This list of the Cenozoic life of Virginia contains the various prehistoric life-forms whose fossilized remains have been reported from within the US state of Virginia and are between 66 million and 10,000 years of age.

A

• †Abdounia
  • †Abdounia beaugei
  • †Abdounia minutissima
  • †Abdounia recticona
• Abies
• †Abra
  • †Abra aequalis
• Acanthocybium
  • †Acanthocybium proosti
• Accipiter
  • 

    Living adult (center) and chick (lower right) Accipiter striatus, or sharp-shinned hawks
    †Accipiter striatus
• †Achilleodinium
  • †Achilleodinium bioformoides
• Acipenser
• Acmaea
• Acteocina
  • †Acteocina canaliculata
  • †Acteocina candei
• Acteon
  • †Acteon novellus
• †Actinocyclus
  • †Actinocyclus ellipticus
• †Actinoptychus
  • †Actinoptychus marylandicus
  • †Actinoptychus virginicus
• 

  A living Actitis macularius, or spotted sandpiper
  Actitis – or unidentified comparable form
  • †Actitis macularia
• †Adeorbis
• Aegolius
  • †Aegolius acadicus
• Aequipecten
  • †Aequipecten eboreus
• Aetobatus
  • †Aetobatus arcuatus
  • †Aetobatus irregularis
• Aetomylaeus
• Agelaius
  • †Agelaius phoeniceus
• 

  Fossilized skull of the Miocene baleen whale Aglaocetus
  †Aglaocetus
  • †Aglaocetus patulus – type locality for species
• †Aglyptorhynchus
  • †Aglyptorhynchus venablesi
• Albula
  • †Albula eppsi
• Alca
  • †Alca torda – or unidentified comparable form
• Alces – or unidentified comparable form
  • †Alces alces
• Aligena
  • †Aligena aequata
• 

  Fossilized skeleton of the Eocene pig-nosed turtle Allaeochelys
  †Allaeochelys
• Alnus
• †Alopecias
  • †Alopecias grandis – type locality for species
• Alopias
• Aluterus
• †Ambystoma
• Amia
• Amiantis – tentative report
• Ammonia
  • †Ammonia limbatobeccarii
  • †Ammonia sobrina
  • †Ammonia tepida
• †Amonia
  • †Amonia limbatobeccarii
  • †Amonia limbatobeccarrii
  • †Amonia sobrina
  • †Amonia tepida
• †Ampelopsis
• 

  Assemblage of fossilized skeletons of the softshell turtle Amyda
  Amyda – or unidentified comparable form
  • †Amyda pennata
• Anachis
  • †Anachis avara
  • †Anachis camax – or unidentified comparable form
  • †Anachis harrisii
• Anadara
  • †Anadara arata
  • †Anadara callicestosa
  • †Anadara lienosa
  • †Anadara ovalis
  • 

    Shell of an Anadara transversa, or transverse ark clam
    †Anadara transversa
• †Anapteris
  • †Anapteris regalis
• Anas
  • †Anas crecca
  • †Anas discors
  • †Anas platyrhynchos – or unidentified comparable form
• Anguilla
  • †Anguilla bostoniensis – or unidentified comparable form
• †Anguispira
  • 

    Illustration of the shell of a living Anguispira alternata land snail, or flamed tigersnail
    †Anguispira alternata
• Angulus
  • †Angulus agilis
  • †Angulus texanus
• Anisodonta – tentative report
• Anomia
  • †Anomia lisbonensis
  • †Anomia ruffini
  • †Anomia simplex
• †Anomotodon
  • †Anomotodon novus
• 

  A living Anoxypristis cuspidata, or knifetooth sawfish
  Anoxypristis
  • †Anoxypristis macrodens
• †Anthus – or unidentified comparable form
  • †Anthus spinoletta
• Aporrhais
  • †Aporrhais potomacensis
• †Araloselachus
  • †Araloselachus cuspidata
• Arbacia
  • †Arbacia improcera
• †Archaeohippus
• †Archaeomanta
  • †Archaeomanta melenhorsti
• Architectonica
  • †Architectonica ianthinae
• 

  Restoration of an Arctodus, or short-faced bear, with a human to scale
  †Arctodus
  • †Arctodus simus
• Argobuccinum
• Argopecten
  • †Argopecten gibbus
• Arius – tentative report
• Arossia
  • †Arossia glyptopoma
  • †Arossia newmani
• †Ashleychelys
  • †Ashleychelys palmeri
• Asio
  • 

    A living Asio flammeus, or Short-eared owl
    †Asio flammeus – or unidentified comparable form
• †Aspideretoides
  • †Aspideretoides virginianus – type locality for species
• Astarte
  • †Astarte castanea
  • †Astarte cobhamensis
  • †Astarte coheni
  • †Astarte concentrica
  • †Astarte deltoidea
  • †Astarte exaltata
  • †Astarte obruta
  • †Astarte perplana
  • †Astarte rappahannockensis
  • †Astarte undulata
  • †Astarte vaginulata
• Astrangia
  • †Astrangia danae
• †Astroscopus
• Astyris
  • †Astyris communis
  • †Astyris lunata
• 

  Multiple views of a fossilized shell of the volute sea snail Athleta
  Athleta
  • †Athleta haleanus – or unidentified comparable form
  • †Athleta petrosa
  • †Athleta tuomeyi
• †Atractodon
  • †Atractodon stonei

B

• Balaena
  • †Balaena ricei – type locality for species
• Balaenoptera
• 

  Fossilized vertebrae of the Pliocene baleen whale Balaenotus
  †Balaenotus
• Balanophyllia
  • †Balanophyllia conradi – type locality for species
  • †Balanophyllia elaborata
• Balanus
  • †Balanus improvisus
• †Balbocerosoma
• Barbatia
  • †Barbatia carolinensis – tentative report
• Barnea
  • †Barnea costata
  • †Barnea truncata
• Bartramia
  • †Bartramia longicauda
• †Basilotritus
  • †Basilotritus wardii
• Bathytormus
  • †Bathytormus alaeformis
• †Beckettia – tentative report
• Betula
• Bicorbula
  • †Bicorbula idonea
• Bison
  • †Bison bison
• Bittiolum
  • †Bittiolum alternatum
• Blarina
  • †Blarina brevicauda
• 

  Life restoration of the Pliocene toothed whale Bohaskaia
  †Bohaskaia – type locality for genus
  • †Bohaskaia monodontoides – type locality for species
• †Bolcyrus – or unidentified comparable form
  • †Bolcyrus formosissimus
• Bolivina
• Bombycilla
  • †Bombycilla cedrorum
• Bonasa
  • †Bonasa umbellus
  • †Bonasa umbrellus
• †Bootherium
  • 

    Fossilized skeleton of the Pleistocene-Holocene bovid Bootherium bombifrons, or Harlan's musk ox.
    †Bootherium bombifrons
• Boreotrophon
  • †Boreotrophon tetricus
• Bornia
  • †Bornia longipes
  • †Bornia triangulata
• Bos
  • †Bos taurus
• Bostrycapulus
  • †Bostrycapulus aculeatus
• Botaurus
  • †Botaurus lentiginosus
• Brachidontes
  • †Brachidontes potomacensis
• Brachiodontes
• Branta
  • †Branta bernicla
• †Brevirostrodelphis
  • †Brevirostrodelphis dividum
• †Brevoortia
• †Brychaetus
  • †Brychaetus muelleri
• Bubo
  • 

    A living Bubo virginianus, or great horned owl
    †Bubo virginianus
• Buccella
  • †Buccella depressa
• †Buccinifusus
  • †Buccinifusus parilis
• Buccinofusus
  • †Buccinofusus parilis
• Buccinum
  • †Buccinum undatum
• Bucephala
  • †Bucephala albeola
• 

