Brycheiniog

• Status quo ante bellum

• Northumbria becomes absorbed by the Kingdom of England

Edmund II 
Eadnoth the Younger †
Ulfcytel Snillingr †

• King Edmund, cedes all of England, save Wessex, to Cnut.^[1]
• Following Edmund's death on 30 November, Cnut ascends to the throne as the sole king of England.
• Personal union formed between Denmark and England under Danish hegemony.

Harold Godwinson †
Gyrth Godwinson †
Leofwine Godwinson †

William of Normandy
Alan the Red
William fitzOsbern
Eustace II, Count of Boulogne

• Norman Victory
• England becomes absorbed by the Duchy of Normandy

• Forced Norman Retreat

• Ralph de Gael
• Roger de Breteuil, 2nd Earl of Hereford
• Waltheof, 1st Earl of Northumberland

• Waltheof was beheaded in 1076
• Roger lost his lands and earldom, imprisoned, and beheaded in 1087.
• Ralph lost his lands and earldom, and was expelled from England

Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia

 

Abbasids

• Recapture of Nicaea
• Formation of the Crusader States

Kingdom of Sicily (Holy land Crusade)

Obotrite Confederacy (Wendish Crusade)

• Crusader Victory in Iberian and Wendish Crusades
• Muslim Victory in the Holy Land

Kingdom of Hungary

Kingdom of Sicily

• Treaty of Ramla

• England loses Normandy, Maine and Anjou to France

• Kingdom of France
  • English volunteers
  • Duchy of Burgundy
  • Duchy of Brittany
  • County of Nevers
  • County of Auxerre
  • County of Saint-Pol
  • Viscounty of Donges
  • Viscounty of Torèna
• Papal States
  • Episcopal Inquisition
  • Dominican Order
  • Militia of the Faith of Jesus Christ
  • Hospitallers of the Holy Spirit
  • Knights of Saint George
• Duchy of Austria
  • Duchy of Berg
  • Electorate of Cologne

County of Aurenja

• County of Provence-Forcalquier

• Cathars
• County of Toulouse
  • Viscounty of Béziers and Albi
  • County of Valentinois
  • Lordship of Séverac
• Marquisate of Provence
• Viscounty of Béarn
• County of Astarac
• Crown of Aragon
  • County of Foix
  • County of Comminges
  • Viscounty of Carcassonne
  • Lordship of Menèrba
  • Lordship of Tèrmes
  • Lordship of Cabaret
  • Lordship of Montsegúr
• Exiled knights

• Collapse of the Angevin Empire

• English Withdrawal

Kingdom of Jerusalem

Armenian Cilicia

• Status quo ante bellum

Treaty of Paris

• Military defeat but return to Status Quo

Magh Luirg

France

 Holy Roman Empire

Brittany (Blois)

• Edwardian War - English Victory
• Caroline War - French Victory
• Lancastrian War - French Victory

Forces of Peter of Castile
Kingdom of Navarre
Kingdom of Majorca
Kingdom of Granada
Duchy of Aquitaine Other Elite European mercenaries

• Victory for Henry of Trastámara and his allies.

Portugal

Portugal

 Papal States
 Republic of Venice
 Kingdom of Naples
Kingdoms of Spain
Duchy of Milan
 Holy Roman Empire
 Republic of Florence
Duchy of Mantua
 England (from 1496)

 

• Swiss mercenaries

• Forced French retreat

 

Swiss mercenaries

Scotland

 

Holy Roman Empire

Venice

Republic of Genoa

 

Brandenburg

Jülich-Cleves-Berg

France

• Anglo-French War (1557-1559)

 

Duchy of Savoy

Ottoman Empire

 

Huguenots (Before Edict of Amboise

• Uneasy truce
• The Edict of Nantes granted the Huguenots substantial rights in certain areas
• Paris and other defined territories were declared to be permanently Catholic
• Failure of France's enemies to weaken France and to gain territories

 

German Protestants

Spain

• Peace of Münster, independent Netherlands

• Second Desmond Rebellion

• Famine throughout Munster
• Plantation of Munster

 

 France

 United Provinces

• Decisive Spanish victory
• Philip of Spain crowned King of Portugal^[2]

 

 

