дебна
Bulgarian
Etymology
From Proto-Slavic *debnǫti, cognate with Macedonian демне (demne)/дебне (debne).
Written as дѣбнѫ (děbnǫ) in Gerov's dictionary (Vol. 1: 388), probably under the influence of the similar sounding Bulgarian дябам (djabam, “to seek advantage, to infiltrate”).
Pronunciation
- де́бна: IPA(key): [ˈdɛbnɐ] (lemma, aorist)
- дебна́: IPA(key): [dɛbˈna] (aorist only)
Verb
де́бна • (débna) first-singular present indicative, impf
- (intransitive) to stalk, to lie in wait (for something or somebody), to be on the lookout for something, to be on the prowl, to shadow
- (transitive) to ambush
- (transitive) to watch, to keep a close watch on
- Synonym: наблюдавам (nabljudavam)
Conjugation
Conjugation of де́бна (conjugation 1.2, imperfective, intransitive)
| participles | present active participle | past active aorist participle | past active imperfect participle | past passive participle | verbal noun | adverbial participle | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| masculine | indefinite | де́бнещ débnešt |
де́бнал, дебна́л1 débnal, debnál1 |
де́бнел débnel |
— | де́бнейки débnejki | |
| definite subject form | де́бнещият débneštijat |
де́бналият, дебна́лият1 débnalijat, debnálijat1 |
— | — | |||
| definite object form | де́бнещия débneštija |
де́бналия, дебна́лия1 débnalija, debnálija1 |
— | — | |||
| feminine | indefinite | де́бнеща débnešta |
де́бнала, дебна́ла1 débnala, debnála1 |
де́бнела débnela |
— | ||
| definite | де́бнещата débneštata |
де́бналата, дебна́лата1 débnalata, debnálata1 |
— | — | |||
| neuter | indefinite | де́бнещо débnešto |
де́бнало, дебна́ло1 débnalo, debnálo1 |
де́бнело débnelo |
— | де́бнене débnene | |
| definite | де́бнещото débneštoto |
де́бналото, дебна́лото1 débnaloto, debnáloto1 |
— | — | де́бненето débneneto | ||
| plural | indefinite | де́бнещи débnešti |
де́бнали, дебна́ли1 débnali, debnáli1 |
де́бнели débneli |
— | де́бнения, де́бненета débnenija, débneneta | |
| definite | де́бнещите débneštite |
де́бналите, дебна́лите1 débnalite, debnálite1 |
— | — | де́бненията, де́бненетата débnenijata, débnenetata | ||
| person | singular | plural | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
| present | де́бна débna |
де́бнеш débneš |
де́бне débne |
де́бнем débnem |
де́бнете débnete |
де́бнат débnat | |
| imperfect | де́бнех débneh |
де́бнеше débneše |
де́бнеше débneše |
де́бнехме débnehme |
де́бнехте débnehte |
де́бнеха débneha | |
| aorist | де́бнах, дебна́х1 débnah, debnáh1 |
де́бна, дебна́1 débna, debná1 |
де́бна, дебна́1 débna, debná1 |
де́бнахме, дебна́хме1 débnahme, debnáhme1 |
де́бнахте, дебна́хте1 débnahte, debnáhte1 |
де́бнаха, дебна́ха1 débnaha, debnáha1 | |
| future | pos. | Use ще followed by the present indicative tense | |||||
| neg. | Use ня́ма да followed by the present indicative tense | ||||||
| future in the past | pos. | Use the imperfect indicative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense | |||||
| neg. | Use ня́маше да followed by the present indicative tense | ||||||
| present perfect | Use the present indicative tense of съм and де́бнал/дебна́л1 m, де́бнала/дебна́ла1 f, де́бнало/дебна́ло1 n, or де́бнали/дебна́ли1 pl | ||||||
| past perfect | Use the imperfect indicative tense of съм and де́бнал/дебна́л1 m, де́бнала/дебна́ла1 f, де́бнало/дебна́ло1 n, or де́бнали/дебна́ли1 pl | ||||||
| future perfect | Use the future indicative tense of съм and де́бнал/дебна́л1 m, де́бнала/дебна́ла1 f, де́бнало/дебна́ло1 n, or де́бнали/дебна́ли1 pl | ||||||
| future perfect in the past | Use the future in the past indicative tense of съм and де́бнал/дебна́л1 m, де́бнала/дебна́ла1 f, де́бнало/дебна́ло1 n, or де́бнали/дебна́ли1 pl | ||||||
| renarrative | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