  A living Anaxyrus fowleri (formerly Bufo fowleri), or Fowler's toad
  Bufo
  • †Bufo woodhousei
• Buliminella
  • †Buliminella elegantissima – or unidentified comparable form
• †Bulliopsis
  • †Bulliopsis quadrata
• †Burnhamia
  • †Burnhamia daviesi
• Busycon
  • †Busycon carica
  • †Busycon caricum
  • 

    Shell in multiple views of a Busycon contrarium whelk
    †Busycon contrarium
  • †Busycon coronatum
  • †Busycon incile
  • †Busycon maximum
  • †Busycon maximus
• Busycotypus
  • †Busycotypus canaliculatus
  • †Busycotypus coronatum
  • †Busycotypus incile
  • †Busycotypus rugosum
• Buteo
  • 

    A living Buteo jamaicensis, or red-tailed hawk
    †Buteo jamaicensis
  • †Buteo lineatus
  • †Buteo platypterus

C

• †Cacharias
• Cadulus
  • †Cadulus thallus
• Caecum
  • †Caecum cooperi
• Caestocorbula
  • †Caestocorbula fossata
• †Calasoma
• †Calippus
  • †Calippus regulus – or unidentified comparable form
• 

  A living Calliostoma top sea snail
  Calliostoma
  • †Calliostoma bellum
  • †Calliostoma philanthropus
  • †Calliostoma philothropus
  • †Calliostoma virginicum
• †Callippus
  • †Callippus regulus – or unidentified comparable form
• Callista
  • †Callista perovata
• Callocardia
  • †Callocardia catharia
• Calonectris
  • †Calonectris kurodai – type locality for species
• †Calophos
  • †Calophos plicatile
• †Calorhadia
  • †Calorhadia bella
  • †Calorhadia opulenta
  • †Calorhadia semen
• †Calyptraphorus
  • †Calyptraphorus trinodiferus
  • †Calyptraphorus velatus
• 

  Cambarus
  Cambarus
  • †Cambarus bartonii – or unidentified comparable form
  • †Cambarus longulus – or unidentified comparable form
• †Campanuyla
• Canachites
  • †Canachites canadensis
• †Canarium
  • †Canarium parksii
• Cancellaria
• Cancer
  • †Cancer irroratus
• Canis
  • 

    Modern mounted skeleton of Canis lupus, the grey wolf, to scale with a fossilized skeleton of the Pleistocene wolf Canis dirus, or dire wolf
    †Canis dirus
  • †Canis latrans
  • †Canis lupus – or unidentified comparable form
• Cantharus
  • †Cantharus marylandicus
• Canthon
• Capella
  • †Capella gallinago
• Carcharhinus
• Carcharias
  • †Carcharias hopei
  • †Carcharias teretidens
• Carcharodon
  • 

    Fossilized tooth of the Miocene-Pliocene shark Cosmopolitodus hastalis, or broad-toothed mako
    †Carcharodon hastalis
• Carditamera
  • †Carditamera arata
• †Caricella
• †Carinorbis
  • †Carinorbis dalli
• †Carolinapecten
  • †Carolinapecten eboreus
  • †Carolinapecten urbannaensis
• †Carolinochelys
  • †Carolinochelys wilsoni
• Carphophis
  • †Carphophis amoenus
• Carya
• Caryocorbula
  • †Caryocorbula caribaea
  • †Caryocorbula conradi
  • †Caryocorbula contracta
  • †Caryocorbula deusseni
• Castor
  • †Castor canadensis
• 

  Mounted fossilized skeleton of the Pliocene-Pleistocene giant beaver Castoroides
  †Castoroides
  • †Castoroides ohioensis
• Catharus
• †Catinella
• Catoptrophorus
  • †Catoptrophorus semipalmatus
• †Catostomus
• Celtis
  • †Celtis occidentalis
• Cerithiopsis
  • †Cerithiopsis greenii
• Certhia
  • †Certhia familiaris
• †Cervalces – tentative report
  • †Cervalces scotti
• Cervus
  • †Cervus elaphus
• Cetorhinus
• 

  Life restoration of the Miocene-Pliocene whale Cetotherium
  †Cetotherium
  • †Cetotherium crassangulum – type locality for species
• Chaetura
  • †Chaetura pelagica
• Chama
  • †Chama congregata
• †Charadrisu
  • †Charadrisu vociferus
• Charadrius
  • †Charadrius vociferus
• Chelydra
  • 

    A living Chelydra serpentina, or common snapping turtle
    †Chelydra serpentina
• †Chesacardium
  • †Chesacardium acutilaqueatum
  • †Chesacardium laqueatum
• †Chesaconcavus
  • †Chesaconcavus myosulcatus
  • †Chesaconcavus proteus
  • †Chesaconcavus rossi
  • †Chesaconcavus santamaria
• †Chesapactern
  • †Chesapactern madisonius
• †Chesapecten
  • †Chesapecten clintonius
  • †Chesapecten coccymelus
  • †Chesapecten edgecombensis
  • 

    Shells of the Pliocene scallop Chesapecten jeffersonius
    †Chesapecten jeffersonius
  • †Chesapecten madisonianis
  • †Chesapecten madisonius
  • †Chesapecten middlesexensis
  • †Chesapecten nefrens
  • †Chesapecten santamaria
• Chione
  • †Chione cancellata
  • †Chione cribraria
• Chlamys
  • †Chlamys brookvillensis
  • †Chlamys choctavensis
  • †Chlamys decemaria
  • †Chlamys johnsoni
  • †Chlamys santamaria
  • †Chlamys seabeensis
  • †Chlamys vaunwythei – or unidentified comparable form
  • †Chlamys wahtubbeana
• †Chordeiles
  • 

    A living Chordeiles minor, or common nighthawk
    †Chordeiles minor
• Cibicides
  • †Cibicides lobatulus
• Cingula
  • †Cingula norfolkensis
• Circulus
  • †Circulus liratus
• Cirsotrema
• Cistothorus
  • †Cistothorus platensis – or unidentified comparable form
• Clavus – report made of unidentified related form or using admittedly obsolete nomenclature
  • †Clavus eburnea
• †Cleistosphaeridium
  • †Cleistosphaeridium placacanthum
• Clethrionomys
  • †Clethrionomys gapperi
• Clidiophora
  • †Clidiophora crassidens
• 

  A living Cliona sponge
  Cliona
• Coccyzus
• †Cochliolepsis
• Colaptes
  • †Colaptes auratus
• Colinus
  • †Colinus virginianus
• Coluber
  • †Coluber constrictor
• †Columella
  • †Columella simplex
• 

  Shells in differing orientations of Colus whelk sea snails
  Colus
  • †Colus pygmaeus
• Condylura
  • †Condylura cristata
  • †Condylura crystata
• †Conradostrea
  • †Conradostrea sculpturata
• Contopus
  • †Contopus virens
• †Contropus
  • †Contropus virens
• Conus
  • †Conus adversarius
  • †Conus deluvianus
  • †Conus diluvianus
  • †Conus marylandicus
• 

  Shell of a Corbula basket clam
  Corbula
  • †Corbula extenuata
  • †Corbula inaequalis
  • †Corbula subengota
  • †Corbula texana
• †Coronia
• †Corrundinium
• Corvus
  • †Corvus brachyrhynchos
• †Corynorynchus
• †Costaglycymeris
  • †Costaglycymeris mixoni
  • †Costaglycymeris subovata
  • †Costaglycymeris virginiae
• Cotonopsis
  • †Cotonopsis lafresnayi
• †Coturnipes – or unidentified comparable form
  • †Coturnipes cooperi
• †Coupatezia
  • †Coupatezia woatersi
• Crassatella
  • †Crassatella aquiana – type locality for species
• Crassinella
  • †Crassinella lunulata
  • †Crassinella minor
• Crassostrea
  • †Crassostrea virginica
• Crepidula
  • †Crepidula convexa
  • †Crepidula dumosa
  • †Crepidula fornicata
  • †Crepidula plana
  • †Crepidula radiata
  • †Crepidula spinosium
• 