 France

French Huguenot forces

• Portugal under Philip of Spain

Order of Saint John

• Status quo ante bellum
• Treaty of London

Scottish Gaelic mercenaries

• Treaty of Mellifont (1603)
• Flight of the Earls (1607)

Treaty of Hague

• Formation of the Dutch Empire
• Portuguese Restoration War
• Dutch victory in the East
• Portuguese victory in South America and Africa

 England

Support:

•  United Provinces

• Spain seeks and signs peace treaty with England in light of imminent war with France
• Treaty of Madrid, similar to previous Anglo-Spanish treaty although somewhat less strict regarding trade
• England bankruptcy practically ends English support to Dutch Republic in Eighty Years' War

• Treaty of Suza
• Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye (1632)

• Treaty of Lisbon
• Charles II of Spain recognizes the sovereignty of the House of Braganza over Portugal and its colonial possessions

Treaty of Westminster

• Treaties of Madrid (1667 and 1670).
• Acquisition of Jamaica, the Cayman Islands, Dunkirk and Mardyck by the Commonwealth of England

• Uti possidetis
• Treaty of Breda

Status quo ante bellum:

• Treaty of Westminster (1674)

 England

 France
Münster (1672–1674)
Cologne (1672–1674)
Swedish Empire (from 1674)

 England

 Dutch Republic
 Holy Roman Empire (from 1673)
 Spain (from 1673)
Brandenburg-Prussia (from 1673)
Lorraine (from 1673)
Denmark–Norway (from 1674)

• Treaty of Westminster (1674)
• Treaty of Nijmegen (1678-9)
• Franche-Comté and Spanish Netherlands cities ceded to France

• Victory for the Mughal Empire
• The British East India Company fined

English factory rejected from Siam, after minor naval action, along with massacre in the aftermath: the war was not pursued. In 1688, a coup forced the closure of all official European trade in Siam for 150 years except for the Dutch.

• Treaty of Ryswick
• Louis XIV recognises William III of Orange as King of England, Scotland and Ireland.

Great Britain (from 1707)

Swedish Empire
 Ottoman Empire
 United Provinces
Brunswick-Lüneburg

• Kalmyk Khanate

Cossack Hetmanate
Denmark–Norway
 Electorate of Saxony
Poland–Lithuania
 Prussia
Hanover

• Britain did not gain or lose anything from the war and exited the war a year before it had ended due to financial trouble

Russian Allied victory:

• Tsardom of Russia establishes itself as a new power in Europe.
• Decline of Swedish Empire and the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth.

• Treaty of Utrecht:
• Philip V recognised as King of Spain by the Grand Alliance
• Spain cedes the Spanish Netherlands, Kingdom of Naples, Duchy of Milan and Sardinia to the Austrian Habsburgs; Sicily to the Duchy of Savoy; and Gibraltar and Menorca to Britain.
• France recognises British sovereignty over Rupert's Land and Newfoundland and cedes Acadia and its half of Saint Kitts to Britain.
• Indecisive or failure for Britain's various allies

Kingdom of Denmark
Anglo-Saxons
Anglo-Scandinavians

An uprising which started 4 years after the Norman Conquest. Edgar Ætheling, the grandson of Edmund Ironside and the last notable heir to the House of Wessex, fought with the support of the King of Denmark Sweyn II, Anglo-Saxons, and Anglo-Scandinavians.

It ended in defeat for the Anglo-Saxons & Anglo-Scandinavians. William the Conqueror paid Sweyn and his Danish fleet to go home, but the remaining rebels refused to meet him in battle, and he decided to starve them out by laying waste to the northern shires using scorched earth tactics. The Norman campaign to reconquer Northern England resulted in a genocide against the people living there.

An anti-Norman insurrection centred on the Isle of Ely. The Danish king Sweyn Estrithson sent a small army to try to establish a camp on the Isle of Ely. The Isle became a refuge for Anglo-Saxon forces under Earl Morcar, Bishop Aethelwine of Durham and Hereward the Wake in 1071.^[3] The area was taken by William the Conqueror only after a prolonged struggle.^[4]

• Treaty of Wallingford
• Henry would do homage to Stephen, in return Stephen promised Henry would become King of England upon his death

Treaty of Falaise

• Scotland cedes the castles of Roxburgh, Berwick, Jedburgh, Edinburgh, and Stirling over to English soldiers
• William is forced to recognize Henry's overlordship

