φίλος
Ancient Greek
Etymology
From Proto-Hellenic *pʰílos, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰil-o-s, from *bʰil- (“decent, good, harmonious, friendly”). Cognate with Old Irish bil (“good, mild”) and Proto-Germanic *biliz (“kind, gentle; decent, fair”), whence Old English bile- (“kind, suitable, appropriate”, prefix), German billig (“appropriate, fitting, inexpensive, cheap”) and Dutch billijk (“appropriate”).
Pronunciation
- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /pʰí.los/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /ˈpʰi.los/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /ˈɸi.los/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /ˈfi.los/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /ˈfi.los/
Inflection
Number | Singular | Dual | Plural | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Case/Gender | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | |||||
Nominative | φῐ́λος phílos |
φῐ́λη phílē |
φῐ́λον phílon |
φῐ́λω phílō |
φῐ́λᾱ phílā |
φῐ́λω phílō |
φῐ́λοι phíloi |
φῐ́λαι phílai |
φῐ́λᾰ phíla | |||||
Genitive | φῐ́λου phílou |
φῐ́λης phílēs |
φῐ́λου phílou |
φῐ́λοιν phíloin |
φῐ́λαιν phílain |
φῐ́λοιν phíloin |
φῐ́λων phílōn |
φῐ́λων phílōn |
φῐ́λων phílōn | |||||
Dative | φῐ́λῳ phílōi |
φῐ́λῃ phílēi |
φῐ́λῳ phílōi |
φῐ́λοιν phíloin |
φῐ́λαιν phílain |
φῐ́λοιν phíloin |
φῐ́λοις phílois |
φῐ́λαις phílais |
φῐ́λοις phílois | |||||
Accusative | φῐ́λον phílon |
φῐ́λην phílēn |
φῐ́λον phílon |
φῐ́λω phílō |
φῐ́λᾱ phílā |
φῐ́λω phílō |
φῐ́λους phílous |
φῐ́λᾱς phílās |
φῐ́λᾰ phíla | |||||
Vocative | φῐ́λε phíle |
φῐ́λη phílē |
φῐ́λον phílon |
φῐ́λω phílō |
φῐ́λᾱ phílā |
φῐ́λω phílō |
φῐ́λοι phíloi |
φῐ́λαι phílai |
φῐ́λᾰ phíla | |||||
Derived forms | Adverb | Comparative | Superlative | |||||||||||
φῐ́λως phílōs |
φῐλώτερος philṓteros |
φῐλώτᾰτος philṓtatos | ||||||||||||
Notes: |
|
Number | Singular | Dual | Plural | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Case/Gender | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | |||||
Nominative | φῐ́λος phílos |
φῐ́λη phílē |
φῐ́λον phílon |
φῐ́λω phílō |
φῐ́λᾱ phílā |
φῐ́λω phílō |
φῐ́λοι phíloi |
φῐ́λαι phílai |
φῐ́λᾰ phíla | |||||
Genitive | φῐ́λου / φῐλοῖο / φῐ́λοιο / φῐλόο / φῐ́λοο phílou / philoîo / phíloio / philóo / phíloo |
φῐ́λης phílēs |
φῐ́λου / φῐλοῖο / φῐ́λοιο / φῐλόο / φῐ́λοο phílou / philoîo / phíloio / philóo / phíloo |
φῐ́λοιῐν phíloiin |
φῐ́λαιν / φῐ́λαιῐν / φῐ́λῃῐν phílai(i)n / phílēiin |
φῐ́λοιῐν phíloiin |
φῐ́λων phílōn |
φῐλᾱ́ων / φῐλέ͜ων / φῐλῶν philā́ōn / philé͜ōn / philôn |
φῐ́λων phílōn | |||||
Dative | φῐ́λῳ phílōi |
φῐ́λῃ phílēi |
φῐ́λῳ phílōi |
φῐ́λοιῐν phíloiin |
φῐ́λαιν / φῐ́λαιῐν / φῐ́λῃῐν phílai(i)n / phílēiin |
φῐ́λοιῐν phíloiin |
φῐ́λοισῐ / φῐ́λοισῐν / φῐ́λοις phíloisi(n) / phílois |
φῐ́λῃσῐ / φῐ́λῃσῐν / φῐ́λῃς / φῐ́λαις phílēisi(n) / phílēis / phílais |
φῐ́λοισῐ / φῐ́λοισῐν / φῐ́λοις phíloisi(n) / phílois | |||||
Accusative | φῐ́λον phílon |
φῐ́λην phílēn |
φῐ́λον phílon |
φῐ́λω phílō |
φῐ́λᾱ phílā |
φῐ́λω phílō |
φῐ́λους phílous |
φῐ́λᾱς phílās |
φῐ́λᾰ phíla | |||||
Vocative | φῐ́λε / φῖλε phíle / phîle |
φῐ́λη phílē |
φῐ́λον phílon |
φῐ́λω phílō |
φῐ́λᾱ phílā |
φῐ́λω phílō |
φῐ́λοι phíloi |
φῐ́λαι phílai |
φῐ́λᾰ phíla | |||||
Derived forms | Adverb | Comparative | Superlative | |||||||||||
φῐ́λως phílōs |
φῐλώτερος / φῐλίων / φίλτερος philṓteros / philíōn / phílteros |
φῐλώτᾰτος / φίλτᾰτος philṓtatos / phíltatos | ||||||||||||
Notes: |
|
Derived terms
- Ἀντίφιλος (Antíphilos)
- ἀρηΐφιλος (arēḯphilos)
- Θεόφιλος (Theóphilos)
- Σώφιλος (Sṓphilos)
- Φίλιππος (Phílippos)
- φιλο- (philo-)
- Φιλοίτιος (Philoítios)
- Φιλοκλῆς (Philoklês)
- Φιλοκράτης (Philokrátēs)
- Φιλοκτήτης (Philoktḗtēs)
- Φιλομήλη (Philomḗlē)
- Φιλοπαθώ (Philopathṓ)
- Φιλόστρατος (Philóstratos)
- φιλότιμος (philótimos)
- φιλῳδός (philōidós)
- φίλως (phílōs)
- φῐλέω (philéō)
- φῐλότης (philótēs)
Related terms
- φῐλία (philía)
Descendants
- Latin: -phila
Declension