  Fossil of the Early Cretaceous-Eocene shark Cretolamna
  †Cretolamna
  • †Cretolamna appendiculata
• Cribrilina
  • †Cribrilina punctata
• †Cribroperidinium
• Crocodylus
  • †Crocodylus antiquus – type locality for species
• Crotalus
  • †Crotalus adamanteus – or unidentified comparable form
  • †Crotalus horridus
• Crucibulum
  • †Crucibulum constrictum
  • †Crucibulum costata
  • †Crucibulum ramosum
  • †Crucibulum striatum
• Cryptobranchus
  • 

    A living Cryptobranchus alleganiensis, or hellbender salamander
    †Cryptobranchus alleganiensis
• †Cryptogramma
  • †Cryptogramma acrosticoides
• Cryptosula
  • †Cryptosula pallasiana
• Cryptotis
  • †Cryptotis parva
• Ctena
  • †Ctena speciosa
• †Cubitostrea
  • †Cubitostrea divaricata
  • †Cubitostrea sellaeformis
• 

  Shell of a Cucullaea, or false ark shell
  Cucullaea
  • †Cucullaea gigantea
  • †Cucullaea transversa
• Cumingia
  • †Cumingia tellinoides
• †Cuneocorbula
  • †Cuneocorbula subengonata
• Cupuladria
  • †Cupuladria biporosa
  • †Cupuladria owenii
• Cyanocitta
  • †Cyanocitta cristata
• Cyclocardia
  • †Cyclocardia borealis
  • †Cyclocardia granulata
• 

  Fossilized skeleton of the Eocene bony fish Cyclopoma
  †Cyclopoma
  • †Cyclopoma folmeri – type locality for species
• Cyclostremiscus
  • †Cyclostremiscus obliquestriatus
• Cylichna
  • †Cylichna cylindricus
  • †Cylichna cylindrus
  • †Cylichna venusta
• †Cylindracanthus
  • †Cylindracanthus rectus
• †Cymatogonia
  • †Cymatogonia amblyoceros
• Cymatosyrinx
  • †Cymatosyrinx lunata
• 

  Fossilized cranium of the Miocene bear-dog Cynelos
  †Cynelos
  • †Cynelos idoneus – or unidentified comparable form
• Cynoscion
• Cyrtopleura
  • †Cyrtopleura arcuata
  • †Cyrtopleura costata

D

• †Dallarca
  • †Dallarca carolinensis
  • †Dallarca elevata
  • †Dallarca idonea
  • †Dallarca virginiae
• Dasyatis
• Dasypus
  • 

    Fossilized mandible in multiple views of the Pleistocene Dasypus bellus, or beautiful armadillo
    †Dasypus bellus – or unidentified comparable form
• †Deflandrea
  • †Deflandrea phosphoritica
• †Delphineis
  • †Delphineis angustata
  • †Delphineis biseriata
  • †Delphineis novaecaesaraea
  • †Delphineis penelliptica
• Dendrocopos
  • †Dendrocopos pubescens
  • †Dendrocopos villosus
• †Dendrogapus – or unidentified comparable form
  • †Dendrogapus canadensis
• †Dendroica – or unidentified comparable form
  • 

    A living Setophaga coronata, or yellow-rumped warbler
    †Dendroica coronata
• Dentalium
  • †Dentalium alternatum
  • †Dentalium attenuatum
  • †Dentalium carolinense
  • †Dentalium carolinensis
• †Denticulopsis
  • †Denticulopsis hustedtii
• Dentimargo
  • †Dentimargo aureocinctus
• Desmognathus
• Diadophis
• Dicaelus
• †Diemichtylus
  • †Diemichtylus viridescens
• Dinocardium
  • †Dinocardium robustum
• Diodora
  • †Diodora auroraensis – or unidentified comparable form
  • †Diodora redimicula
• †Diorocetus
  • †Diorocetus hiatus
• 

  Mounted fossilized skeleton of the Paleocene-Miocene crocodilian Diplocynodon
  †Diplocynodon
  • †Diplocynodon hantoniensis
• Diplodonta
  • †Diplodonta acclinis
  • †Diplodonta hopkinsensis
  • †Diplodonta leana
  • †Diplodonta punctata
  • †Diplodonta ungulina
• Discinisca
  • †Discinisca lugubris
• †Discoaster
• Discoporella
  • †Discoporella umbellata
• Discus
  • 

    A living Discus catskillensis land snail, or angular disc
    †Discus catskillensis
• Divalinga
  • †Divalinga quadrisulcata
• †Dolicholatirus
• †Dolichonyx – or unidentified comparable form
  • †Dolichonyx oryzivorus
• †Dollochelys – tentative report
• Donax
  • †Donax parvula
  • †Donax variabilis
• Dosinia
  • †Dosinia acetabulm
  • †Dosinia acetabulum
  • †Dosinia discus
• †Dosiniopsis
  • †Dosiniopsis lenticularis
• Dryocopus
  • 

    A living Dryocopus pileatus, or pileated woodpecker
    †Dryocopus pileatus

E

• †Eburneopecten
  • †Eburneopecten dalli
  • †Eburneopecten scintillatus – or unidentified comparable form
• Echinocardium
  • †Echinocardium orthonotum
• Echinorhinus
  • †Echinorhinus priscus
• †Ecphora
  • †Ecphora gardnerae
  • †Ecphora kochi
  • †Ecphora quadricostata
  • †Ecphora tampaensis
• †Ectopistes
  • 

    Taxidermied male Ectopistes migratorius, or passenger pigeon
    †Ectopistes migratorius
• †Egertonia
  • †Egertonia isodonta
• Elaphe
  • †Elaphe guttata – or unidentified comparable form
  • †Elaphe obsoleta – or unidentified comparable form
• Electra
  • †Electra monostachys
• Elphidium
  • †Elphidium articulatum
  • †Elphidium brooklynense
  • †Elphidium clavatum
  • †Elphidium discoidale
  • †Elphidium excavatum
  • †Elphidium galvestonense
  • †Elphidium gunteri
  • †Elphidium incertum
  • †Elphidium latispatium
  • †Elphidium subarticum
  • †Elphidium tumidum
• †Elytrocysta
• †Empidonax
• Ensis
  • †Ensis directus
  • †Ensis ensiformis
• 

  Life restoration of two of the Miocene baleen whale Eobalaenoptera pursued by the giant shark Carcharocles megalodon
  †Eobalaenoptera – type locality for genus
  • †Eobalaenoptera harrisoni – type locality for species
• Eontia
  • †Eontia ponderosa
• †Eopleurotoma – or unidentified comparable form
  • †Eopleurotoma harrisi
  • †Eopleurotoma potomacensis
• †Eosphargis
  • †Eosphargis gigas
  • †Eosphargis insularis
• †Eosuchus
  • †Eosuchus lerichei
  • †Eosuchus minor
• Epitonium
  • †Epitonium angulatum
  • †Epitonium championi
  • †Epitonium humphreysii
  • †Epitonium multistriatum
  • †Epitonium potomacense
  • †Epitonium rupicola
  • †Epitonium virginianum
• Eptesicus
  • †Eptesicus fuscus
• Equus
  • †Equus complicatus
  • †Equus fraternus
• Eremophila
  • †Eremophila alpestris
• Erethizon
  • †Erethizon dorsatum
• Erolia
  • †Erolia minutilla
• †Erycinella
  • †Erycinella ovalis
• Eschrichtius
  • †Eschrichtius leptocentrus – type locality for species
  • 