Pro-Angevin forces

Kingdom of Scotland

• Treaty of Lambeth
• Restoration of Magna Carta

• Capture and imprisonment of King Henry III by baronial forces
• Establishment of de facto Protectorate ruled by Simon de Montfort's Parliament until 1265
• Restoration of Royal Authority in 1266
• Peace treaty agreed with Dictum of Kenilworth in 1267
• Statute of Marlborough issued in 1267; legal confirmation of the Magna Carta and Parliament

• Marcher Lords

Supported by: Kingdom of Scotland

• Return of the Despensers
• Execution of rebels
• Revocation of the Ordinances of 1311
• Strengthening of the monarchy until 1326

Edward II (POW)
Hugh Despenser the Younger 
Hugh Despenser the Elder 
Earl of Arundel 

Supported by:
County of Hainaut^[5]

Isabella of France
Roger Mortimer
Earl of Leicester
Earl of Norfolk
Earl of Kent

Continuation of the Despenser War. Isabella of France, and her lover, Roger Mortimers invasion led to:

• Executions of Hugh Despenser the Younger and Hugh Despenser the Elder
• Abdication of Isabella's husband, King Edward II for their son Edward III
• Edward II died, most likely assassinated by orders of Isabella and Mortimer.

• Most rebel leaders executed
• no further attempts by Parliament to impose a poll tax or to reform England's fiscal system.

Supported by:
Burgundian State
Lordship of Ireland
Duchy of Brittany^{[lower-alpha 1]}

Supported by:
Kingdom of France
Kingdom of Scotland
Principality of Wales
Duchy of Brittany^{[lower-alpha 2]}

Yorkist rebels

• End of the Plantagenet dynasty
• House of York reigns for 24 years
• Extinction of the House of Lancaster
• House of Tudor inherits Lancastrian claim to the throne and defeats the Yorkist dynasty
• Establishment of the Tudor dynasty
• End of the middle ages in England
• Strengthening of the English monarchy under the Tudors
• Dawn of the English Renaissance^[6][7][8]

 

Henry VII
Giles, Lord Daubeny

James, Baron Audley  
Thomas Flamank  
Michael An Gof  

 

Edward VI
Edward Seymour
John Russell
Anthony Kingston
William Francis

Sir Humphrey Arundell  
John Winslade  
John Bury  
Robert Welch, Vicar of St Thomas, Exeter  

• rebellion suppressed
• execution of rebel commanders

Confederates

Scottish Covenanters

Bishops' Wars (1639)

• Covenanters defeat Scottish Royalists and England

Second Bishops' War (1640)

• Covenanters defeat Scottish Royalists and England

Irish Rebellion of 1641

• Founding of the Irish Catholic Confederation and beginning of the Irish Confederate Wars

First English Civil War (1642–46)

• Parliamentarian & Scottish Covenanters victory over the Royalists

Irish Confederate Wars (1642–48)

• Parliamentarian conquest of Ireland
• Defeat of Royalists and crushing of Irish Catholic Confederation

Scotland in the Wars of the Three Kingdoms (1644–47)

• Covenanters defeat Royalists and Irish Confederation

Second English Civil War (1648)

• English Parliamentarian victory over the Royalists and Scottish Covenanters forces.
• Execution of King Charles I
• Exile of Charles II
• Establishment of the republican Commonwealth under Oliver Cromwell
• Kirk Party takes power in Scotland

Cromwellian conquest of Ireland (1649)

• English Parliamentarian & Protestant colonists victory over Irish Catholic Confederation and English Royalists
• English Parliamentarian conquest of Ireland
• End of the Irish Catholic Confederation
• Act for the Settlement of Ireland 1652

Third English Civil War (1650–1652)

•  Commonwealth of England victory over Scotland
• Scotland absorbed into the Commonwealth of England

• James II replaced as king by his daughter Mary II and her husband William III

Great Britain (from 1707)

in England, Scotland and Ireland

• Williamite War in Ireland (1688–91) - The Battle of the Boyne saw the last battle between two rival claimants for the throne
• Jacobite rising of 1689 (1689-92)
• Jacobite rising of 1715 (1715–16)
• Jacobite rising of 1719 (1719)
• Jacobite rising of 1745 (1741–1746) - Jacobite restoration attempt defeated