Case / # | Singular | Dual | Plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nominative | ὁ φῐ́λος ho phílos |
τὼ φῐ́λω tṑ phílō |
οἱ φῐ́λοι hoi phíloi | ||||||||||
Genitive | τοῦ φῐ́λου toû phílou |
τοῖν φῐ́λοιν toîn phíloin |
τῶν φῐ́λων tôn phílōn | ||||||||||
Dative | τῷ φῐ́λῳ tôi phílōi |
τοῖν φῐ́λοιν toîn phíloin |
τοῖς φῐ́λοις toîs phílois | ||||||||||
Accusative | τὸν φῐ́λον tòn phílon |
τὼ φῐ́λω tṑ phílō |
τοὺς φῐ́λους toùs phílous | ||||||||||
Vocative | φῐ́λε phíle |
φῐ́λω phílō |
φῐ́λοι phíloi | ||||||||||
Notes: |
|
Case / # | Singular | Dual | Plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nominative | φῐ́λος phílos |
φῐ́λω phílō |
φῐ́λοι phíloi | ||||||||||
Genitive | φῐ́λου / φῐλοῖο / φῐ́λοιο / φῐλόο / φῐ́λοο phílou / philoîo / phíloio / philóo / phíloo |
φῐ́λοιῐν phíloiin |
φῐ́λων phílōn | ||||||||||
Dative | φῐ́λῳ phílōi |
φῐ́λοιῐν phíloiin |
φῐ́λοισῐ / φῐ́λοισῐν / φῐ́λοις phíloisi(n) / phílois | ||||||||||
Accusative | φῐ́λον phílon |
φῐ́λω phílō |
φῐ́λους phílous | ||||||||||
Vocative | φῐ́λε phíle |
φῐ́λω phílō |
φῐ́λοι phíloi | ||||||||||
Notes: |
|
Case / # | Singular | Dual | Plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nominative | ὁ φῐ́λος ho phílos |
τὼ φῐ́λω tṑ phílō |
τοὶ φῐ́λοι toì phíloi | ||||||||||
Genitive | τοῦ φῐ́λοιο toû phíloio |
τοῖν φῐ́λοιν toîn phíloin |
τῶν φῐ́λων tôn phílōn | ||||||||||
Dative | τῷ φῐ́λῳ tôi phílōi |
τοῖν φῐ́λοιν toîn phíloin |
τοῖς φῐ́λοις toîs phílois | ||||||||||
Accusative | τὸν φῐ́λον tòn phílon |
τὼ φῐ́λω tṑ phílō |
τοὺς φῐ́λους toùs phílous | ||||||||||
Vocative | φῐ́λε phíle |
φῐ́λω phílō |
φῐ́λοι phíloi | ||||||||||
Notes: |
|
Descendants
- Mariupol Greek: фи́лос (fílos)
References
- “φίλος”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “φίλος”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
- “φίλος”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
- φίλος in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
- Bauer, Walter et al. (2001) A Greek–English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, Third edition, Chicago: University of Chicago Press
- φίλος in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
- “φίλος”, in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
- G5384 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
- Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
- acceptable idem, page 5.
- adherent idem, page 11.
- adorable idem, page 13.
- agreeable idem, page 19.
- beloved idem, page 73.
- cheering idem, page 129.
- cherished idem, page 129.
- dear idem, page 198.
- endearing idem, page 272.
- favourable idem, page 311.
- friend idem, page 345.
- friendly idem, page 345.
- glad idem, page 360.
- gracious idem, page 368.
- joyful idem, page 464.
- kind idem, page 469.
- loved idem, page 502.
- loving idem, page 502.
- pleasant idem, page 619.
- precious idem, page 634.
- propitious idem, page 653.
- sweet idem, page 848.
- tender idem, page 861.
- valued idem, page 943.
- welcome idem, page 973.
- Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN
Greek
Etymology
Inherited from Ancient Greek φίλος (phílos), probably from a Proto-Hellenic *pʰílos, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰil-o-s, from *bʰil- (“decent, good, harmonious, friendly”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈfi.los/
- Hyphenation: φί‧λος
Declension
Related terms
Declension
Declension of φίλος
number case \ gender |
singular | plural | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
masculine | feminine | neuter | masculine | feminine | neuter | |
nominative | φίλος • | φίλη • | φίλο • | φίλοι • | φίλες • | φίλα • |
genitive | φίλου • | φίλης • | φίλου • | φίλων • | φίλων • | φίλων • |
accusative | φίλο • | φίλη • | φίλο • | φίλους • | φίλες • | φίλα • |
vocative | φίλε • | φίλη • | φίλο • | φίλοι • | φίλες • | φίλα • |
derivations | Comparative: πιο + positive forms (e.g. πιο φίλος, etc.) Relative superlative: definite article + πιο + positive forms (e.g. ο πιο φίλος, etc.) |
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