    A living Eschrichtius robustus, or gray whale
    †Eschrichtius robustus
• Esox
  • †Esox americanus – or unidentified comparable form
• †Esthonyx – or unidentified comparable form
• Eucrassatella
• Eulima
  • †Eulima dalli
  • †Eulima rectiuscula
• †Euloxa
  • †Euloxa latisulcata
• Eumeces
  • †Eumeces laticeps – or unidentified comparable form
• Eupleura
  • †Eupleura caudata
• 

  Life restoration of the Miocene whale Eurhinodelphis (above)
  †Eurhinodelphis
  • †Eurhinodelphis longirostris
• Euspira
  • †Euspira heros
  • †Euspira marylandica
• Eutamias
  • †Eutamias minimus
• Euvola

F

• Falco
  • 

    A living Falco sparverius, or American kestrel
    †Falco sparverius
• Felis
  • †Felis domesticus
• Ficus
  • †Ficus affinis
• †Fisherichthys – type locality for genus
  • †Fisherichthys folmeri – type locality for species
• Flabellum
• Fossarus
  • †Fossarus lura
  • †Fossarus lyra
• Fusinus
  • †Fusinus exilis

G

• Gadus
• 

  A living Galeocerdo cuvier, or tiger shark
  Galeocerdo
  • †Galeocerdo aduncus
  • †Galeocerdo contortus
  • †Galeocerdo latidens
• Galeodea
• Galeorhinus
  • †Galeorhinus ypresiensis
• Galerita
  • †Galerita bicolor – or unidentified comparable form
• Gallinula
  • †Gallinula chloropus
• Gari
• Gastrochaena
• Gastrocopta
  • †Gastrocopta armifera
  • †Gastrocopta contracta
• Gavia
• 

  Fossilized skull of the Miocene crocodile relative Gavialosuchus
  †Gavialosuchus
  • †Gavialosuchus antiquus
• Gemma
  • †Gemma magna
  • †Gemma purpurea
• Genota – or unidentified comparable form
  • †Genota bellistriata
• Geomys
• Geukensia
  • †Geukensia demissa
• Gibbula – tentative report
  • †Gibbula glandula
• 

  A living Ginglymostoma nurse shark
  Ginglymostoma
  • †Ginglymostoma africanam
  • †Ginglymostoma serra
  • †Ginglymostoma subafricanum
• †Glaphyrocysta
• Glaucomys
  • †Glaucomys sabrinus
• Globigerina
  • †Globigerina apertura
• †Globoquadrina
  • †Globoquadrina hirsuta
• Globulina
• Glossus
  • †Glossus fraterna
  • †Glossus fraternas
  • †Glossus marylandica
  • †Glossus santamaria
• †Glottidia
  • †Glottidia inexpectans
• 

  Fossilized shell of a Glycymeris, or bittersweet clam
  Glycymeris
  • †Glycymeris americana
  • †Glycymeris idonea
  • †Glycymeris lisbonensis
  • †Glycymeris trigonella
  • †Glycymeris tumulus – or unidentified comparable form
• †Goniothecium
  • †Goniothecium rogersii
• Gouldia
  • †Gouldia metastriata
• Granulina
  • †Granulina ovuliformis
• Grus
  • 

    A living Grus americana, or whooping crane
    †Grus americana
• †Gryphaeostrea

H

• †Hadrodelphis – or unidentified comparable form
  • †Hadrodelphis calvertense
• †Haldea
• †Halicetus – tentative report
  • †Halicetus ignotus
• Halichoerus
  • 

    A living Halichoerus grypus, or grey seal
    †Halichoerus grypus
• Hanzawaia
  • †Hanzawaia concentrica
• Hastula
  • †Hastula simplex
• Haynesina
  • †Haynesina germanica
• Helicodiscus
  • †Helicodiscus inermis
  • †Helicodiscus jacksoni
  • †Helicodiscus parallelus
• Hemimactra
  • †Hemimactra confraga
  • †Hemimactra solidissima
• 

  A living Hemipristis weasel shark
  Hemipristis
  • †Hemipristis serra
• Hendersonia
  • †Hendersonia occulia
  • †Hendersonia occulta
• †Heteraulacacysta
• Heterodontus
  • †Heterodontus lerichei
• †Heterotorpedo
  • †Heterotorpedo fowleri
• Hexanchus
• Hiatella
  • †Hiatella arctica
• Hipponix
  • †Hipponix pygmaeus
• Hippoporidra
  • †Hippoporidra calcarea
• Hippoporina
  • †Hippoporina porosa
• 

  Fossilized skull of the Eocene tapir-like mammal Homogalax
  †Homogalax – or unidentified related form
• Hydrobia
  • †Hydrobia truncata
• Hydroides
  • †Hydroides dianthus
  • †Hydroides diantthus
• Hyla
  • †Hyla crucifer – or unidentified comparable form
• Hylocichla
• †Hyopsodus – or unidentified comparable form
• †Hypolophodon
  • †Hypolophodon sylvestris
• †Hyposaurus – or unidentified comparable form
• †Hystrichokolpoma

I

• †Icterus – or unidentified comparable form
  • 

    A living Icterus spurius, or orchard oriole
    †Icterus spurius
• Ilyanassa
  • †Ilyanassa arata
  • †Ilyanassa granifera
  • †Ilyanassa obsoleta
  • †Ilyanassa procina
  • †Ilyanassa trivittata
• †Iodes
  • †Iodes multireticulata
• Ischadium
  • †Ischadium recurvum
• Isistius
  • †Isistius trituratus
• †Isognomen
• †Isognommen
• Isognomon
  • †Isognomon maxilliata
  • †Isognomon maxilliatus
• 

  A living Istiophorus , or sailfish
  Istiophorus
• Isurus

J

• †Jacquhermania
  • †Jacquhermania duponti
• Junco
  • 

    A living Junco hyemalis, or dark-eyed junco
    †Junco hyemalis

K

• Kalolophus
  • †Kalolophus antillarum
• †Kapalmerella
  • †Kapalmerella mortoni
• 

  Life restoration of the Oligocene-Miocene dolphin Kentriodon
  †Kentriodon
  • †Kentriodon pernix
• Kuphus
  • †Kuphus calamus
  • †Kuphus fistula
• Kurtziella
  • †Kurtziella cerina

L

• †Laevihastula
  • †Laevihastula simplex
• Lagena
• 

  Living Lagopus muta, or rock ptarmigan
  †Lagopus
  • †Lagopus mutus – or unidentified comparable form
• Lamna
  • †Lamna obliqua
• Lampropeltis
  • †Lampropeltis doliata
• Larus
  • †Larus hyperboreus
• Lasiurus
  • †Lasiurus borealis
• Latirus
  • †Latirus marylandicus
• Lepisosteus
• †Leptomactra
  • †Leptomactra delumbis
• †Leptophoca
  • †Leptophoca lenis
  • †Leptophoca proxima – or unidentified comparable form
• †Leptoxis
  • †Leptoxis carinata
• Lepus
  • 

    A living Lepus americanus, or snowshoe hare
    †Lepus americanus
• †Levifusus
  • †Levifusus trabeatus
• Libinia
  • †Libinia dubia
  • †Libinia emarginata
• †Limosa – or unidentified comparable form
• Linga
  • †Linga amiantus
• †Lingulodinium
  • †Lingulodinium machaerophorum
• †Lirodiscus
  • †Lirodiscus virginianus
• †Lirofusus – or unidentified comparable form
• Lirophora
  • †Lirophora alveata
  • †Lirophora dalli
  • †Lirophora latilirata
  • †Lirophora vredenburgi
• †Lirosoma
  • †Lirosoma sulcata
  • †Lirosoma sulcosa
• Litiopa
  • †Litiopa marylandica
• Littoraria
  • †Littoraria irrorata
• Lontra
  • 