| present and imperfect | Use the present indicative tense of съм (leave it out in third person) and де́бнел m, де́бнела f, де́бнело n, or де́бнели pl | ||||||
| aorist | Use the present indicative tense of съм (leave it out in third person) and де́бнал/дебна́л1 m, де́бнала/дебна́ла1 f, де́бнало/дебна́ло1 n, or де́бнали/дебна́ли1 pl | ||||||
| future and future in the past | pos. | Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense | |||||
| neg. | Use ня́мало да and the present indicative tense | ||||||
| present and past perfect | Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of съм and де́бнал/дебна́л1 m, де́бнала/дебна́ла1 f, де́бнало/дебна́ло1 n, or де́бнали/дебна́ли1 pl | ||||||
| future perfect and future perfect in the past | Use the future/future in the past renarrative tense of съм and де́бнал/дебна́л1 m, де́бнала/дебна́ла1 f, де́бнало/дебна́ло1 n, or де́бнали/дебна́ли1 pl | ||||||
| dubitative | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
| present and imperfect | Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of съм and де́бнел m, де́бнела f, де́бнело n, or де́бнели pl | ||||||
| aorist | Use the aorist renarrative tense of съм and де́бнал/дебна́л1 m, де́бнала/дебна́ла1 f, де́бнало/дебна́ло1 n, or де́бнали/дебна́ли1 pl | ||||||
| future and future in the past | pos. | Use the present/imperfect dubitative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense | |||||
| neg. | Use ня́мало било́ да and the present indicative tense | ||||||
| present and past perfect | none | ||||||
| future perfect and future perfect in the past | Use the future/future in the past dubitative tense of съм and де́бнал/дебна́л1 m, де́бнала/дебна́ла1 f, де́бнало/дебна́ло1 n, or де́бнали/дебна́ли1 pl | ||||||
| conclusive | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
| present and imperfect | Use the present indicative tense of съм and де́бнел m, де́бнела f, де́бнело n, or де́бнели pl | ||||||
| aorist | Use the present indicative tense of съм and де́бнал/дебна́л1 m, де́бнала/дебна́ла1 f, де́бнало/дебна́ло1 n, or де́бнали/дебна́ли1 pl | ||||||
| future and future in the past | pos. | Use the present/imperfect conclusive tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense | |||||
| neg. | Use ня́мало е да and the present indicative tense | ||||||
| present and past perfect | Use the present/imperfect conclusive tense of съм and де́бнал/дебна́л1 m, де́бнала/дебна́ла1 f, де́бнало/дебна́ло1 n, or де́бнали/дебна́ли1 pl | ||||||
| future perfect and future perfect in the past | Use the future/future in the past conclusive tense of съм and де́бнал/дебна́л1 m, де́бнала/дебна́ла1 f, де́бнало/дебна́ло1 n, or де́бнали/дебна́ли1 pl | ||||||
| conditional | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
| Use the first aorist indicative tense of бъ́да and де́бнал/дебна́л1 m, де́бнала/дебна́ла1 f, де́бнало/дебна́ло1 n, or де́бнали/дебна́ли1 pl | |||||||
| imperative | - | ти | - | - | вие | - | |
| дебни́ dební |
дебне́те debnéte |
||||||
1Dialectally marked.
Derived terms
- задебна (zadebna, “to get stalking”)
- издебна (izdebna, “to find the right moment to act/charge”)
- подебна (podebna, “to stalk for a while”)
- предебна (predebna, “to ambush”)
- дебнешком (debneškom, “secretly, stealthy”)
Related terms
- дебя (debja, “to pray, to hunt upon (stealthily)”)
References
- “дебна”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2014
- Georgiev, Vladimir I., editor (1971), “дебна”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volumes 1 (А – З), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Pubg. House, →ISBN, page 329
Further reading
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