāˀ (whence Lithuanian pliaũskė (“billet, chump”)).
- Possibly from a sk-inchoative derivative of Proto-Balto-Slavic *pjáuˀtei (“to chop, to hack”) with expressive sense, akin to Lithuanian pjáuti (“to cut”), Latvian pļaut (“to reap, to mow”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [plʲo̟ʃˈtʲɤ̟]
- IPA(key): [ˈplʲu̟ʃtʲɐ]
Verb
плющя́ or плю́щя • (pljuštjá or pljúštja) first-singular present indicative, impf
Usage notes
Gerov's dictionary gives the intransitive and the transitive meanings separately (probably still distinguished during his time). In the modern language, the two have merged.
Conjugation
Conjugation of плющя́ (conjugation 2.2, imperfective, intransitive)
participles | present active participle | past active aorist participle | past active imperfect participle | past passive participle | verbal noun | adverbial participle | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
masculine | indefinite | плющя́щ pljuštjášt |
плющя́л pljuštjál |
плющя́л pljuštjál |
— | плюще́йки pljuštéjki | |
definite subject form | плющя́щият pljuštjáštijat |
плюще́лият pljuštélijat |
— | — | |||
definite object form | плющя́щия pljuštjáštija |
плюще́лия pljuštélija |
— | — | |||
feminine | indefinite | плющя́ща pljuštjášta |
плющя́ла pljuštjála |
плющя́ла pljuštjála |
— | ||
definite | плющя́щата pljuštjáštata |
плющя́лата pljuštjálata |
— | — | |||
neuter | indefinite | плющя́що pljuštjášto |
плющя́ло pljuštjálo |
плющя́ло pljuštjálo |
— | плюще́не pljušténe | |
definite | плющя́щото pljuštjáštoto |
плющя́лото pljuštjáloto |
— | — | плюще́нето pljušténeto | ||
plural | indefinite | плющя́щи pljuštjášti |
плюще́ли pljuštéli |
плюще́ли pljuštéli |
— | плюще́ния, плюще́нета pljušténija, pljušténeta | |
definite | плющя́щите pljuštjáštite |
плюще́лите pljuštélite |
— | — | плюще́нията, плюще́нетата pljušténijata, pljušténetata |
person | singular | plural | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
present | плющя́ pljuštjá |
плющи́ш pljuštíš |
плющи́ pljuští |
плющи́м pljuštím |
плющи́те pljuštíte |
плющя́т pljuštját | |
imperfect | плющя́х pljuštjáh |
плюще́ше pljuštéše |
плюще́ше pljuštéše |
плющя́хме pljuštjáhme |
плющя́хте pljuštjáhte |
плющя́ха pljuštjáha | |
aorist | плющя́х pljuštjáh |
плющя́ pljuštjá |
плющя́ pljuštjá |
плющя́хме pljuštjáhme |
плющя́хте pljuštjáhte |
плющя́ха pljuštjáha | |
future | pos. | Use ще followed by the present indicative tense | |||||
neg. | Use ня́ма да followed by the present indicative tense | ||||||
future in the past | pos. | Use the imperfect indicative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense | |||||
neg. | Use ня́маше да followed by the present indicative tense | ||||||
present perfect | Use the present indicative tense of съм and плющя́л m, плющя́ла f, плющя́ло n, or плюще́ли pl | ||||||
past perfect | Use the imperfect indicative tense of съм and плющя́л m, плющя́ла f, плющя́ло n, or плюще́ли pl | ||||||
future perfect | Use the future indicative tense of съм and плющя́л m, плющя́ла f, плющя́ло n, or плюще́ли pl | ||||||
future perfect in the past | Use the future in the past indicative tense of съм and плющя́л m, плющя́ла f, плющя́ло n, or плюще́ли pl | ||||||
renarrative | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
present and imperfect | Use the present indicative tense of съм (leave it out in third person) and плющя́л m, плющя́ла f, плющя́ло n, or плюще́ли pl | ||||||
aorist | Use the present indicative tense of съм (leave it out in third person) and плющя́л m, плющя́ла f, плющя́ло n, or плюще́ли pl | ||||||
future and future in the past | pos. | Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense | |||||
neg. | Use ня́мало да and the present indicative tense | ||||||
present and past perfect | Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of съм and плющя́л m, плющя́ла f, плющя́ло n, or плюще́ли pl | ||||||
future perfect and future perfect in the past | Use the future/future in the past renarrative tense of съм and плющя́л m, плющя́ла f, плющя́ло n, or плюще́ли pl | ||||||
dubitative | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
present and imperfect | Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of съм and плющя́л m, плющя́ла f, плющя́ло n, or плюще́ли pl | ||||||
aorist | Use the aorist renarrative tense of съм and плющя́л m, плющя́ла f, плющя́ло n, or плюще́ли pl | ||||||
future and future in the past | pos. | Use the present/imperfect dubitative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense | |||||