    Pair of living Lontra canadensis, or North American river otter
    †Lontra canadensis
• Lophius
  • †Lophius sagittidens
• †Lophocysta – tentative report
• Lophodytes
  • †Lophodytes cucullatus
• Lopholatilus
• Loxia
• Lucina
  • †Lucina aquiana – type locality for species
  • †Lucina divaricata
  • †Lucina pomilia
  • †Lucina squamata
• Lucinisca
  • †Lucinisca cribarius
• Lucinoma
  • †Lucinoma contracta
• Lunatia
  • †Lunatia interna
• †Lutianus
• Lydiphnis
  • †Lydiphnis novicastri
• Lymnaea
  • †Lymnaea catascopium
• Lynx
  • 

    A living Lynx rufus, or bobcat
    †Lynx rufus – or unidentified comparable form
• Lyonsia
  • †Lyonsia hyalina

M

• Macoma
  • 

    Shell of a Limecola balthica, or Baltic clam
    †Macoma balthica
  • †Macoma calcarea
  • †Macoma constricta
  • †Macoma tenta
• Macrocallista
  • †Macrocallista reposta
  • †Macrocallista subimpressa
• Mactrodesma
  • †Mactrodesma subponderosa
• †Mactropsis
  • †Mactropsis olssoni
• Makaira
  • †Makaira nigricans – or unidentified comparable form
• †Mammut
  • †Mammut americaneum
  • †Mammut americanum
• †Mammuthus
  • †Mammuthus columbi
  • 

    Life restorations of a Mammut americanum, or American mastodon (right), and a Mammuthus primigenius, or wooly mammoth (left)
    †Mammuthus primigenius
• Marevalvata
  • †Marevalvata tricarinata
• †Margaritaria
  • †Margaritaria abrupta
• Marginella
  • †Marginella bella
  • †Marginella denticulata
• †Mariacolpus
  • †Mariacolpus plebeia
• †Mariafusus
  • †Mariafusus marylandica
• Marmota
  • 

    A living Marmota monax, or groundhog
    †Marmota monax
• †Marvacrassatella
  • †Marvacrassatella cyclopterus
  • †Marvacrassatella marylandica
  • †Marvacrassatella surryensis
  • †Marvacrassatella turgidula
  • †Marvacrassatella undulata
  • †Marvacrassatella undulatus
  • †Marvacrassatella urbannaensis
  • †Marvacrassatella urbannensis
• Massilina
• Masticophis
  • †Masticophis flagellum
• †Mclelannia
  • †Mclelannia aenigma
• Megaceryle
  • †Megaceryle alcyon
• 

  Mounted fossilized skeleton of the Miocene-Pleistocene ground sloth Megalonyx
  †Megalonyx
  • †Megalonyx jeffersonii
• Megalops
• Megaptera
  • †Megaptera expansa
• Melanerpes
  • †Melanerpes carolinus
  • †Melanerpes erythrocephalus
• Meleagris
  • †Meleagris gallopavo
• Mellita
  • †Mellita aclinensis
  • †Mellita aclinus
• Melospiza
  • †Melospiza melodia
• Membranipora
  • †Membranipora tenuis
• Membraniporella
  • †Membraniporella petasus – or unidentified comparable form
• Mephitis
  • †Mephitis mephitis
• Mercenaria
  • †Mercenaria campechiensis
  • †Mercenaria capax
  • †Mercenaria corrugata
  • †Mercenaria cuneata
  • †Mercenaria druidi
  • †Mercenaria inflata
  • 

    Collection of Mercenaria mercenaria, also known as hard clams or quahogs
    †Mercenaria mercenaria
  • †Mercenaria tetrica
• Mergus
• †Meridiania
  • †Meridiania conyexa
• †Merychippus
• †Mesocetus
  • †Mesocetus pusillus
  • †Mesocetus siphunculus – type locality for species
• Mesoplodon
  • †Mesoplodon longirostris – or unidentified comparable form
• †Mesorhytis – tentative report
  • †Mesorhytis pomonkensis
• 

  Mounted fossilized skeleton of the Miocene-Pleistocene manatee relative Metaxytherium
  †Metaxytherium
  • †Metaxytherium crataegense
  • †Metaxytherium cratagense
• †Metopocetus – type locality for genus
  • †Metopocetus durinasus – type locality for species
• Microporella
  • †Microporella ciliata
• Microtus
  • †Microtus chrotorrhinus
  • †Microtus ochrogaster
  • †Microtus pennsylvanicus
  • 

    A living Microtus pinetorum, or woodland vole
    †Microtus pinetorum
  • †Microtus xanthognathus
  • †Microtus zanthognathus
• Mictomys
  • †Mictomys borealis
• Miltha
  • †Miltha aquiana
• †Miocepphus
  • †Miocepphus blowi – type locality for species
  • †Miocepphus bohaskai
  • †Miocepphus mcclungi
• Mitrella
  • †Mitrella communius
• Modiolus
  • †Modiolus ducateli
  • †Modiolus squamosus
• Mola
• Molothrus
  • 

    A living Molothrus ater, or brown-headed cowbird
    †Molothrus ater
• †Monotherium
  • †Monotherium wymani
• Morus
  • †Morus bassanus
• †Moxostoma
• Mulinia
  • †Mulinia congesta
  • †Mulinia congregata
  • †Mulinia lateralis
• †Multiporina
  • †Multiporina cornuta
• Musculus
  • †Musculus lateralis
  • †Musculus virginica
• Mustela
  • †Mustela americana
  • †Mustela nivalis
  • †Mustela richardsonii
• †Mya
  • †Mya arenaria
  • †Mya wilsoni – tentative report
• Myliobatis
  • †Myliobatis dixoni
  • †Myliobatis latidens
  • †Myliobatis striatus
• 

  Fossilized skeleton of the Pliocene-Holocene peccary Mylohyus
  †Mylohyus
  • †Mylohyus fossilis
• Myochama
• Myotis
  • †Myotis grisescens
  • †Myotis keenii
  • †Myotis lucifugus
• Myriophyllum
• Myrtea – tentative report
  • †Myrtea curta – or unidentified comparable form
  • †Myrtea uhleri
• Mytilus
  • †Mytilus edulis

N

• †Nannaria
• †Nanogyra
  • †Nanogyra virgula
• Napaeozapus
  • †Napaeozapus insignis
• †Napeozapus
  • †Napeozapus insignis
• 

  A living Nassarius, or nassa mud snail
  Nassarius
  • †Nassarius marylandica
  • †Nassarius peralta
• Naticarius
• Natrix
• Nebrius
  • †Nebrius thielensis
• Negaprion
• Nemocardium
• Neofiber
  • †Neofiber leonardi
• †Neopanope
  • †Neopanope texana
• Neogale
  • †Neogale frenata
  • †Neogale vison
• Neotoma
  • 

    Close-up of a Neotoma floridana, or eastern woodrat
    †Neotoma floridana
• Nerodia
  • †Nerodia sipedon
• Neverita
  • †Neverita duplicatus
• †Ninoziphius
  • †Ninoziphius platyrostris – or unidentified comparable form
• †Nipa – or unidentified comparable form
  • †Nipa burtini
• Niso
• †Nocomis
  • 

    A living Nocomis raneyi, or bull chub
    †Nocomis raneyi – or unidentified comparable form
• Noetia
  • †Noetia incile
• Nonion
• Nonionella
  • †Nonionella atlantica
• Notidanus
  • †Notidanus primigenius
• Notophthalmus
  • †Notophthalmus viridescens – or unidentified comparable form
• Notorhynchus
• 

