zbṯ

Egyptian

Pronunciation
 
  • (reconstructed) IPA(key): /ˈzaːbac/ → /ˈsaːbaʔ/ → /ˈsaːba/ → /ˈsoːβə/

Verb
zbT
D19

 3-lit.

  1. (intransitive) to laugh
    • c. 2000 BCE – 1900 BCE, Tale of the Shipwrecked Sailor (pHermitage/pPetersburg 1115) lines 149–150:
      aHaa
      n      		 sbt
      bH      		 A2n
      f      		 imA1mM22M22D&d n&A1 mn
      f      		 nDsmibZ1f
      D&d f
      n      		 A1D35wrrn
      k      		 a
      n      		 tywW23
      Z2ss      		 xprr
      t      		 nbnTrsnn
      t      		 rtrN33C
      Z2ss
      ꜥḥꜥ.n sbt.n.f jm.j m nn ḏd.n.j m nf m jb.f ḏd.f n.j (j)n wr n.k ꜥntjw ḫpr.t(j) ⟨m⟩ nb sntr
      Then he laughed at me – and at this that I’d said – as being wrong to his mind, saying to me: Are you abundant in myrrh, turned into a lord of incense?[1]

Inflection
Conjugation of zbṯ (triliteral / 3-lit. / 3rad.) — base stem: zbṯ, geminated stem: zbṯṯ
infinitival forms imperative
infinitive negatival complement complementary infinitive1 singular plural
zbṯ
 zbṯw, zbṯ
 zbṯt
 zbṯ
 zbṯ
‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem periphrastic imperfective2 periphrastic prospective2
zbṯ
 ḥr zbṯ
 m zbṯ
 r zbṯ
suffix conjugation
aspect / mood active contingent
aspect / mood active
perfect zbṯ.n
 consecutive zbṯ.jn
terminative zbṯt
perfective3 zbṯ
 obligative1 zbṯ.ḫr
imperfective zbṯ
prospective3 zbṯ
 potentialis1 zbṯ.kꜣ
subjunctive zbṯ
verbal adjectives
aspect / mood relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms participles
active active passive
perfect zbṯ.n
 — —
perfective zbṯ
 zbṯ
 zbṯ, zbṯw5, zbṯy5
imperfective zbṯ, zbṯy, zbṯw5
 zbṯ, zbṯj6, zbṯy6
 zbṯ, zbṯw5
prospective zbṯ, zbṯtj7
 zbṯtj4, zbṯt4
  1. Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian.
  2. Used mostly since Middle Egyptian.
  3. Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective.
  4. Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn.
  5. Only in the masculine singular.
  6. Only in the masculine.
  7. Only in the feminine.

Alternative forms
Alternative hieroglyphic writings of zbṯ  
sbt
bH		 A2
sbt

Descendants
  • Bohairic Coptic: ⲥⲱⲃⲓ (sōbi)
  • Sahidic Coptic: ⲥⲱⲃⲉ (sōbe)

References
  1. Or ‘You aren’t abundant in myrrh …’, if the initial particle is read as negative nj instead of interrogative jn. The expected negative particle for such a clause would be nn, so an interrogative is more plausible. For a detailed discussion see Scalf, Foy (2009) “Is That a Rhetorical Question? Shipwrecked Sailor (pHermitage 1115) 150 Reconsidered” in Zeitschrift für Ägyptische Sprache und Altertumskunde, volume 136, issue 2, pages 155–159.
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