neg. | Use ня́мало било́ да and the present indicative tense | ||||||
present and past perfect | none | ||||||
future perfect and future perfect in the past | Use the future/future in the past dubitative tense of съм and плющя́л m, плющя́ла f, плющя́ло n, or плюще́ли pl | ||||||
conclusive | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
present and imperfect | Use the present indicative tense of съм and плющя́л m, плющя́ла f, плющя́ло n, or плюще́ли pl | ||||||
aorist | Use the present indicative tense of съм and плющя́л m, плющя́ла f, плющя́ло n, or плюще́ли pl | ||||||
future and future in the past | pos. | Use the present/imperfect conclusive tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense | |||||
neg. | Use ня́мало е да and the present indicative tense | ||||||
present and past perfect | Use the present/imperfect conclusive tense of съм and плющя́л m, плющя́ла f, плющя́ло n, or плюще́ли pl | ||||||
future perfect and future perfect in the past | Use the future/future in the past conclusive tense of съм and плющя́л m, плющя́ла f, плющя́ло n, or плюще́ли pl | ||||||
conditional | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
Use the first aorist indicative tense of бъ́да and плющя́л m, плющя́ла f, плющя́ло n, or плюще́ли pl | |||||||
imperative | - | ти | - | - | вие | - | |
плющи́ pljuští |
плюще́те pljuštéte |
or
Conjugation of плю́щя (conjugation 2.1, imperfective, transitive)
participles | present active participle | past active aorist participle | past active imperfect participle | past passive participle | verbal noun | adverbial participle | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
masculine | indefinite | плю́щещ pljúštešt |
плю́щил, плющи́л1 pljúštil, pljuštíl1 |
плю́щел pljúštel |
плю́щен pljúšten |
плю́щейки pljúštejki | |
definite subject form | плю́щещият pljúšteštijat |
плю́щилият, плющи́лият1 pljúštilijat, pljuštílijat1 |
— | плю́щеният pljúštenijat | |||
definite object form | плю́щещия pljúšteštija |
плю́щилия, плющи́лия1 pljúštilija, pljuštílija1 |
— | плю́щения pljúštenija | |||
feminine | indefinite | плю́щеща pljúštešta |
плю́щила, плющи́ла1 pljúštila, pljuštíla1 |
плю́щела pljúštela |
плю́щена pljúštena | ||
definite | плю́щещата pljúšteštata |
плю́щилата, плющи́лата1 pljúštilata, pljuštílata1 |
— | плю́щената pljúštenata | |||
neuter | indefinite | плю́щещо pljúštešto |
плю́щило, плющи́ло1 pljúštilo, pljuštílo1 |
плю́щело pljúštelo |
плю́щено pljúšteno |
плю́щене pljúštene | |
definite | плю́щещото pljúšteštoto |
плю́щилото, плющи́лото1 pljúštiloto, pljuštíloto1 |
— | плю́щеното pljúštenoto |
плю́щенето pljúšteneto | ||
plural | indefinite | плю́щещи pljúštešti |
плю́щили, плющи́ли1 pljúštili, pljuštíli1 |
плю́щели pljúšteli |
плю́щени pljúšteni |
плю́щения, плю́щенета pljúštenija, pljúšteneta | |
definite | плю́щещите pljúšteštite |
плю́щилите, плющи́лите1 pljúštilite, pljuštílite1 |
— | плю́щените pljúštenite |
плю́щенията, плю́щенетата pljúštenijata, pljúštenetata |
person | singular | plural | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
present | плю́щя pljúštja |
плю́щиш pljúštiš |
плю́щи pljúšti |
плю́щим pljúštim |
плю́щите pljúštite |
плю́щят pljúštjat | |
imperfect | плю́щех pljúšteh |
плю́щеше pljúšteše |
плю́щеше pljúšteše |
плю́щехме pljúštehme |
плю́щехте pljúštehte |
плю́щеха pljúšteha | |
aorist | плю́щих, плющи́х1 pljúštih, pljuštíh1 |
плю́щи, плющи́1 pljúšti, pljuští1 |
плю́щи, плющи́1 pljúšti, pljuští1 |
плю́щихме, плющи́хме1 pljúštihme, pljuštíhme1 |
плю́щихте, плющи́хте1 pljúštihte, pljuštíhte1 |
плю́щиха, плющи́ха1 pljúštiha, pljuštíha1 | |
future | pos. | Use ще followed by the present indicative tense | |||||
neg. | Use ня́ма да followed by the present indicative tense | ||||||
future in the past | pos. | Use the imperfect indicative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense | |||||
neg. | Use ня́маше да followed by the present indicative tense | ||||||
present perfect | Use the present indicative tense of съм and плю́щил/плющи́л1 m, плю́щила/плющи́ла1 f, плю́щило/плющи́ло1 n, or плю́щили/плющи́ли1 pl | ||||||
past perfect | Use the imperfect indicative tense of съм and плю́щил/плющи́л1 m, плю́щила/плющи́ла1 f, плю́щило/плющи́ло1 n, or плю́щили/плющи́ли1 pl | ||||||
future perfect | Use the future indicative tense of съм and плю́щил/плющи́л1 m, плю́щила/плющи́ла1 f, плю́щило/плющи́ло1 n, or плю́щили/плющи́ли1 pl | ||||||