  Close-up portrait of a living Notorynchus cepedianus, or broadnose sevengill shark
  Notorynchus
  • †Notorynchus cepidianus
• †Noturus
• Nucula
  • †Nucula ovula
  • †Nucula proxima
  • †Nucula taphria
• Nuculana
  • †Nuculana acuta
  • †Nuculana cliftonensis
  • †Nuculana coelatella
  • †Nuculana cultelliformis
  • †Nuculana improcera
• †Nyssa
  • †Nyssa sylavtica

O

• Ochotona
• Ocypode
• Odobenus
  • †Odobenus rosmarus
• Odocoileus
  • †Odocoileus virginianus
• Odontaspis
  • †Odontaspis macrota
  • †Odontaspis winkleri
• 

  Illustration of a fossilized partial skull of the Paleocene-Eocene pseudo-toothed bird Odontopteryx
  †Odontopteryx – tentative report
• Odostomia
• Oliva
  • †Oliva canaliculata
  • †Oliva carolinae
  • †Oliva sayana
• Olivella
  • †Olivella mutica
• Ondatra
  • †Ondatra zibethicus
• Onthophagus
  • †Onthophagus janus – or unidentified comparable form
• †Ontocetus – type locality for genus
  • †Ontocetus emmonsi – type locality for species
• †Operculodinium
• Opheodrys
• †Opsanus
• Orthoyoldia
  • †Orthoyoldia psammotaea
• 

  Life restoration of the Miocene sperm whale Orycterocetus
  †Orycterocetus
  • †Orycterocetus crocodilinus – type locality for species
• †Osteopygis
  • †Osteopygis roundsi – type locality for species
• †Ostracion
  • †Ostracion meretrix
• Ostrea
  • †Ostrea alepidota
  • †Ostrea compressirostra
  • †Ostrea raveneliana
  • †Ostrea sinuosa
• †Otodus
  • 

    Diagram illustrating the largest (grey) and most conservative (red) size estimates of the Miocene-Pliocene shark Carcharocles megalodon (sometimes Carcharodon or Otodus megalodon) with a whale shark (violet), great white shark (green), and anachronistic human (black) to scale
    †Otodus megalodon
• Otus
  • †Otus asio
• †Oxyrhina
  • †Oxyrhina retroflexa
• †Oxyura
  • †Oxyura jamaicensis

P

• †Pachecoa
  • †Pachecoa decisa – or unidentified comparable form
  • †Pachecoa ellipsis
• †Pachygaleus
  • †Pachygaleus lefevrei
• †Palaeocystodinium
  • †Palaeocystodinium golzowense
• †Palaeogaleus
  • †Palaeogaleus vincenti
• †Palaeohypotodus
  • †Palaeohypotodus ratoti
• 

  Restoration of the Cretaceous-Eocene sea snake Palaeophis
  †Palaeophis
  • †Palaeophis casei
  • †Palaeophis grandis
  • †Palaeophis toliapicus
  • †Palaeophis virginianus – type locality for species
• †Palaeorhincodon
  • †Palaeorhincodon wardi
• †Palaeosinopa – or unidentified comparable form
• Pandora
  • †Pandora arenosa
  • †Pandora gouldiana
  • †Pandora trilineata
• Panopea
  • †Panopea elongata
  • †Panopea goldfussi
  • †Panopea goldfussii
  • †Panopea reflexa
• Panopeus
  • †Panopeus herbstii
• Panthera
  • 

    A living Panthera leo, or lion
    †Panthera leo
• Paraconcavus
  • †Paraconcavus neusensis
  • †Paraconcavus prebrevicalcar
• †Paralbula
  • †Paralbula marylandica
• †Paramya
  • †Paramya subovata
• Parascalops
  • †Parascalops breweri
• 

  Life restoration of the Miocene baleen whale Parietobalaena and calf
  †Parietobalaena
  • †Parietobalaena palmeri
• †Parophisaurus
  • †Parophisaurus mccloskeyi – type locality for species
• Parus
  • †Parus bicolor
• Parvanachis
  • †Parvanachis obesa
• Parvilucina
  • †Parvilucina crenulata
  • †Parvilucina multilineatus
  • †Parvilucina multistriata
• Passerella
  • 

    A living Passerella iliaca, or fox sparrow
    †Passerella iliaca
• Pecten
  • †Pecten humphreysii
  • †Pecten marylandica
  • †Pecten perplanus
  • †Pecten seabeensis
• †Pedalion
  • †Pedalion maxillatum
• Pedioecetes
  • †Pedioecetes phasianellus
• Pekania
  • †Pekania pennanti – or unidentified comparable form
• 

  Life restoration of the Oligocene-Pleistocene false-toothed bird Pelagornis
  †Pelagornis
• †Pelocetus
  • †Pelocetus calvertensis
• †Pentadinium
  • †Pentadinium goniferum
  • †Pentadinium laticinctum
• †Peradectes
  • †Peradectes guottai – type locality for species
• †Perimyotis
  • †Perimyotis subflavus
• Periploma
  • †Periploma leanum
• Perisoreus
  • 

    A living Perisoreus canadensis, or grey jay
    †Perisoreus canadensis
• †Perisorus
  • †Perisorus canadensis
• Peristernia
  • †Peristernia filicata
• Peromyscus
  • †Peromyscus leucopus
  • †Peromyscus maniculatus
• Petaloconchus
  • †Petaloconchus graniferus
  • †Petaloconchus virginica
• †Petriathyris
• Petricola
  • †Petricola pholadiformis
• Petrochelidon
  • †Petrochelidon pyrrhonota
• †Petrocheliodon
  • †Petrocheliodon pyrrhonota
• †Phalacrocoras
  • †Phalacrocoras auritus
• Phalacrocorax
  • 

    A living Phalacrocorax auritus, or double-crested cormorant
    †Phalacrocorax auritus
• †Phenacomya
  • †Phenacomya petrosa
• Phenacomys
  • †Phenacomys intermedius
  • †Phenacomys ungava – or unidentified comparable form
• †Phocageneus – type locality for genus
  • †Phocageneus venustus – type locality for species
• Pholadomya
  • †Pholadomya marylandica
• Pholas
  • †Pholas petrosa – tentative report
• Phyllodus
  • †Phyllodus toliapicus
• Physa
  • †Physa heterostropha
• †Physogaleus
  • †Physogaleus contortus
  • †Physogaleus secundas
• †Phytolacca
  • †Phytolacca decandra
• Pica
  • †Pica pica
• Picea
• †Pinguinus
  • 

    Taxidermied specimen of Pinguinus impennis, or the great auk
    †Pinguinus impennis
• Pinicola – or unidentified comparable form
  • †Pinicola enucleator
• †Pinquinus
  • †Pinquinus impennis
• Pinus
• †Pipestrellus
  • †Pipestrellus subflavus
• Pipistrellus
  • †Pipistrellus subflavus
• Piranga
• Pisania
  • †Pisania nux
• Pisidium
  • †Pisidium dubium
• †Pisodus
  • †Pisodus oweni
• Pitar
  • †Pitar eversus
  • †Pitar morrhuanus
  • †Pitar ovatus
  • †Pitar pyga
• Placopecten
  • †Placopecten clintonius
  • †Placopecten princepoides
• †Plagiarca
  • †Plagiarca rhomboidella
• 

  Restoration of a herd of alarmed Miocene-Pleistocene peccaries of the genus Platygonus. Charles R. Knight (1922).
  †Platygonus
  • †Platygonus compressus
  • †Platygonus vetus
• Plecotus
  • †Plecotus townsendii – or unidentified comparable form
• †Pleiorytis
  • †Pleiorytis centenaria
• Pleuromeris
  • †Pleuromeris tridentata
• Plicatula
  • †Plicatula filamentosa
  • †Plicatula gibbosa
• Pluvialis
  • †Pluvialis dominica
• Podiceps
  • 

