zpj

Egyptian

Pronunciation

Verb
z
p zp

 3ae inf.

  1. (intransitive) to remain, to be(come) left over, abandoned
  2. (intransitive) to remain, to survive, to be left
    • c. 2000 BCE – 1900 BCE, Tale of the Shipwrecked Sailor (pHermitage/pPetersburg 1115) lines 37–39:
      aHaa
      n      		 d
      p      		 t
      P1      		 mt
      Z6      		 n
      t      		 tyw
      Z2      		 imsD35
      z      		 p
      zp      		 wa
      a      		 A1Z1im
      ꜥḥꜥ.n dpt m(w)t(.tj) ntjw jm.s nj zp wꜥ jm
      Then the boat died (sank), and of those in it, not one of them survived.
  3. (intransitive) to be(come) left out, excluded
  4. (intransitive, negated as part of the constructions nj zp or nn zp) to happen

Inflection
Conjugation of zpj (third weak / 3ae inf. / III. inf.) — base stem: zp, geminated stem: zpp
infinitival forms imperative
infinitive negatival complement complementary infinitive1 singular plural
zpt, zpj
 zpw, zp
 zpt, zpwt, zpyt
 zp
 zp, zpy
‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem periphrastic imperfective2 periphrastic prospective2
zp8, zpp8
 ḥr zpt, ḥr zpj
 m zpt, m zpj
 r zpt, r zpj
suffix conjugation
aspect / mood active contingent
aspect / mood active
perfect zp.n
 consecutive zp.jn
terminative zpt, zpyt
perfective3 zp
 obligative1 zp.ḫr
imperfective zp, zpy
prospective3 zpw, zp, zpy
 potentialis1 zp.kꜣ
subjunctive zp, zpy
verbal adjectives
aspect / mood relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms participles
active active passive
perfect zp.n
 — —
perfective zpw1, zpy, zp
 zp
 zpy, zp
imperfective zpp, zppy, zppw5
 zpp, zppj6, zppy6
 zpp, zppw5
prospective zpw1, zpy, zp, zptj7
 zpwtj1 4, zptj4, zpt4
  1. Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian.
  2. Used mostly since Middle Egyptian.
  3. Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective.
  4. Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn.
  5. Only in the masculine singular.
  6. Only in the masculine.
  7. Only in the feminine.
  8. Third-person masculine statives of this class often have a final -y instead of the expected stative ending.

Derived terms

Descendants
  • Demotic: sp
    • Akhmimic Coptic: ⲥⲉⲡⲉ (sepe)
    • Bohairic Coptic: ⲥⲉⲡⲓ (sepi)
    • Fayyumic Coptic: ⲥⲏⲏⲡⲓ (sēēpi)
    • Sahidic Coptic: ⲥⲉⲉⲡⲉ (seepe)

References
  • “zpi̯ (lemma ID 132710)”, in Thesaurus Linguae Aegyptiae‎, Corpus issue 17, Web app version 2.01 edition, Tonio Sebastian Richter & Daniel A. Werning by order of the Berlin-Brandenburgische Akademie der Wissenschaften and Hans-Werner Fischer-Elfert & Peter Dils by order of the Sächsische Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Leipzig, 2004–15 December 2022
  • Erman, Adolf, Grapow, Hermann (1929) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache‎, volume 3, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN, pages 439.7–439.15
  • Faulkner, Raymond Oliver (1962) A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian, Oxford: Griffith Institute, →ISBN, page 222
  • James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, pages 259–260, 270, 385.
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