future perfect in the past | Use the future in the past indicative tense of съм and плю́щил/плющи́л1 m, плю́щила/плющи́ла1 f, плю́щило/плющи́ло1 n, or плю́щили/плющи́ли1 pl | ||||||
renarrative | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
present and imperfect | Use the present indicative tense of съм (leave it out in third person) and плю́щел m, плю́щела f, плю́щело n, or плю́щели pl | ||||||
aorist | Use the present indicative tense of съм (leave it out in third person) and плю́щил/плющи́л1 m, плю́щила/плющи́ла1 f, плю́щило/плющи́ло1 n, or плю́щили/плющи́ли1 pl | ||||||
future and future in the past | pos. | Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense | |||||
neg. | Use ня́мало да and the present indicative tense | ||||||
present and past perfect | Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of съм and плю́щил/плющи́л1 m, плю́щила/плющи́ла1 f, плю́щило/плющи́ло1 n, or плю́щили/плющи́ли1 pl | ||||||
future perfect and future perfect in the past | Use the future/future in the past renarrative tense of съм and плю́щил/плющи́л1 m, плю́щила/плющи́ла1 f, плю́щило/плющи́ло1 n, or плю́щили/плющи́ли1 pl | ||||||
dubitative | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
present and imperfect | Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of съм and плю́щел m, плю́щела f, плю́щело n, or плю́щели pl | ||||||
aorist | Use the aorist renarrative tense of съм and плю́щил/плющи́л1 m, плю́щила/плющи́ла1 f, плю́щило/плющи́ло1 n, or плю́щили/плющи́ли1 pl | ||||||
future and future in the past | pos. | Use the present/imperfect dubitative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense | |||||
neg. | Use ня́мало било́ да and the present indicative tense | ||||||
present and past perfect | none | ||||||
future perfect and future perfect in the past | Use the future/future in the past dubitative tense of съм and плю́щил/плющи́л1 m, плю́щила/плющи́ла1 f, плю́щило/плющи́ло1 n, or плю́щили/плющи́ли1 pl | ||||||
conclusive | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
present and imperfect | Use the present indicative tense of съм and плю́щел m, плю́щела f, плю́щело n, or плю́щели pl | ||||||
aorist | Use the present indicative tense of съм and плю́щил/плющи́л1 m, плю́щила/плющи́ла1 f, плю́щило/плющи́ло1 n, or плю́щили/плющи́ли1 pl | ||||||
future and future in the past | pos. | Use the present/imperfect conclusive tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense | |||||
neg. | Use ня́мало е да and the present indicative tense | ||||||
present and past perfect | Use the present/imperfect conclusive tense of съм and плю́щил/плющи́л1 m, плю́щила/плющи́ла1 f, плю́щило/плющи́ло1 n, or плю́щили/плющи́ли1 pl | ||||||
future perfect and future perfect in the past | Use the future/future in the past conclusive tense of съм and плю́щил/плющи́л1 m, плю́щила/плющи́ла1 f, плю́щило/плющи́ло1 n, or плю́щили/плющи́ли1 pl | ||||||
conditional | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
Use the first aorist indicative tense of бъ́да and плю́щил/плющи́л1 m, плю́щила/плющи́ла1 f, плю́щило/плющи́ло1 n, or плю́щили/плющи́ли1 pl | |||||||
imperative | - | ти | - | - | вие | - | |
плющи́ pljuští |
плюще́те pljuštéte |
1Dialectally marked.
Derived terms
- заплю́щя́ pf (zapljúštjá), заплющя́вам impf (zapljuštjávam)
- изплю́щя́ pf (izpljúštjá), изплющя́вам impf (izpljuštjávam)
- наплю́щя́ pf (napljúštjá), наплющя́вам impf (napljuštjávam) (dialectal)
- разплю́щя́ pf (razpljúštjá), разплющя́вам impf (razpljuštjávam)
Related terms
References
- “плющя”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2014
- “плющя”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Chitanka, 2010
- Duridanov, I. V., Racheva, M., Todorov, T. A., editors (1996), “плюскам, плюсна, плющя”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volumes 5 (падѐж – пỳска), Sofia: Prof. Marin Drinov Pubg. House, →ISBN, page 381
- Nayden Gerov, Тодор Панчев (1901) “плю́щѭ, -ишь; -щи́лъ”, in Рѣчникъ на Блъгарскꙑй язꙑкъ. Съ тлъкувание рѣчи-тꙑ на Блъгарскꙑ и на Русскꙑ. [Dictionary of the Bulgarian language] (in Bulgarian), volume 4, Plovdiv: Дружествена печꙗтница "Съгласие.", page 49
- Nayden Gerov, Тодор Панчев (1901) “плющѭ́, -и́шь; -щѣ́лъ”, in Рѣчникъ на Блъгарскꙑй язꙑкъ. Съ тлъкувание рѣчи-тꙑ на Блъгарскꙑ и на Русскꙑ. [Dictionary of the Bulgarian language] (in Bulgarian), volume 4, Plovdiv: Дружествена печꙗтница "Съгласие.", page 49
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