    A living Podiceps auritus, or horned grebe
    †Podiceps auritus
• Podilymbus
  • †Podilymbus podiceps
• Pogonias
  • †Pogonias multidentatus – type locality for species
• Polinices
  • †Polinices aratus
• Polydora
• Polygonum
• †Pomatiopsis
  • †Pomatiopsis lapidaria
• †Pooecetes
  • †Pooecetes gramineus
• Poroeponides
  • †Poroeponides lateralis
  • †Poroeponides repanda – or unidentified comparable form
• Porzana
  • †Porzana carolina
• †Potamogeton
• †Premontria
  • †Premontria degremonti
• †Prionodon
  • †Prionodon egertoni
• Prionotus
• †Priscoficus
  • †Priscoficus arguta
• Pristis
  • †Pristis brachyodon – type locality for species
  • †Pristis luthami
• †Procamelus – or unidentified comparable form
• †Procolpochelys
  • †Procolpochelys charlestonensis
  • †Procolpochelys grandaeva
• Procyon
  • †Procyon lotor
• †Prolates
  • †Prolates dormaalensis
• †Pronum
  • †Pronum roscidum
• †Propristis
  • †Propristis schweinfurthi
• †Prosthennops – report made of unidentified related form or using admittedly obsolete nomenclature
  • †Prosthennops xiphidonticus
• †Protautoga
  • †Protautoga conidens
• †Protelphidium
  • †Protelphidium tisburyense
• Prunum
  • †Prunum limatulum
  • †Prunum roscidum
• Psammechinus
  • †Psammechinus philanthopus
  • †Psammechinus philanthropus
• 

  Hypothetical restoration of the Oligocene-Pliocene sea turtle Psephophorus
  †Psephophorus
• Pseudochama
  • †Pseudochama corticosa
  • †Pseudochama corticosta
• Pseudoliva
  • †Pseudoliva santander
  • †Pseudoliva vetusta
• Pseudopolymorphina
  • †Pseudopolymorphina novangliae – or unidentified comparable form
• Pseudotorinia
  • †Pseudotorinia nupera
  • †Pseudotorinia nuperum
• Pteria
  • †Pteria colymbus
  • †Pteria limula – tentative report
• Pteromeris
  • †Pteromeris tridentata
• Pteromylaeus
• †Ptychosalpinx
  • †Ptychosalpinx fossulata
  • †Ptychosalpinx laqueata
  • †Ptychosalpinx multirugata
  • †Ptychosalpinx tuomeyi
• Pulvinites
  • †Pulvinites lawrencei
• †Puppigerus
  • †Puppigerus camperi
• Pycnodonte
• 

  Fossilized skeleton of the Late Cretaceous-Eocene bony fish Pycnodus
  Pycnodus
• †Pyropsis

Q

• 

  A living Quercus, or oak tree
  Quercus
• Quinqueloculina
  • †Quinqueloculina compta
  • †Quinqueloculina jugosa
  • †Quinqueloculina lamarckiana
  • †Quinqueloculina lamarkiana
  • †Quinqueloculina microcosta
  • †Quinqueloculina peyana
  • †Quinqueloculina poeyana
  • †Quinqueloculina seminula

R

• Raeta
  • †Raeta plicatella
• Raja
• Rallus
  • †Rallus limicola
• †Rana
  • †Rana catesbiana – lapsus calami of Rana catesbeiana
  • †Rana clamitans – or unidentified comparable form
  • †Rana palustris
  • †Rana pipiens
  • †Rana sylvatica – or unidentified comparable form
• Rangia
  • †Rangia clathrodon
  • †Rangia cuneata
• Rangifer
  • 

    A living Rangifer tarandus, or reindeer
    †Rangifer tarandus
• Ranzania
  • †Ranzania grahami – type locality for species
  • †Ranzania tenneyorum – type locality for species
• †Raphoneis
  • †Raphoneis amphiceros
  • †Raphoneis lancettula
  • †Raphoneis scutula
• †Rebeccapecten
  • †Rebeccapecten berryae
• Reticulofenestra
• †Retinella
  • †Retinella electrina
  • †Retinella virginica
• Retusa
  • †Retusa obtusa
• †Rhabdosteus
• †Rhaphoneis
  • †Rhaphoneis gemmifera
  • †Rhaphoneis parilis
• †Rhegnopsis
  • †Rhegnopsis palaeatlantica – type locality for species
• Rhinobatos
  • †Rhinobatos bruxelliensis
• 

  A school of living Rhinoptera, or cownose rays
  Rhinoptera
  • †Rhinoptera sherboni
• Rosalina
  • †Rosalina columbiensis
  • †Rosalina floridana
• Rostellaria
• †Rudiscala

S

• Saccella
  • †Saccella catasarca – or unidentified comparable form
  • †Saccella concentrica
  • †Saccella parva
• †Samlandia
• †Sanganoma
• †Sarda
  • †Sarda delheidi
• Sayornis
  • 

    A living Sayornis phoebe, or eastern phoebe
    †Sayornis phoebe
• †Scala
  • †Scala virginiana – type locality for species
• †Scalaspira – report made of unidentified related form or using admittedly obsolete nomenclature
  • †Scalaspira strumosa
• Scalopus
  • †Scalopus aquaticus
• Scaphella
• Scaphiopus
  • †Scaphiopus holbrooki
• Sceloporus
  • †Sceloporus undulatus
• †Sceptrum
  • †Sceptrum marylandicum
• 

  Fossilized skull of the Miocene toothed whale Schizodelphis
  †Schizodelphis
  • †Schizodelphis barnesi
  • †Schizodelphis sulcatus
• Schizoporella
  • †Schizoporella errata
• Sciaenops
  • †Sciaenops ocellatus
• †Sciaenurus – or unidentified comparable form
  • †Sciaenurus bowerbanki
• Sciuropterus
  • †Sciuropterus volans
• Sciurus
  • 

    A living Sciurus carolinensis, or eastern gray squirrel
    †Sciurus carolinensis
• Scolopax
  • †Scolopax minor
• Scomberomorus
  • †Scomberomorus bleekeri
• †Scombrinus
• Scyliorhinus
  • †Scyliorhinus gilberti
• Seila
  • †Seila adamsii
• †Seiurus
• Semele
  • †Semele bellastriata
  • †Semele purpurascens – or unidentified comparable form
  • †Semele subovata
• †Semotilus
  • †Semotilus corporalis – or unidentified comparable form
• Serpulorbis
  • †Serpulorbis granifera
  • †Serpulorbis granulifera
• 

  Fossilized teeth of the Cretaceous-Eocene shark Serratolamna
  †Serratolamna
  • †Serratolamna aschersoni
  • †Serratolamna lerichei
• †Sialia – or unidentified comparable form
  • †Sialia sialis
• Sinum
  • †Sinum fragilis
• †Siphonocetus
  • †Siphonocetus priscus – type locality for species
• Sitta
  • †Sitta canadensis
• †Solarium
• Solemya
  • †Solemya velum
• Solen
• Solenosteira
  • †Solenosteira cancellaria
• Sorex
  • †Sorex arcticus
  • †Sorex cinereus
  • †Sorex dispar
  • †Sorex fumeus
  • †Sorex hoyi
  • 

    A living Sorex palustris, or American water shrew
    †Sorex palustris
• †Spatangus
  • †Spatangus glenni
• Spermophilus
  • †Spermophilus tridecemlineatus
• Sphaerium
  • †Sphaerium striatinum
• †Sphaeroidinellopsis
  • †Sphaeroidinellopsis subdehiscens
• Sphenia
  • †Sphenia dubia
• Sphyraena
  • †Sphyraena bognorensis
• †Sphyrapicus
  • †Sphyrapicus varius
• 

  A living Sphyrna hammerhead shark
  Sphyrna
• Spilogale
  • †Spilogale putorius
• †Spirodon
  • †Spirodon carinata
• Spisula
  • †Spisula modicella
  • †Spisula parilis
  • †Spisula praetenuis
  • †Spisula rappahannockensis
• 

  Life restoration of the Oligocene-Miocene shark-toothed dolphin Squalodon
  †Squalodon
  • †Squalodon calvertensis
  • †Squalodon protervus – or unidentified comparable form
  • †Squalodon whitmorei – type locality for species
• Squalus
  • †Squalus crenatidens
• Squatina
  • †Squatina prima
• †Stenotrema
  • †Stenotrema fraternum
  • †Stenotrema hirsutum
• †Stephanopyxis
  • †Stephanopyxis grunowii
• Stewartia
  • †Stewartia anodonta
• Storeria
• †Strepsidura
  • †Strepsidura perlatus
• †Streptochetus – or unidentified comparable form
  • †Streptochetus potomacensis
• Striarca
  • †Striarca centenaria
  • †Striarca centernaria
• 

  Fossilized teeth of the Paleocene-Miocene sandshark Striatolamia
  †Striatolamia
  • †Striatolamia macrota
• Strioterebrum
  • †Strioterebrum carolinensis
  • †Strioterebrum concava
  • †Strioterebrum dislocatum
• Strobilops
  • †Strobilops labyrinthica
• Strombiformis
• Sturnella – or unidentified comparable form
• †Sullivanichthys – type locality for genus
  • †Sullivanichthys mccloskeyi – type locality for species
• †Sumbos
  • †Sumbos cavifrons
• Surculites
• Sveltia – or unidentified comparable form
• †Syllomus
  • †Syllomus aegyptiacus – type locality for species
  • †Syllomus crispatus
• Sylvilagus
  • 

    A living Sylvilagus transitionalis, or New England cottontail
    †Sylvilagus transitionalis
• Symplocos
  • †Symplocos grimsleyi
• Synaptomys
  • †Synaptomys cooperi
  • †Synaptomys corealis

T

• Tagelus
  • †Tagelus plebeius
• Tamias
  • †Tamias striatus
• †Tamiasciurius
  • †Tamiasciurius hudsonicus
• Tamiasciurus
  • †Tamiasciurus hudsonicus
  • †Tamiasciurus tenuidens – or unidentified comparable form
• 

  A living Tapirus, or tapir
  Tapirus
  • †Tapirus veroensis
• Tautoga
  • †Tautoga onitis
• †Tectatodinium
  • †Tectatodinium pellitum
• Tectonatica
  • †Tectonatica pusilla
• Teinostoma
  • †Teinostoma harrisi
  • †Teinostoma umbilicatum
• 

  Shell of a Tellina, or tellin
  Tellina
  • †Tellina declivis
  • †Tellina leana
  • †Tellina propetenella
  • †Tellina virginiana – type locality for species
  • †Tellina williamsi
• †Teratichthys
  • †Teratichthys antiquitatus
• Terebra
• Teredo
  • †Teredo virginiana
• Terrapene
  • †Terrapene carolina
• Textularia
• †Thalassiphora
  • †Thalassiphora pelagica
• Thamnophis
  • †Thamnophis sirtalis
• 

  Fossilized skeleton of the Oligocene-Miocene gavial relative Thecachampsa
  †Thecachampsa
  • †Thecachampsa antiqua
  • †Thecachampsa antiquua
• †Thinocetus – type locality for genus
  • †Thinocetus arthritus – type locality for species
• †Thoracosaurus
  • †Thoracosaurus neocesariensis
• Thracia
• †Thuja
  • †Thuja occidentalis
• 

  A school of living Thunnus, or tunas
  Thunnus
• Tilia
• Tinospora
  • †Tinospora folmerii
• Torcula
  • †Torcula variabilis
• †Tornatellaea
• Toxostoma
  • †Toxostoma rufum
• Transennella
  • †Transennella carolinensis
• †Tretosphys
• Triakis
  • †Triakis wardi
• Trigonostoma
• Tringa – or unidentified comparable form
  • †Tringa solitaria
• †Triodopsis
  • †Triodopsis albolabris
  • †Triodopsis burchi
  • †Triodopsis juxtidens
  • 

    A living Triodopsis tridentata land snail, or northern threetooth
    †Triodopsis tridentata
  • †Triodopsis vulgata
• Triphora
• †Triphotrocha
  • †Triphotrocha comprinata – or unidentified comparable form
• Trochita
  • †Trochita aperta
  • †Trochita trochiformis
• Trochocyathus
  • †Trochocyathus mitratus
• Trox
• †Tsuga
  • †Tsuga canadensis – or unidentified comparable form
• Tucetona
  • †Tucetona pectinata
• Tudicla – or unidentified comparable form
• †Turbinolia
  • †Turbinolia acuticostata
• †Turbiosphaera – tentative report
• Turbonilla
  • †Turbonilla interrupta
  • †Turbonilla potomacensis
• †Turborotalia – report made of unidentified related form or using admittedly obsolete nomenclature
  • †Turborotalia acostaensis
• Turdus
  • †Turdus migratorius
• 

  Fossilized shells of the Late Jurassic-modern tower snail Turritella
  Turritella
  • †Turritella alticostata
  • †Turritella humerosa
  • †Turritella invariabilis
  • †Turritella nasuta
  • †Turritella pilsbryi
  • †Turritella potomacensis
  • †Turritella praecincta
  • †Turritella subvariabilis

U

• Uria
  • 

    A pair of living Uria aalge, or common murre
    †Uria aalge
• Urosalpinx
  • †Urosalpinx cinera
  • †Urosalpinx cinerea
  • †Urosalpinx phrikina
  • †Urosalpinx rusticus
  • †Urosalpinx subrusticus
  • †Urosalpinx trossulus
• Ursus
  • †Ursus americanus

V

• Vallonia
  • †Vallonia costata
• Valvata
• Venericardia
  • †Venericardia densata
  • †Venericardia planicosta
  • †Venericardia potapacoensis
  • †Venericardia regia
• Vermetus
• Vertigo
  • †Vertigo gouldi
  • †Vertigo tridentata
• Vitis
• Vitrinella
  • †Vitrinella virginiensis
• †Vokesinotus
  • †Vokesinotus lepidotus
• 

  Fossilized skeleton of the Eocene bony fish Voltaconger
  †Voltaconger
  • †Voltaconger latispinus
• Voluta
  • †Voluta mutabilis
• Volutifusus
  • †Volutifusus obtusa
• Vulpes

W

• †Wetherellia
  • †Wetherellia marylandica
• †Wetzeliella

X

• Xenophora
• 

  Fossilized skeleton of the Miocene whale Xiphiacetus
  †Xiphiacetus
  • †Xiphiacetus bossi – type locality for species
  • †Xiphiacetus cristatus – type locality for species

Y

• Yoldia
  • †Yoldia laevis
  • 

    Illustration of the shell of a Yoldia limatula, or file yoldia
    †Yoldia limatula
  • †Yoldia potomacensis

Z

• Zapus
  • †Zapus hudsonius
• †Zarhachis
• Zonotrichia
  • 

    A living Zonotrichia albicollis, or white-throated sparrow
    †Zonotrichia albicollis

Notes

References

• Various Contributors to the Paleobiology Database. "Fossilworks: Gateway to the Paleobiology Database". Retrieved 17 December 2021.